Impacts of Changing Climate in the Northeast on Manure StoragesLPE Learning Center
Manure storage design and operation are influenced by climate and weather. The Northeast United States has been identified as likely to experience more frequent and larger precipitation events in climate change models. The Northeast Regional Climate Center (NRCC) predicts that particularly in New York and New England where the frequency of 2 inch rainfall events has increased since the 1950s and storms once considered a 1 in 100 year event have become more frequent. Such storms are now likely to occur almost twice as often. In consultation with Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) the NRCC has put together a website www.precip.net that includes estimates of extreme rainfall for various durations (from 5 minutes to 10 days) and recurrence intervals (1 year to 500 years). Although the public website remains static, providing design criteria, updated data is continually collected. It is anticipated that this will show a continual shift in extreme rainfall amounts. Monthly and yearly rainfall also impact manure storage design. The impacts of both changing extreme rainfall and monthly rainfall amounts on manure storage design are explored. Higher freeboard amounts to protect from overtopping and more total storage to provide flexibility in abnormally wet weather are recommended to be incorporated in manure storage facility designs.
http://www.extension.org/pages/67643/impacts-of-changing-climate-in-the-northeast-on-manure-storage
Michael Simpson (Antioch University New England, Center for Climate Preparedness and Community Resilience) presented at the Adapting Forested Watersheds to Climate Change Workshop, at Antioch University New England, Keene, NH on April 4-5, 2017. The workshop was hosted by the Northern Institute of Applied Climate Science (NIACS), USDA Climate Hubs, and Trout Unlimited.
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Impacts of Changing Climate in the Northeast on Manure StoragesLPE Learning Center
Manure storage design and operation are influenced by climate and weather. The Northeast United States has been identified as likely to experience more frequent and larger precipitation events in climate change models. The Northeast Regional Climate Center (NRCC) predicts that particularly in New York and New England where the frequency of 2 inch rainfall events has increased since the 1950s and storms once considered a 1 in 100 year event have become more frequent. Such storms are now likely to occur almost twice as often. In consultation with Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) the NRCC has put together a website www.precip.net that includes estimates of extreme rainfall for various durations (from 5 minutes to 10 days) and recurrence intervals (1 year to 500 years). Although the public website remains static, providing design criteria, updated data is continually collected. It is anticipated that this will show a continual shift in extreme rainfall amounts. Monthly and yearly rainfall also impact manure storage design. The impacts of both changing extreme rainfall and monthly rainfall amounts on manure storage design are explored. Higher freeboard amounts to protect from overtopping and more total storage to provide flexibility in abnormally wet weather are recommended to be incorporated in manure storage facility designs.
http://www.extension.org/pages/67643/impacts-of-changing-climate-in-the-northeast-on-manure-storage
Michael Simpson (Antioch University New England, Center for Climate Preparedness and Community Resilience) presented at the Adapting Forested Watersheds to Climate Change Workshop, at Antioch University New England, Keene, NH on April 4-5, 2017. The workshop was hosted by the Northern Institute of Applied Climate Science (NIACS), USDA Climate Hubs, and Trout Unlimited.
Carlo Carraro: Impacts of the Paris Agreement on Sustainable Development GoalsFuture Earth
What are the critical challenges the world faces in meeting international climate change and sustainable development targets? That was the topic of discussion at a side event this week hosted by Future Earth and its partners at the Bonn Climate Change Conference. The event, called “Reframing the Climate Debate: Enhancing the Paris Agreement and SDG Linkages,” addressed The World in 2050 project, a new effort to develop pathways to sustainable development within safe planetary boundaries.
Virtual Water Trade Networks and Sustainability of the Food SystemSamir Suweis
Talk given at the European geophysics Union Conference (EGU) in 2014 on my paper published in PNAS, Vol. 110 no. 11 4230-4233 (2013): Water Controlled Wealth of Nations.
Atif Kubursi - McMaster University
ERF 24th Annual Conference
The New Normal in the Global Economy: Challenges & Prospects for MENA
July 8-10, 2018
Cairo, Egypt
The continuous expansion of urban areas worldwide is expected to highly increase residential water demand over the next few years, ultimately challenging the distribution and supply of drinking water. Several studies have recently demonstrated that actions focused only on the water supply side of the problem (e.g., augmenting existing water supply infrastructure) will likely fail to meet future demands, thus calling for the concurrent deployment of effective water demand management strategies (WDMS) to pursue water savings and conservation. However, to be effective WDMS do require a substantial understanding of water consumers’ behaviors and consumption patterns at different spatial and temporal resolutions. Retrieving information on users’ behaviors, as well as their explanatory and/or causal factors, is key to spot potential areas for targeting water saving efforts and to design user-tailored WDMS, such as education campaigns and personalized recommendations.
In this work, we contribute a data-driven approach to identify household water users’ consumption behavioural profiles and model their water use habits. State-of-the-art clustering methods are coupled with big data machine learning techniques with the aim of extracting dominant behaviors from a set of water consumption data collected at the household scale. This allows identifying heterogeneous groups of consumers from the studied sample and characterizing them with respect to several consumption features.
Our approach is validated onto a real-world household water consumption dataset associated with a variety of demographic and psychographic user data and household attributes, collected in nine towns of the Pilbara and Kimberley Regions of Western Australia. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in capturing the influence of candidate determinants on residential water consumption profiles and in attaining sufficiently accurate predictions of users’ consumption behaviors, ultimately providing valuable information to water utilities and managers.
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One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
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Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
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DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
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Providing emotional support and pain management.
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Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
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Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
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M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
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Climate change and internal displacement in countries of Latin-America and the Caribbean: Analysis of empirical data and policies.
1. Climate change and internal displacement in
countries of Latin-America and the Caribbean:
Analysis of empirical data and policies
Roberto Ariel Abeldaño, BSc, MPH, PhD.
University of the Sierra Sur, Oaxaca, Mexico.
2. Background
• Enough evidence of the climate change impacts on the sustainable development of countries has
been recorded in the last two decades.
• Specially in less-developed countries, climate change is producing an increasing number (and
intensity) of disasters, deriving in the loss of human lives, physical assets and environmental capital.
• This is particularly relevant in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Given the specific geographic
features of the region, we expect a trend of higher frequency and intensity of disasters.
• Besides the human deaths and economic costs, the effects of disasters include damages to
infrastructure and housing, making internal displacement one of the most common and immediate
impacts of disasters in the population of our region.
• Internal displacement limits post-disaster recovery and restoration.
Adger, Huq, Brown, Conway, & Hulme, 2003; Daoud, Halleröd, & Guha-Sapir, 2016; Swart, Robinson, & Cohen, 2003; Abeldaño Zúñiga & González Villoria,
2018; Kolmannskog & Trebbi, 2010.
3. Objectives
• Analyze the accuracy of the Global Internal
Displacement Database.
• Describe the magnitude and duration of
internal displacements due to disasters in LAC
countries between 2013 and 2015.
5. Table1. Disasters classification according to Em-Dat Database. Centre for Research on
the Epidemiology of Disasters – CRED. School of Public Health. Université Catholique
de Louvain.
Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters - CRED, School of Public Health, Université
Catholique de Louvain. 2016.
Origin Type
Geophysical
Earthquake
Volcanic activity
Mass movements
Meteorological
Storms
Extreme temperatures
Hydrological
Floods
Landslides
Wave action
Climatological
Drought
Wildfires
6. Criteria for assessing IDMC global
database accuracy
1. Internal displacement Start-date: accuracy reported in
the database (day/month/year).
2. Internal displacement End-date: accuracy reported in
the database (day/month/year).
3. Global accuracy of the records: Start-date + End-date
accuracy reported in the database.
4. The unit of measurement reported for each event in
the database (household/person).
7. Results
• 505 events of internal displacement forced by
disaster situations were analyzed.
• 17 countries in the LAC region were affected
between 2013 and 2015.
9. Table 3. Sources for calculation of average househoold size in LAC countries.
Country Sources Year Average household size
Argentina Census 2010 3.3
Bolivia Demographic YearBook UN 2012 3.5
Brazil Demographic YearBook UN 2010 3.3
Chile Census 2002 3.6
Colombia Demographic Health Survey 2015 3.5
Dominican Rep. Demographic Health Survey 2013 3.5
Ecuador Demographic YearBook UN 2010 3.8
El Salvador IPUMS 2007 4.1
Guatemala Demographic Health Survey 2014 4.8
Honduras Census 2013 3.9
Mexico Inter-census Survey 2015 3.7
Nicaragua Census 2005 5.2
Panama Census 2010 3.7
Paraguay IPUMS 2002 4.6
Peru Demographic Health Survey 2012 3.8
Venezuela Census 2011 3.3
10. Table 4. Frequency of events, displaced persons and duration of internal displaced
movement by countries. Global Internal Displacement Database 2013-2015.
Country
Number of
events
Percentage of
events
Total displaced
persons
Displaced days
(only in accurated events)
Sum Mean SD
Argentina 18 3 .6 75,393 11 .56 17 .54
Bolivia 9 1 .8 685,262 3 .50 4 .90
Brazil 15 3 .0 322,126 13 .36 22 .76
Chile 14 2 .8 2,038,973 9 .90 13 .48
Colombia 357 70 .7 125,047 2 .99 8 .88
Costa Rica 3 0 .6 1,122 5 .50 6 .36
Dominican Rep. 8 1 .6 54,844 3 .57 2 .70
Ecuador 6 1 .2 11,644 46 .00 51 .55
El Salvador 4 0 .8 4,918 1 .25 0 .50
Guatemala 9 1 .8 15,951 3 .57 3 .91
Honduras 4 0 .8 7,960 12 .00 -
Mexico 10 2 .0 267,472 4 .86 5 .40
Nicaragua 8 1 .6 38,952 5 .40 6 .02
Panama 11 2 .2 2,166 5 .57 7 .16
Paraguay 5 1 .0 432,005 21 .40 22 .96
Peru 17 3 .4 58,497 77 .58 138 .75
Uruguay 5 1 .0 29,501 22 .00 14 .73
Venezuela 2 0 .4 45,904 32 .00 19 .80
Total 505 100 .0 4,217,737 11.9 40.5
11. Table 5. Internally displaced persons and duration of the displacement by type of
disaster. Global Internal Displacement Database 2013-2015.
Disaster type
Displaced persons Displaced days
PercentajeSum Mean SD
Earthquakes and tsunamis 1,994,456 4 9.49 47.29
Volcanic eruptions 61,311 12.89 25.72 1.45
Mass movement 12,942 1.28 1.08 0.31
Not climate change related 2,068,709 6.1 12.1 49.05
Coldwaves 1,209 - - 0.03
Extreme temperatures 18,218 6 7.07 0.43
Flashfloods 20,039 - - 0.48
Floods 1,625,161 14.69 21.45 38.53
Hail 53 - - 0.001
Landslides 17,090 75.9 152.93 0.41
Mudflows 29,739 - - 0.71
River floods 92,561 27.2 25.82 2.19
Storms 195,662 5 4.02 4.64
Storm surges 2,264 2 0 0.05
Cyclons 400 - - 0.01
Hurricanes 97,350 1 0 2.31
Tornados 25,840 1 0 0.61
Wildfires 23,443 5.6 6.54 0.56
Climate change related 2,149,029 15.4 24.2 50.05
Total 4,217,738 13.0 21.2 100.0
12. Conclusions
• Climate change related disasters caused the greatest volume of internal displacement in LAC
between 2013 and 2015.
• The scenario for LAC is far from encouraging, because it is expected that the intensity and
frequency of certain natural risks to which regional population is exposed, will increase in the
next years.
• Regarding the data source, this study analyzed the accuracy of Internal Displacement Database
to measure the number of internal displaced population and to determine the beginning and
end dates of the recorded disasters.
• Despite the fact that no satisfactory indicators of accuracy were found, it is acknowledged that
this is the only data source available to provide the necessary information to monitor human
displacements due to disasters at the global level.
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14. Contact:
Dr. Roberto Ariel Abeldaño
Universidad de la Sierra Sur
ariabeldanho@gmail.com
National Research Council, Mexico
National Research Council, Argentina
Climate change and internal displacement in countries of Latin-America and the Caribbean: Analysis of empirical data
and policies
Abeldaño RA.
Heatlh, Society and Environment Research Group
Universidad de la Sierra Sur, México.