Cleantech taxonomy

A new cleantech taxonomy
2012 09 05
Dallas Kachan
Managing Partner
With Jeff Wen, Shannon Payne and Megan Amaral
Kachan & Co.
+1 415-390-2080 x.5
dallas@kachan.com
This presentation may be freely distributed in its original, unmodified form. Cite or reproduce taxonomy freely, but please credit
Kachan & Co.
© 2010-2012 Kachan & Co.

2www.kachan.com Freely distributable in original, unmodified form
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The cleantech, or greentech, category has evolved since it was first defined in 2002; Now,
in 2012, Kachan & Co. has revisited its definition of the category and offers the following
taxonomy
• Classic definitions of cleantech and the industries under its umbrella have not kept pace with
innovation because data organizations’ legacy taxonomies are hard-coded to custom, difficult-to-
change systems
• Analysts at cleantech research and advisory firm Kachan & Co. have recast their taxonomy of
cleantech, detailed on the following pages
– Revisited 11 legacy categories of cleantech, reorganized as now just 8
– Adopted terms the market has settled on and redacted outdated terminology
– Categorization of technologies, not financed projects or players in the value chain
– Inclusion of newly emerged, and emerging, technologies
• This new taxonomy shows where a clean technology “fits”; it helps entrepreneurs, investors, service
providers and large corporations understand the breadth and depth of the cleantech category, and
can help research organizations such as Kachan & Co. and others report consistently
• Dozens of others’ frameworks were reviewed, including taxonomies from Cleantech Group, China
Greentech Initiative, StrategyEye, Greentech Media, Skipso and Wikipedia, all of which helped
inform the final structure in the following pages

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• Wind
• Solar
• Renewable fuels
• Marine
• Biomass
• Geothermal
• Fuel cells
• Waste-to-energy
• Nuclear
• Emerging
• Measurement & analytics
• Batteries
• Thermal storage
• Mechanical storage
• Super/ultracapacitors
• Hydrogen storage
• Smart grid
• Green building
• Cogeneration
• Data centers & devices
• Semiconductors
• Collaborative consumption
systems
Energy
• Vehicles
• Traffic management
• Fueling/charging
infrastructure
• Carbon sequestration
• Carbon trading/offsets
• Emissions control
• Bioremediation
• Recycling & waste
• Monitoring & compliance
• Materials innovation
• Design innovation
• Equipment innovation
• Production
• Advanced packaging
• Production
• Treatment
• Transmission
• Efficiency
Water
• Crop farming
• Controlled environment
agriculture
• Sustainable forestry
• Animal farming
• Aquaculture
The cleantech sector can be categorized as spanning eight over-arching energy,
manufacturing, environmental and resource categories
Source: Kachan & Co., 2012
Energy storageClean energy Efficiency Transportation
Air & environment Clean industry Water Agriculture
Eight categories of cleantech

11010011A new cleantech taxonomy
• Marine
– Tidal
– Wave
– Run-of-river and other small
scale hydro
– Ocean thermal
• Biomass
– Wood combustion
• Geothermal
– Natural aquifer
– Hot dry rock enhanced
• Fuel cells
– PEM
– DMFC
– SOFC
– MCFC
– Zinc air
• Waste-to-energy
– Waste heat recovery
– Anaerobic digestion
– Landfill gas
– Gasification
– Plasma torching
• Wind
– Turbines
– Components, incl. gearboxes,
blades, towers
• Solar
– Crystalline silicon
– Thin film
– Other emerging photovoltaic
– PV module technologies
– Inverters
– Thermal
– Concentrated solar power
• Thermal
• Photovoltaic
– Financing providers
– Systems
• Renewable fuels
– Ethanol
– Cellulosic ethanol
– Biobutanol
– Biodiesel
– Methanol
– Drop-in synthetic fuels
– Biogas
– Hydrogen [non-fossil feedstock]
Clean energy
Renewable energy generation spans conventional renewable and new emerging forms of
renewable power, and includes related measurement & analysis systems
• Nuclear
– New fission designs
– Fusion
– Non-uranium fuels
– Waste disposal
• Emerging
– Osmotic power
– Kinetic power
– Others
• Measurement & analysis
– Software systems
– Sensor and other
hardware

Energy storage
Energy storage encompasses technologies that preserve energy for use at a later time,
with applications both in electronics and grid-scale power storage
• Batteries
– Wet cells (e.g. flow, lead-acid, nickel-
cadmium, sodium -sulfur)
– Dry cells (e.g. zinc-carbon, lithium iron
phosphate)
– Reserve batteries
– Charging & management
• Thermal storage
– Molten salt
– Ice
– Chilled water
– Eutectic
• Mechanical storage
– Pumped water
– Compressed air
– Flywheels
– Other moving mass
• Super/ultra capacitors
• Hydrogen storage

Efficiency
Efficiency is a superset of smart grid, green building, cogeneration and even collaborative
consumption “sharing” technologies intended to help us do more with less
• Smart grid
– Transmission
• Sensors & quality measurement
• Distribution automation
• High voltage DC
• Superconductors
• High voltage control devices
– Demand management/response
– Management
• Advanced metering infrastructure
(AMI) & smart meters
• Monitoring & metering
• Networking equipment
• Quality & testing
• Self repairing technologies
• Power conservation
• Power protection
• Data analysis systems
• Green building
– Design
– Building automation
• Software & data analysis
• Monitoring, sensors and
controllers
• Metering
• Networking & communication
– Lighting
• Ballasts & controllers
• Solid state lighting
• CFLs
• Daylight harvesting
– Systems
• HVAC
• Refrigeration
• Water heating
– Consulting/facilities
management
• ESCOs
• Cogeneration
– Combined heat and power
(CHPDH)
• Data centers & devices
– Component efficiency
improvement
– Virtualization
– Intelligent power management
– Smart appliances
• Semiconductors
• Collaborative consumption systems
– Bartering
– Bike sharing
– Carpool/Ride sharing
– Car sharing
– Collaborative workspace
– Co-housing
– Coworking
– Garden sharing
– Fractional ownership
– Peer-to-peer lending
– Seed swap
– Shared taxi
– Time banks
– Virtual currencies

Transportation
Vehicles are the most visible category within transportation, but innovation is also taking
place across traffic management and next generation fueling/charging infrastructure
• Vehicles
– Improved internal combustion
– Hybrid electric
– Plug in hybrids
– All electric
– eBikes
– New vehicle types
– Rail transport innovation
– Water transport innovation
– Components
– System integration
• Traffic management
– Fleet management
– Traffic & route management
– Lighting & signals
– Parking management systems
– Behavior management
• Fueling/charging infrastructure
– Vehicle-to-grid (V2G)
– Fast charging
– Battery swapping
– Induction
– Alternative fuel conversion

Air & environment
Opportunities in air & environment include carbon sequestration, trading/offsets, emissions
control technologies, bioremediation, recycling and waste technologies and monitoring
• Carbon sequestration
– Carbon capture & storage
• Geological
• Ocean
• Mineral
• Bio capture, incl. algae
• Co2 re-use
– Geoengineering
– Biochar
– Forestry/agriculture
• Carbon trading/offsets
• Emissions control
– Sorbents & scrubbers
– Biofiltration
– Cartridge/electronic
– Catalytic converters
• Bioremediation
• Recycling & waste
– Materials reclamation
– New sorting technologies
– Waste treatment
– Waste management & other services
– Toxin detection
– Sensors & other measurement/testing
hardware

Clean industry
Cleantech for industrial use is based largely on advanced materials, along with design
innovation, equipment efficiency, production, monitoring & compliance and advanced
packaging
• Materials innovation
– Nano
• Gels
• Powders
• Coatings
• Membranes
– Bio
• Biopolymers
• Biodegradables
• Catalysts
• Timber reclamation
– Glass
• Chemical
• Electronic
• PV
– Chemical
• Composites
• Foils
• Coatings
– Structural building material
• Cement
• Drywall
• Windows
– Ceramics
– Adhesives
• Design innovation
– Biomimicry
– Software
• Equipment efficiency
– Efficient motors
– Heat pumps & exchangers
– Controls
• Production
– Construction/fabrication
– Resource utilization
– Process efficiency
– Toxin/waste minimization
– Automation
– Sensors & other measurement/testing hardware
• Advanced packaging
– Packing
– Containers

Water
Water opportunities lie in technologies for generation, treatment, transmission, efficiency and
monitoring & compliance
– Sensors & other measurement/testing
hardware
• Production
– Desalination
– Air-to-water
• Treatment
– Filtration
– Purification
– Contaminate detection
– Waste treatment
• Transmission
– Mains repair/improvement
• Efficiency
– Recycling
– Smart irrigation
– Aeroponics/hydroponics
– Water saving appliances

Agriculture
Clean technologies in agriculture are aimed at improving yields and quality of consumable
food, and are further categorized under crop farming, animal farming, aquaculture and other
areas
• Crop farming
– Natural fertilizers and amendments
– Biological weed, pest and disease control
– Precision irrigation and fertilization
– Land management
– Biotechnology
– Tools and equipment
– Waste innovations
– Transport decay prevention
• Controlled environment agriculture
– Hydroponics, aeroponics and vertical farming
– Improved greenhouses
• Sustainable forestry
• Animal farming
• Aquaculture
– Health & yield
– Containment

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About Kachan & Co.
• Cleantech research and consulting firm
– Helps cleantech market participants profit from new opportunities, and
– Helps cleantech companies differentiate themselves and raise their profiles
• Managing Partner Dallas Kachan is author of 400+ cleantech articles and reports, a respected
cleantech analyst, presenter and editor since 2006
• Contributors include recognizable cleantech analysts, thought leaders and expert writers in Silicon
Valley, Toronto, Vancouver and London
• Frequently quoted in global cleantech and business press, including:
– ABC News, Associated Press, BBC News, Bloomberg, BusinessWeek, Canadian Business, Christian Science
Monitor, CNBC, CNET, Forbes, MarketWatch, National Post, Red Herring, Reuters, San Francisco Chronicle,
San Jose Mercury News, The New York Times, Treehugger, USA Today, Wall Street Journal, Wired, and more

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Cleantech research and analysis
• Trend reports
• Equity analyst-style reports on specific
companies, examining
– Target customers
– Wants/needs
– Propositions
– Differentiation
– Market validation, customer
interviews
• Strengths and weaknesses,
recommendations
• Marketed to cleantech infrastructure
Insight for cleantech investors, service
providers and large corporations
Standalone
reports
Previous Upcoming
Cavet Lumismart New Nuclear Innovations
Osmotic Power Mantra ERC
Bio Natural Gas (BNG) Aviation Biofuels
Water Management Agricultural Innovations

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Cleantech industry advisory services
• Total addressable market sizing
• Competitive assessments
• Economic (ROI, TCO) assessments
• Proposition testing
• Business plan assistance
• Corporate/product positioning
• Target segment validation, profiling
Answers to specific cleantech questions for large corporates
• Market infrastructure mapping
• Market-centric product definition
• Marketing diagnostic
• Marketing programs strategy & execution
• Cleantech industry public relations
Strategic services, management of tactical programs for cleantech
vendors

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Contact
Contact Kachan & Co. to learn how we
can accelerate your returns in clean
technology
San Francisco | Toronto | Vancouver
www.kachan.com
+1 415 390-2080
info@kachan.com

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