The document discusses different types of matter including elements, compounds, mixtures, homogeneous mixtures, and heterogeneous mixtures. Lead is provided as an example of an element. Salt and water are given as examples of compounds formed from elements combining. Mixtures discussed include salt water, ovaltine, soap and water. Milk and apple juice are classified as homogeneous mixtures that appear uniform throughout. Oil and water and cereal in milk are identified as heterogeneous mixtures where the parts remain visually distinct and do not fully combine.