Classification of dyes
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Dyes can be classified as either natural or synthetic. Natural dyes come from plants and animals while synthetic dyes include water soluble dyes like direct, acid, basic and reactive dyes as well as water insoluble dyes like vat, sulphur and disperse dyes. Synthetic dyes are further broken down by their chemical structure and properties.
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This document provides information about vat dyes, including their chemical structure and properties. It discusses the history of dyes and how vat dyes were developed. The document then describes the vat dyeing process in detail, including reduction, diffusion, oxidation and soaping steps. It discusses the classification, advantages and disadvantages of vat dyes. Vat dyes have excellent fastness properties but require an extra vatting process before dyeing and careful control of reducing agents during dyeing.
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presentation on dye
Amir Hamza is a student at Daffodil International University with ID 132-23-193 in the Department of Textile Engineering (TE). The document defines and describes different types of dyes including natural dyes, synthetic dyes, and various classes of synthetic dyes such as acid dyes, basic dyes, direct or substantive dyes, mordant dyes, vat dyes, reactive dyes, disperse dyes, azoic dyes, and sulfur dyes. It also discusses dye classification, color fastness, the basis of color, molecular energy levels, and food dyes.
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presentation on dye
Amir Hamza is a student at Daffodil International University with ID 132-23-193 in the Department of Textile Engineering (TE). The document defines and describes different types of dyes including natural dyes, synthetic dyes, and various classes of synthetic dyes such as acid dyes, basic dyes, direct or substantive dyes, mordant dyes, vat dyes, reactive dyes, disperse dyes, azoic dyes, and sulfur dyes. It also discusses dye classification, color fastness, the basis of color, molecular energy levels, and food dyes.
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Classification of dyes
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Azo dye
Azo dyes are formed by the chemical reaction of two colorless components - napthols and bases (also called coupling and diazotization components). The dyeing process involves first treating the fabric with a napthol solution, then developing the dye by exposing the naptholated fabric to the diazotized base solution. This results in an insoluble azo compound that provides good light and washing fastness but poorer rubbing fastness. Rubbing fastness can be improved through a soaping treatment after dyeing. Azo dyes have excellent properties but require a multi-step process compared to ready-made dyes.
Reactive dyes
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Dyes ppt
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and also for other university students
natural and mordant dyes
Natural and mordant dyes have been used throughout history to color textiles. Natural dyes are extracted from plants, insects, and minerals and produce a limited range of dull colors with poor fastness. Mordants, such as alum, iron, tin, and copper, are used to improve color fastness when applied before or during dyeing. Modern extraction techniques, like supercritical CO2 and subcritical water, more efficiently extract dyes compared to traditional methods. The dyeing process involves pre-treating, mordanting, and dyeing fabrics to bond the natural dyes to fibers using mordant-dye chemical reactions.
Basic dye
Basic dyes are cationic dyes that form colored cationic salts when dissolved in water, allowing them to react with anionic sites on textile substrates. They have fewer hydrophilic groups, making them insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol or acetic acid when used for dyeing. Basic dyes include aromatic methane, triarylmethane, azo compounds and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic structures. They are widely used for dyeing materials like jute, silk, wool, and acrylic fibers. While having good tinctorial strength and brightness, basic dyes suffer from poor lightfastness, shade stability, and backwaters. Modified basic dyes address some of these limitations with improved fiber coverage and
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Azo dyes
Azo dyes are organic compounds bearing the functional group R−N=N−R′, in which R and R′ are usually aryl. They are a commercially important family of azo compounds, i.e. compounds containing the linkage C-N=N-C. Azo dyes are widely used to treat textiles, leather articles, and some foods.
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Azo dye presentation
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Vat dye
Vat dyes are insoluble in water but can be converted to soluble leuco compounds using reducing agents like sodium hydrosulphite and caustic soda. These leuco compounds are applied to cotton and oxidized back to insoluble dyes. Vat dyes are classified by application temperature and chemical requirements, with IK requiring the lowest temperatures and chemicals and IN-Special requiring the highest. The vat dyeing process involves vatting to solubilize the dye, dyeing to apply it to cotton, oxidation to fix it, and after treatment including soaping to improve fastness.
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The document provides an overview of reactive dyes:
1) Reactive dyes chemically bond to fibers through reactive groups that form covalent bonds with hydroxyl or amino groups on fibers like cotton, polyamide, and wool.
2) They were first invented in 1956 and provided brighter colors and better fastness than previous dyes.
3) Reactive dyes are now widely used for cellulosic fibers due to their brighter colors, good fastness properties, and simpler dyeing process compared to other dyes.
Color matching
This document discusses color matching in the textile industry. It defines color matching as the process of ensuring a color remains consistent when converted to different mediums. It is important for textiles to provide the required shade, avoid metamerism, be cost effective, and allow for color comparison. Computer color matching systems are highly accurate and commonly used in the industry. They involve a spectrophotometer to measure color, a computer, and color matching software. The systems allow for color prediction, difference calculation, metamerism determination, and more. Advantages of these systems include providing customers the exact shade wanted and choosing optimal formulations faster and with more options.
3 Bleaching Process .ppt
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Dynamic. Modular. Productive.
BoxLang redefines development with its dynamic nature, empowering developers to craft expressive and functional code effortlessly. Its modular architecture prioritizes flexibility, allowing for seamless integration into existing ecosystems.
Interoperability at its Core
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Multi-Runtime
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The Fusion of Modernity and Tradition
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Empowering Transition with Transpiler Support
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Unlocking Creativity with IDE Tools
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