This document discusses different classifications of contracts. It begins by defining express and implied promises or contracts. Express contracts are those made in words, either written or oral, while implied contracts have acceptance or proposals made without words. The document then covers classifications based on enforceability and validity. It defines valid contracts as those that are enforceable by law if they meet requirements of free consent, lawful consideration, lawful object and are not declared void. Void contracts cease to be enforceable and become void. Voidable contracts are enforceable at the option of one or more parties but not others.

1. Classification of
Contracts
Preeti Kana Sikder
Lecturer
Department of Law & Justice
Jahangirnagar University

2. Section 9: Promises, express
and implied
In so far as the proposal or
acceptance of any promise is
made in words, the promise is
said to be express.
In so far as such proposal or
acceptance is made otherwise
than in words, the promise is said
to be implied.

3. Classification regarding mode
of creation
Express
Contract
Implied
Contract

4. Express Contract
When the proposal or acceptance
of any promise is made in words,
the contract is deemed to be an
express contract.
It can be of two types:
Written Contract;
Oral Contract.

5. Implied Contract
When the proposal or acceptance is
made otherwise than in words, it is
deemed to be an implied contract.
Think of an example…

6. Implied Contract
When the proposal or acceptance is
made otherwise than in words, it is
deemed to be an implied contract.
A shoe shiner starts polishing the
shoes of a person standing before him
and that person allows him to do so
keeping his silence.

7. Classification regarding
enforceability and validity
Chapter
II of
Contract
Act

8. Classification regarding
enforceability and validity
Valid Contract
Void contract
Voidable Contract

9. Valid Contract
An agreement enforceable by law.
Section 10 of the Contract Act reads:
All agreements are contracts if they are
made by the free consent of parties
competent to contract, for a lawful
consideration and with a lawful object,
and are not hereby expressly declared
to be void.

10. Void Contract
Section 2 (j) reads: A contract which
ceases to be enforceable by law
becomes void when it ceases to be
enforceable.
Two stages of declaring a contract to
be void:
There shall be a valid contract in the
beginning
It must cease to be enforceable by law

11. Voidable Contract
 Section 2 (i) reads: An agreement which is
enforceable by law at the option of one or more of the
parties thereto, but not at the option of the other or
others, is a voidable contract.
 A contract has to be enforceable at first, then if it can
be set aside by one or more of the parties.
 Upon which party the power of validating or
dismissing the agreement can rest upon will be
determined by law.
 The status of a voidable contract is temporary, either
it becomes a valid contract or void agreement.

12. What is a Void Agreement?

13. Void ab initio
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