This document outlines an EWRT 1A class agenda that focuses on writing a concept essay. It includes discussing vocabulary words, presentations on sample concept essays, and an in-class writing exercise. Students will work in groups to analyze the sample essays, discuss the basic features of a concept essay, and draft a focused concept and thesis statement for their own essays. The document provides examples of effective theses and outlines a process for students to develop a working thesis and tentative outline for their concept essays. Homework includes continuing to read the assigned text, posting writing from the in-class exercise, finding more examples of their concept, and choosing a contrasting concept.
You can spend only 2 minutes of your time watching and learning on how to write a good essay. We also recommend to read an article https://essay-academy.com/account/blog/how-to-write-a-good-essay
You can spend only 2 minutes of your time watching and learning on how to write a good essay. We also recommend to read an article https://essay-academy.com/account/blog/how-to-write-a-good-essay
Philosophy 101 Ethics Paper Reminder about Essay FormatI. Sho.docxrandymartin91030
Philosophy 101 Ethics Paper
Reminder about Essay Format
I. Short INTRODUCTION with Your THESIS (i.e. your opinion about the right course of action)
II. Your first main REASON (relate to a theory such Utilitarianism, Reiman, Kant, Warren...)
III. Your second main REASON (relate to a theory such as Kantian ethics, Thomson, ...)
IV. An OBJECTION (how an opponent such as Sanctity of Life theorists, abolitionists, pro-choice advocates, Gelernter, Marquis, English ... might object to your view)
V. Your REPLY to this objection (how you would defend your view against the criticism)
VI. Short CONCLUSION
Paper Requirements:
Write a 3-5 page essay on one of the paper topics below. In this paper, you should discuss theories of two or three philosophers which we have discussed in class. You should incorporate into your paper some key ideas and central points made by at least two articles which have been assigned; parenthetical notation will be sufficient for citing any sources contained in our textbook. Outside sources, if used, must be properly cited. If no outside sources are used, then no bibliography is needed.
Paper format: typed, double-spaced, 12-point font Times Roman, with one inch margins and pages numbered. Label your paragraphs Introduction, Reason 1, Reason 2, Objection, Reply to Objection and Conclusion. For an example of how to label your paragraphs, please see the sample essay in the Essay folder.
Paper Topics
1. Abortion and Genetic Disease: Ann is a genetic carrier of a particular kind of muscular dystrophy. Duchene’s muscular dystrophy is a sex-linked disease that is inherited through the mother. Only males develop the disease, and each male child has a 50 percent chance of having it. The disease causes muscle weakness and often some mental retardation. It causes death through respiratory failure, usually in early adulthood. Ann is pregnant and does not want to risk having a child with this condition so she plans to use prenatal diagnosis and then to abort the fetus if it is male. Would Ann’s abortion be morally permissible?
2. Down Syndrome fetus - Mary and Phil wanted a third child and were delighted to discover that Mary became pregnant. However, during the fifth month of pregnancy, diagnostic tests revealed that the fetus was a boy with Down syndrome. The couple desire another child but do not want the added responsibility of taking care of a mentally retarded son. They decide to have an abortion and to try again to conceive another child, hoping for a normal infant next time. Is this case of abortion morally permissible?
3. Incompetent mother? – Tina has a history of drug abuse and prostitution. She has little education, a low IQ, and the emotional maturity of a ten-year-old. Her mother is Tina’s only living relative. Although Tina’s mother helps her daughter out by giving her a place to stay, her mother is on welfare and has little resources to share. At the age of 19, Tina becomes pregnant and .
Literature ReviewsPlanning and Writing Them1You’ve.docxsmile790243
Literature Reviews
Planning and Writing Them
1
You’ve done the hard part!
You did your secondary research with your annotated bibliography
Now, take that research and compile it into a cohesive, useful narrative that explains the “conversation” around the topic you’re going to be looking into
2
What is a lit review?
Lit reviews usually are at the beginnings of research articles
Summarize the “conversation” on the subject and establish why your study is important
Look at Zakreski article, Greene article – see in the beginning of their articles, they summarize and explain what others have had to say about the topic
Your annotated bib should easily transition into what will be the first part of your paper, the literature review.
Duggar has lots of citations; 16 in her bib. She talks about lots of different ideas here to lay the groundwork for what she is going to do
Greene has fewer, but has more to say about them
3
Three functions of a lit review
Your literature review will become the first part of your research paper. Thus, it should do three things:
Include a short introduction that defines or identifies the general topic, issue, or area of concern, thus providing an appropriate context for reviewing the literature (this is called establishing a territory)
Synthesize other research on the topic, explaining what is known about it
Conclude by stating what is missing, what is controversial, what is not yet known, or what needs to be resolved in the discussion. This will provide the transition later to your own study and your research questions (this is called “establishing a niche”)
4
How do I write it?
Your literature review should synthesize all the information from your annotated bibliography
You can organize the information chronologically
You can organize the information by topic
by least-most recent studies or vice versa; clump everything by what was found, what
5
How do I write it, con’t
Your lit review should have an intro, body, and conclusion
This is not true of ALL lit reviews, but it is a good general rule to follow
The intro will serve at the intro to your paper
The body will establish the “conversation”
The conclusion will serve to transition your paper into a discussion of your study
The body can (and probably should) have multiple paragraphs, based on how you’ve organized it
6
About the conclusion
In the conclusion, you want to establish why your study is important
You need to somehow point out a gap in the knowledge, a question you have about other research, or a counter-point you want to raise
If you can’t prove that your study authentically adds to the conversation, then you really shouldn’t be doing the research
Leads to your methods section
7
Example lit reviews
See the link on Isidore on the “Info on Lit Reviews” page, “Example Lit Review”
From York College in New York – web.York.cuny.edu/~washton/student/Org-Behavior/lit_rev_eg.pdf
Also see https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/res ...
Chapter 11Presenting Your ResearchResearch is complete onlshpopkinkz
Chapter 11
Presenting Your Research
Research is complete only when the results are shared with the scientific community.
-American Psychological Association
Imagine that you have identified an interesting research question, reviewed the relevant literature, designed and conducted an empirical study, analyzed the data, and drawn your conclusions. There is still one more step in the process of conducting scientific research. It is time to add your research to the literature so that others can learn from it and build on it. Remember that science is a social process—a large-scale collaboration among many researchers distributed across space and time. For this reason, it could be argued that unless you make your research public in some form, you are not really engaged in science at all.
In this chapter, we look at how to present your research effectively. We begin with a discussion of American Psychological Association (APA) style—the primary approach to writing taken by researchers in psychology and related fields. Then we consider how to write an APA-style empirical research report. Finally, we look at some of the many other ways in which researchers present their work, including review and theoretical articles, theses and other student papers, and talks and posters at professional meetings.
This text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work’s original creator or licensee.
Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/books
Saylor.org
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11.1 American Psychological Association (APA) Style
1. Define APA style and list several of its most important characteristics.
2. Identify three levels of APA style and give examples of each.
3. Identify multiple sources of information about APA style.
LEARNIN G OBJE CTIVE S
What Is APA Style?
APA style is a set of guidelines for writing in psychology and related fields. These guidelines are set down in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA,
2006). [1] The Publication Manual originated in 1929 as a short journal article that provided basic
standards for preparing manuscripts to be submitted for publication (Bentley et al., 1929). [2] It was later expanded and published as a book by the association and is now in its sixth edition. The primary purpose of APA style is to facilitate scientific communication by promoting clarity of expression and by standardizing the organization and content of research articles and book chapters. It is easier to write about research when you know what information to present, the order in which to present it, and even the style in which to present it. Likewise, it is easier to read about research when it is presented in familiar and expected ways.
APA style is best thought of as a “genre” of writing that is appropriate for presenting the results of psychological research—especially in academic and professional contexts. It is not ...
2. AGENDA
S Vocabulary (10-13)
S Presentation:
S Friedman: Anecdotes; Compare and Contrast
S Holmes: Illustrations and Examples
S Basic Features
S Discussion: Ways to begin your concept essay.
S In-Class Writing:
S Focusing your Concept
S Writing your Thesis
S Outlining
4. “Born to Be Happy, Through a
Twist of Human Hard Wire”
Richard A. Friedman
SGet into groups of three
or four to discuss this
essay and answer
questions.
5. Take 10 minutes to discuss the
following among yourselves.
• First, briefly summarize the story
• What is the concept about which Friedman writes?
• Which anecdotes does Friedman use to help explain the concept
to his readers?
• What other concepts does Friedman compare and contrast to his
concept? Why does he do this?
• How does he focus his concept?
• Which terms does he define?
6. “In The Blink of an Eye”
Bob Holmes
S Get back into your groups to
discuss this essay and answer
questions.
7. Take 10 Minutes to Answer
These Questions
S First, summarize the story.
S How does Holmes focus his concept?
S Which terms does he define and why?
S How do the pictures and graphs work to
enhance his explanation of his concept?
8. The Basic Features of the
Concept Essay
S A Focused Concept
S An Appeal to Readers’
Interests
S A Logical Plan
S Clear Definitions
S Appropriate Writing
Strategies
S Classification
S Process Narration
S Comparison and Contrast
S Cause and Effect
S Careful Use of Sources
9. Get Back Into Your Groups
S Read Aloud “Basic Features: Explaining a
Concept” pages 164-65
S When you finish, discuss each feature, noting
how you will integrate each one into your own
essay.
S Take notes about your own writing while you
discuss.
10. A Focused Concept
S Concepts can be approached from many
perspectives (for example, history, definition, known
causes or effects), and you cannot realistically
explain every aspect of any concept, so you must
limit your explanation to reflect both your special
interest in the concept and your readers’ likely
knowledge and interest.
11. S Make a list of two or three aspects of the
concept that could become a focus for
your essay, and evaluate what you know
about each aspect.
S Under each possible focus in your list,
make notes about why it interests you, what
you know about it already, and what
questions you want to answer about it.
12. Testing Your Choice
Get together with one or two other students to find out what your readers are
likely to know about your subject and what might interest them about it.
Presenters:
Take turns briefly explaining your concept, describing your intended readers, and
identifying the aspect of the concept that you will focus on.
Listeners:
Briefly tell the presenter whether the focus sounds appropriate and interesting for
the intended readers. Share what you think readers are likely to know about the
concept and what information might be especially interesting to them.
13. Formulating a Working
Thesis Statement
Refer to our model essays to see
how others handle a thesis for this
kind of essay
14. In his essay on cannibalism, Ngo offers his thesis
statement in paragraph six:
Cannibalism can be broken down into two main categories:
exocannibalism, the eating of outsiders or foreigners, and
endocannibalism, the eating of members of one’s own social
group (Shipman 70). Within these categories are several
functional types of cannibalism, three of the most common being
survival cannibalism, dietary cannibalism, and religious and
ritual cannibalism.
Ngo’s concept is cannibalism; his focus is on functional
cannibalism.
He has two categories: Endo and Exocannibalism
He has three types: Survival, dietary, and religious/ritual
cannibalism
In his thesis, he carefully forecasts both how he will divide the
information to create topics and the order in which he will explain
each of the topics
15. S O.K., let’s cut out all this nonsense about romantic
love. Let’s bring some scientific precision to the party.
Let’s put love under a microscope. When rigorous
people with Ph.D.'s after their names do that, what they
see is not some silly, senseless thing. No, their probe
reveals that love rests firmly on the foundations of
evolution, biology and chemistry.
Toufexis’s concept is love, and her focus is the scientific explanation of
love—specifically the evolution, biology, and chemistry of love. In
announcing her focus, she forecasts the order in which she will present
information from the three most relevant academic disciplines—
anthropology (human evolution), biology, and chemistry. These
discipline names become her topics.
Anastasia Toufexis begins her essay with her thesis statement:
16. The Challenge: Draft your working thesis in ten
minutes
S As you draft your own tentative thesis statement, take care to
make the language clear. Although you may want to revise your
thesis statement as you draft your essay, trying to state it now
will give your planning and drafting more focus and direction.
Keep in mind that the thesis in an explanatory essay, such as a
concept essay, merely announces the subject; it never asserts
a position that requires an argument to defend it.
S Write one or more sentences, stating your focused concept,
that could serve as a thesis statement Forecast the topics you
will use to explain the concept.
17. NGO
S Cannibalism can be broken down
into two main categories:
exocannibalism, the eating of
outsiders or foreigners, and
endocannibalism, the eating of
members of one’s own social
group (Shipman 70). Within
these categories are several
functional types of cannibalism,
three of the most common being
survival cannibalism, dietary
cannibalism, and religious and
ritual cannibalism
Toufexis
S O.K., let’s cut out all this
nonsense about romantic love.
Let’s bring some scientific
precision to the party. Let’s put
love under a microscope.
When rigorous people with
Ph.D.'s after their names do
that, what they see is not some
silly, senseless thing. No, their
probe reveals that love rests
firmly on the foundations of
evolution, biology and
chemistry.
18. Your Thesis is a Map to Your Essay
Once you have your working thesis written, you
can make a tentative outline.
Introduction
Extended Anecdote
Thesis
Category 1
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
Category 2
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
Repeat if Necessary
Conclusion
19. HOMEWORK
S Read: HG through chapter 22
S Post #10: Finish and post your in-class writing: Focused concept, thesis,
anecdotes
S Find three more examples of your concept in HG. Endeavor to find
examples to represent your classifications or categories.
S Post #11 Choose another concept to compare and contrast with yours for the
purpose of demonstrating differences.
S Study: Vocab (1-18)