The document outlines the agenda for Day 11 of an EWRT 1A class. It includes a quiz on Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, a review of essay outlines and conclusions, and instruction on using anecdotes, examples, illustrations, and appositives in writing drafts. Students are provided examples of these writing techniques and homework includes posting appositive phrases and conclusions to the class discussion.

1. +
EWRT 1A
Day 11

2. +
AGENDA
 Quiz
 Essay Review
 Anecdotes, Examples,
Illustrations
 Conclusions
 Appositives
 Writing the draft
 Tips for writing your essay
Agenda

3. +
HAGRID-SIZED HPPOA Final Quiz!
 1. What is a “Firebolt”? Who (do we later learn) gave Harry his Firebolt?
 2. What animal does Harry’s Patronus turn out to be?
 3. What “joke” did Harry’s dad and his friends (try to) play on Snape?
 4. Which House wins the Quidditch Cup?
 5. What class does Hermione finally drop out of?
 6. Who does Scabbers turn out to be (really)?
 7. Who suggests to Hermione and Harry that they go back in time to save Sirius and
Buckbeak?
 8. Who summoned the strong Patronus that saved Harry from the dementor’s kiss?
 9. What is Sirius’s final gift to Harry (before he goes on the lam)?

4. +Your Outline
Introduction
Extended Anecdote? Or?
Thesis
 Category 1
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
Category 2
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
Repeat if Necessary
Conclusion

5. +Make sure to use these writing tools to explain
your concept. There are examples of each in the
next slides.
Extended
Anecdote
Definitions
Examples
 Illustrations
See the St. Martin’s Guide, “Basic Features” in the Concept Essay
chapter for more information about how to use each strategy.

6. +
The Introduction:
Extended Anecdote: Ngo
Fifty-five Vietnamese refugees fled to Malaysia on a small
fishing boat to escape communist rule in their country following
the Vietnam War. During their escape attempt, the captain was
shot by the coast guard. The boat and its passengers managed
to outrun the coast guard to the open sea, but they had lost the
only person who knew the way to Malaysia, the captain. The
men onboard tried to navigate the boat, but after a week fuel
ran out, and they drifted farther out to sea. Their supply of food
and water was gone; people were starving, and some of the
elderly were near death.

7. +
Definition
Cannibalism, the act of human beings eating
human flesh (Sagan 2), has a long history and
continues to hold interest and create controversy.
Survival cannibalism occurs when people trapped
without food have to decide “whether to start or
eat fellow humans” (Shipman 70).

8. +
Examples: Ngo
Another case of survival cannibalism occurred in 1945, when
General Douglas MacArthur’s forces cut supply lines to
Japanese troops stationed in the Pacific Islands. In one incident,
Japanese troops were reported to have sacrificed the Arapesh
people of northeastern New Guinea for food in order to avoid
death by starvation (Tuzin 63). The most famous example of
survival cannibalism in American history comes from the diaries,
letters, and interviews of survivors of the California-bound
Donner Party, who in the winter of 1846 were snowbound in the
Sierra Nevada Mountains for five months. Thirty-five of eighty-
seven adults and children died, and some of them were eaten
(Hart 116–117; Johnson).

9. + Illustration: Toufexis
Does this chart help
readers understand
what Toufexis is saying
about her concept?

10. +
Would an image
or diagram help
you to explain
your concept?

11. +Writing Opportunity:
What will you use?
Write out the following:
Extended Anecdote?
Will you begin your essay this way?
Examples?
Which?
How many?
Visual Illustrations?
Your own?
Someone else’s?

12. +
Essay Review
 An attempt to gain readers’ interest in the introduction could take as little as
two or three sentences or as many as four or five paragraphs.
 The thesis statement and definition are usually quite brief—sometimes only
a few sentences.
 A topic illustration (by example) may occupy one or several paragraphs,
and there can be few or many topics, depending on how the information
has been divided up.
NEW: Conclusion
 A conclusion might summarize the information presented, give advice about
how to use or apply the information, or speculate about the future of the
concept.

13. +
Conclusions

14. +
Should I end with speculation, as Ngo does?
Members of developed societies in general practice
none of these forms of cannibalism, with the
occasional exception of survival cannibalism when
the only alternative is starvation. It is possible,
however, that our distant-past ancestors were
cannibals who through the eons turned away from
the practice. We are, after all, descended from the
same ancestors as the Miyanmin, the Alligator, and
the Leopard people, and survival cannibalism shows
that people are capable of eating human flesh when
they have no other choice.

15. + Should I frame the essay by relating the ending to the beginning,
as Toufexis does?
 O.K., let’s cut out all this nonsense about romantic love. Let’s bring some
scientific precision to the party. Let’s put love under a microscope. When
rigorous people with Ph.D.s after their names do that, what they see is not
some silly, senseless thing. No, their probe reveals that love rests firmly on
the foundations of evolution, biology and chemistry. What seems on the
surface to be irrational, intoxicated behavior is in fact part of nature’s master
strategy—a vital force that has helped humans survive, thrive and multiply
through thousands of years. Says Michael Mills, a psychology professor at
Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles: “Love is our ancestors
whispering in our ears.”
 O.K., that’s the scientific point of view. Satisfied? Probably not. To most
people—with or without Ph.D.s—love will always be more than the sum of its
natural parts. It’s a commingling of body and soul, reality and imagination,
poetry and phenylethylamine. In our deepest hearts, most of us harbor the
hope that love will never fully yield up its secrets, that it will always elude our
grasp.

16. +
Or do you have another idea?
Take this opportunity to draft your
conclusion.

17. +
NEW SKILL:
Sentence Strategy
Appositives

18. + A Sentence Strategy: Appositives
SMG 177-79
 As you draft an essay explaining a concept, you have a lot of
information to present, such as definitions of terms and
credentials of experts. Appositives provide an efficient, clear
way to integrate these kinds of information into your
sentences. An appositive is a noun or pronoun that, along with
modifiers, gives more information about another noun or
pronoun. Here is an example from Ngo’s concept essay (the
appositive is in italics and the noun it refers to is underlined):
 Cannibalism, the act of human beings eating human
flesh(Sagan 2), has a long history and continues to hold
interest and create controversy. (Ngo paragraph 5)

19. +
By placing the definition in an appositive phrase right after
the word it defines, this sentence locates the definition
exactly where readers need it. Writers explaining concepts
rely on appositives because they serve many different
purposes needed in concept essays, as the following
examples demonstrate. (Again, the appositive is in italics
and the noun it refers to is underlined.)
Defining a New Term
 Some researchers believe hyperthymics may be at
increased risk of depression or hypomania, a mild variant
of mania (Friedman, Paragraph 5).
 Cannibalism can be broken down into two main
categories: exocannibalism, the eating of outsiders of
foreigners, and endocannibalism, the eating of members
of one’s own social group (Shipman 70). (Ngo paragraph,
6)

20. +
Each person carries in his or her mind a unique
subliminal guide to the ideal partner, a “love
map.” (Toufexis, paragraph 17)
Introducing a New Term
“Love is a natural high,” observes Anthony Walsh, author
of The Science of Love: Understanding Love and Its
Effects on Mind and Body. (Toufexis, paragraph 10)
Giving Credentials of Experts

21. Identifying People and Things
When I was in high school I read the Robert Browning
Poem ‘My Last Duchess.’ In it, the narrator said he killed
his wife, the duchess, because . . .(Friedman,
Paragraph 2).
Giving Examples or Specifics
Some 2,400 years ago, Hippocrates proposed that a
mixture of four basic humors—blood, phlegm, yellow
bile, and black bile—determined human
temperament…(Friedman, paragraph 6)

22. + Try it!
Try writing several
appositive phrases.
 Defining a term
 Introducing a new term
 Giving the credentials of
experts
 Identifying people and things
 Giving examples or specifics
Use the examples as
models.
Defining a New Term
Some researchers believe hyperthymics may be at increased risk of
depression or hypomania, a mild variant of mania (Friedman, Paragraph
5).
Cannibalism can be broken down into two main categories:
exocannibalism, the eating of outsiders of foreigners, and
endocannibalism, the eating of members of one’s own social group
(Shipman 70). (Ngo paragraph, 6)
 Each person carries in his or her mind a unique subliminal guide
to the ideal partner, a “love map.” (Toufexis, paragraph 17)
Introducing a New Term
 “Love is a natural high,” observes Anthony Walsh, author of The
Science of Love: Understanding Love and Its Effects on Mind and
Body. (Toufexis, paragraph 10)
Giving Credentials of Experts
Identifying People and Things
 When I was in high school I read the Robert Browning Poem ‘My
Last Duchess.’ In it, the narrator said he killed his wife, the duchess,
because . . .(Friedman, Paragraph 2).
Giving Examples or Specifics
 Some 2,400 years ago, Hippocrates proposed that a mixture of four
basic humors—blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile—
determined human temperament…(Friedman, paragraph 6)

23. +
Tips for writing your essay
 Begin with a long anecdote to draw the reader into your
essay.
 Write a thesis that includes all of the categories you will
discuss.
 Use examples and definitions to make your point.
 Use appositives to describe nouns and eliminate
wordiness.

24. +
Homework
Discussion #14: Post a list of five
appositive phrases you have
included in your essay.
Discussion #15: Your
Conclusion
We WILL have class on Tuesday,
February 20th (sorry). I will review
some of this stuff, we will talk about
citation and Works Cited, and then
we will have a P2 draft work day.
Bring a copy of your draft to work
on (paper or electronic).