The document provides an overview of child development theories, emphasizing the information processing theory which likens brain function to computer processing, and Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory that highlights the interplay between environment and biology in shaping development. It outlines various systems such as microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem that affect a child's growth. Additionally, it summarizes key 20th-century theories in psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and biology.

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TOPIC:
Overview of
Child Development &
Theories
UGC & NCVET Recognized Skills University Sectoral Skilling Partner

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3. Information Processing Theory
 Uses the model of the computer to describe
how the brain works.
 Focuses on how information is perceived,
how information is stored in memory, how
memories are retrieved and then used to
solve problems.

4. Systems Theory
The belief that development can't be
explained by a single concept, but rather by a
complex system.

5. Urie Bronfenbrenner
Ecological Systems Theory
 The varied systems of the
environment and the
interrelationships among the
systems shape a child's
development.
 Both the environment and biology
influence the child's development.
 The environment affects the child
and the child influences the
environment.

6. Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Model
 The microsystem - activities and
interactions in the child's immediate
surroundings: parents, school,
friends, etc.
 The mesosystem - relationships
among the entities involved in the
child's microsystem: parents'
interactions with teachers, a school's
interactions with the daycare
provider
 The exosystem - social institutions
which affect children indirectly: the
parents' work settings and policies,
extended family networks, mass
media, community resources
 The macrosystem - broader cultural
values, laws and governmental
resources
 The chronosystem - changes which
occur during a child's life, both
personally, like the birth of a sibling
and culturally, like the Iraqi war.

7. Outline of 20th Century Theories
 Psychoanalytical Theories
 Psychosexual: Sigmund Freud
 Psychosocial: Erik Erikson
 Behavioral & Social Learning Theories
 Behaviorism: Classical Conditioning - John Watson &
Operant Conditioning - B.F. Skinner
 Social Learning - Albert Bandera
 Biological Theories
 Maturationism: G. Stanley Hall & Arnold Gesell
 Ethology: Konrad Lorenz
 Attachment: John Bowlby

8. www.counselindia.com
TOPIC:
Research strategies:
common research
methods
(By: Himanshi Singh)
UGC & NCVET Recognized Skills University Sectoral Skilling Partner

9. Common Research Methods
 Systematic Observation

10. Question
 You want to study the thoughts and feelings of
children who have a parent on active duty in
military. Which method should you use? why?

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