The document discusses a criminal case in the city of Centervale. It describes the murder of Cindy Jones five years ago and the recent conviction of Jason Rivers for her murder. It outlines citizens' concerns about crime and the criminal justice system in Centervale following Rivers' early release and subsequent assault. These concerns include distrust of law enforcement due to a former detective's prior conduct. The document proposes a Citizen's Academy to address citizens' issues and educate them about challenges faced by criminal justice professionals.

1. CJA 498 Module 1 Assignment 3 History Past
and Future
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CJA 498 Module 1 Assignment 3 History Past and Future
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CJA 498 Module 2 Assignment 2 Criminal
Justice Tree
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2. Different agencies in the criminal justice system have different
functions, methodologies, and manners of functioning, even though the
overall mission of all agencies is public safety.
The federal, state, and local entities have different functions even though
their goals are the same—public safety, security, and welfare. The
federal, state, and local authorities are often barred from working on the
same type of cases, but, in many instances, they assist one another and
compliment the efforts of one another with their specialized knowledge,
training, capabilities, and resources. Additionally, different agencies
from different levels of the government bring their own contacts,
thought processes, and specializations that are unavailable elsewhere in
an effort to fight crime.
Tasks:
Using the readings from the textbook, the Argosy University online
library resources, and other outside sources, write a 2–3-page report
including the following:
Identify and examine one agency from the local, state, and federal levels
of law enforcement that focuses on a crime of your choice.
Compare and contrast the roles and authority of these agencies. (For
example, if you are interested in animals and nature, you might examine
a local animal control or humane agency, your state's game warden
service, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service).
Compare and contrast the different jurisdictions, duties, and resources
used by the city, county, and federal agencies that might investigate a
kidnapping, robbery, or potential act of terror.

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CJA 498 Module 3 Assignment 2 LASA 1 A
High-Profile Centervale Murder Case Takes
Center Stage
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Here's What Happened . . .
The murder of Cindy Jones, a young woman, stunned the community in
Centervale. Five years ago, a young woman was found strangled to
death in her car outside a grocery store in Centervale. For the past five
years, the Centervale Police Department (CPD) has worked tirelessly to
develop leads toward the identification of a suspect. Last year, the CPD
officials got a break when the State Crime Lab notified the lead
detective that the DNA sample recovered from the purse strap found
around Jones's neck indicated the involvement of Jason Rivers.
The District Attorney's (DA's) office has never had a case like this
before. Jones came from an honorable family in the community and
Rivers is a mentally challenged, middle-aged man who lives with his

4. father far from the grocery store. Rivers had been arrested more than
twenty-five times before the death of Jones. Centervale detectives have
surmised that Rivers happened to be in the area of the grocery store
where he supposedly encountered Jones.
Upon arrest, Rivers was found to be incompetent to proceed to trial and
a judge remanded him to a state custody. Recently, doctors at the State
Mental Health Hospital sent a notice that Rivers was no longer suffering
from the effects of substance abuse and is competent to stand trial. A
judge ruled in accordance with the doctors and the case was put on the
docket for trial.
During jury selection, the voir dire consisted of questions about how
potential jurors felt about law enforcement-related TV shows. During
the presentation of the case, the State introduced the jury to the DNA
evidence and other important physical evidence in the case. Rivers did
not take the stand and the defense rested on the claim that Rivers's DNA
got on the purse strap when he accidently bumped into Jones at the
checkout lane of the grocery store while she was putting groceries into
her grocery cart.
The defense also attacked the CPD because a former detective who
worked on the Jones crime scene was convicted of domestic violence
and assault on a female since the murder.
The defense also called into question the credibility and integrity of the
former detective because he was alleged to have been romantically
interested in Jones before her death. In fact, Jones had spoken with a
CPD official, off the record, about the harassing phone calls she received
from the former detective, although nothing was done by the department
to stop the calls.
Here Is What You Need to Do . . .

5. You are an intern working in the DA's office. The DA has asked you to
help him assemble information about current trends in criminal justice
that relate to the Jones murder case.
Using in-text citations to cite all sources that are linked to a
corresponding reference on a separate page of the report, compose a 5-
to 6-page report using APA format, addressing the following:
Compare and contrast the current trends surrounding the murder of
Jones and violent crimes against individuals in the U.S. In addition,
identify and discuss issues surrounding the mentally challenged and
crime, specifically violent crimes against individuals. Support your
position with empirical research from academic sources.
Define and discuss the CSI effect. What challenges might the court face
as a result of the CSI effect? Identify and analyze two challenges that the
prosecution might face and two challenges that the defense might
experience due to the influence of the CSI effect in the courtroom.
Evaluate the importance of credibility and integrity of law enforcement
professionals. Analyze and discuss the role a law enforcement officer's
off-duty behavior plays in the establishment of his or her credibility and
integrity in the courtroom. Compare and contrast the issues in the Jones
murder case with a similar case you find online.
Based on what you know about the criminal justice system's current
trends in the courts and corrections, predict the outcome of the trial of
Rivers. If Rivers is convicted of first-degree murder, then mention the
type of sentence he might face.
Use your state's statute as a guideline for sentencing structure in this
type of case.

6. Compare your state's general sentencing guideline with another state's
sentence for first-degree murder.
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CJA 498 Module 4 Assignment 2 Balancing
Values
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Back sTory
When state budgets get tight, people's attitudes on the cost of
incarceration versus their attitude on alternatives to incarceration tend to
change. This assignment discusses the choices available to citizens when
the priorities on alternatives to incarceration conflict with each other.
Tasks:
Write a 2- to 3-page report, including the following:
Examine people's attitude toward the cost of incarceration versus their
attitude toward alternatives to incarceration, especially when budgets
shrink. How does the public's attitude toward incarceration and its

7. alternatives compare to the "Get Tough on Crime" and the "Three
Strikes" laws?
Do you place more value upon incapacitation or upon rehabilitation and
correction? In the end, which works better, or do they work best together
in some combination or hierarchy? Support your responses with
evidence from the readings for the course or other credible sources.
Discuss one article from real life (located using the readings from the
textbook, Argosy University online library resources, and any other
credible outside sources) demonstrating how some communities have
resolved the conflict in corrections between incapacitation and
correction.
Consider the parks versus prison conundrum. Do we spend more on
parks so as to nurture better society or more for prisons to remove and
restrain the evildoers? Are people born criminals or can their
environment—more parks, more employment, or educational
opportunities—deter or reduce crime and criminality?
Should communities ask for flexibility on laws that make crime
punishable? Support your responses with evidence from the readings for
the course or other credible sources.
Should communities outsource prison operations or do they agree to
increase taxes to maintain the incarceration rates? Support your
responses with evidence from the readings for the course or other
credible sources.
Analyze and explain whether community leaders (the politicians,
criminal justice professionals, community members, and businesses)
need to think of other solutions instead of punishment as an option for
offenders.

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CJA 498 Module 5 Assignment 1 LASA 2
Centervale’s Citizens Fear of Crime
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The murder of Jones sent shock waves through the city of Centervale.
Jason Rivers was convicted of second-degree murder and was sentenced
to six years in prison.
In a strange twist of fate, the state legislature created a new law that
addressed multiyear prison sentences, as the state legislature struggled to
meet budgetary constraints, by releasing offenders who serve half their
sentence if the offenders had no infractions within ninety days of the
time they come up for release. Rivers was released after serving three
and half years in prison. Unfortunately, within weeks, Rivers brutally
assaulted an elderly female in an attempted robbery and his parole was
revoked.
The case of Rivers has become the "poster child" for opponents of the
new legislation who argue that criminal justice research shows offender
recidivism rates are very high for violent offenders. On the other hand,

9. proponents of the new legislation stand on the claim that Rivers is a
victim because he did not have adequate programming available to him
during his youth that would have steered him clear of criminal behavior;
he should be given alternative sanctions to address his issues.
Citizens of Centervale approach the mayor and other city officials with
concerns about how the police department operates in Centervale. Some
of the citizens want a transparent police department and more stringent
background checks before officers are hired. This move comes on the
heels of the former detective whose off-duty behavior was brought to the
forefront during the murder trial of Rivers.
Citizens are concerned that crime is out of control in Centervale.
Citizens are also disappointed by the new legislation that created the
situation for Rivers's release because the elderly female who was
victimized in the robbery was a beloved, retired, first-grade teacher in
the Centervale Elementary School. Overall, citizens are showing little
support for local and state law enforcement and are demonstrating little
faith in the criminal justice system after the assault on the elderly
woman.
As an intern for the DA's office, it is part of your duty to help the DA
reach out to citizens in the community. The DA, the Chief of Police, and
the Mayor have met on the issues raised by the citizens of Centervale.
The DA's office is planning a Citizen's Academy in partnership with the
Centervale Police Department.
The goal is not only to address the issues that citizens have with law
enforcement and the criminal justice system, but also to educate citizens
about the obstacles and challenges that criminal justice professionals
face in trying to do the right thing for the community, while balancing
numerous variables that are out of their control

10. Tasks
Using in-text citations to cite all sources that are linked to a
corresponding reference on a separate page of the report, compose a 8-
to 10-page report using APA format, addressing the following:
Evaluate and discuss the totality of the situation presented here in LASA
1 and LASA 2. What patterns and cycles can you identify that relate to
patterns and cycles in the trends of the US Criminal Justice System?
Discuss a minimum of two patterns from the historical perspective to
create a foundation for the remainder of your report on the overarching
issues.
Analyze and discuss the damaging effects of corruption on law
enforcement by relating this issue to the arrest of a law enforcement
officer for a high-profile crime—property, violent, or white collar.
Explain how an officer's choices and behavior might affect an entire law
enforcement agency, its reputation in the community, agency funding,
and other community or criminal justice-related issues.
Discuss how the legislature defines criminal behavior and how money
influences every decision they make for the criminal justice system's
daily functions. (Often, citizens have no idea of the events going on in
their state capitals until new legislation is signed into law. This was the
case in Centervale when citizens learned of Rivers's release.) Suggest a
plan on how Centervale's criminal justice professionals can help to
bridge the gap between the legislature and the citizens by bringing more
awareness about legislation that might affect them before it is signed
into law (that is, public safety legislation, sentencing trends in
legislation, and crime control legislation).

11. Support your position on the early release of violent offenders from
prison with criminal justice research on recidivism and other pertinent
topics, such as budgetary constraints.
Analyze and discuss the citizens "fear of crime" concern that they have
brought to the Mayor and other city officials from the violent crime
standpoint. In addition, create recommendations as supported by
research and examples for how Centervale officials, including the DA's
office and CPD employees, can work together to restore the confidence
of the citizens. This move comes on the heels of the former detective
whose off-duty behavior was brought to the forefront during the murder
trial of Rivers. The detective used personal information he collected
during investigations to purchase personal items
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