CITRUS ANTHRACNOSE
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Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causes anthracnose disease in citrus plants. It can infect leaves, flowers, and fruits, causing circular light tan lesions on leaves and brown to black spots on fruits. The fungus spreads via airborne spores that are dispersed by water splashes. High humidity from 24-28°C and frequent rains promote disease development. Management strategies include pruning infected plant parts, fruit bagging, and fungicide sprays to control the disease.
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MANGO ANTHRACNOSE
This document discusses mango anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. It causes significant post-harvest losses of mangoes worldwide, ranging from 15-70% depending on conditions. Symptoms include dark spots on leaves, flowers, fruits and stems. Humid conditions from October to November favor disease development. Integrated management includes spraying fungicides like mancozeb and using hot water or fungicide dips to treat fruits before storage.
Guava diseases ppt
Wilt is a pernicious disease of guava in India.
In India the disease was first recorded near Allahabad in 1935 . The infection was reported 15 -30 %.
The disease is a serious threat to guava cultivation in U.P. In West Bengal it reduces the yield in affected orchard by 80% .
The disease is also prevalent in Haryana Rajasthan , A.P ,
Punjab and M.P.The exact cause of the disease is still not fully understood but the pathogens viz. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. psidii (Prasad, Mehta & Lal), Rhizoctonia spp. (Taub.) and various pathogens are reported by different workers may be the incitant of the disease.
Survival and spread:
Through movement of plants containing sick soil in virgin areas.
Short distance spread is by water.
Root injury predisposes wilt disease.
It has forced uprooting of about 150 acre of guava orchard in Panjab and 300 acres in Haryana during 1971-81.
Diseases of Mango
1) Anthracnose
2) Malformation
3) Bacterial Blight
4) Powdery Mildew
5) Stone Graft Mortality
6) Pink Disease
7) Die-back
8) Red rust
9) Loranthus or giant mistletoes
10) Spongy tissue of Mango
11) Lime-induced chlorosis
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The document discusses several diseases that affect mango plants: anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides which produces leaf spots and fruit rot; powdery mildew caused by Oidium mangiferae which affects leaves, flowers, and young fruits; mango malformation caused by Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans which results in stunted growth and malformed flowers and fruits; stem end rot caused by Botrydiplodia theobromae which causes rotting of the fruit; red rust caused by Cephaleurus mycoides which produces rust-colored spots on leaves; grey blight caused by Pestalotia mangiferae which causes brown leaf
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This document summarizes a doctoral seminar presentation on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense race TR4, a new threat to banana cultivation in Bihar, India. The presentation covers key details about banana cultivation in Bihar and India, important banana diseases, symptoms and spread of Panama wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense, races of the pathogen, its international spread and impact on banana production worldwide, and management strategies for fields infected with race TR4.
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This document discusses mango anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. It causes significant post-harvest losses of mangoes worldwide, ranging from 15-70% depending on conditions. Symptoms include dark spots on leaves, flowers, fruits and stems. Humid conditions from October to November favor disease development. Integrated management includes spraying fungicides like mancozeb and using hot water or fungicide dips to treat fruits before storage.
Guava diseases ppt
Wilt is a pernicious disease of guava in India.
In India the disease was first recorded near Allahabad in 1935 . The infection was reported 15 -30 %.
The disease is a serious threat to guava cultivation in U.P. In West Bengal it reduces the yield in affected orchard by 80% .
The disease is also prevalent in Haryana Rajasthan , A.P ,
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Survival and spread:
Through movement of plants containing sick soil in virgin areas.
Short distance spread is by water.
Root injury predisposes wilt disease.
It has forced uprooting of about 150 acre of guava orchard in Panjab and 300 acres in Haryana during 1971-81.
Diseases of Mango
1) Anthracnose
2) Malformation
3) Bacterial Blight
4) Powdery Mildew
5) Stone Graft Mortality
6) Pink Disease
7) Die-back
8) Red rust
9) Loranthus or giant mistletoes
10) Spongy tissue of Mango
11) Lime-induced chlorosis
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The document discusses several diseases that affect mango plants: anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides which produces leaf spots and fruit rot; powdery mildew caused by Oidium mangiferae which affects leaves, flowers, and young fruits; mango malformation caused by Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans which results in stunted growth and malformed flowers and fruits; stem end rot caused by Botrydiplodia theobromae which causes rotting of the fruit; red rust caused by Cephaleurus mycoides which produces rust-colored spots on leaves; grey blight caused by Pestalotia mangiferae which causes brown leaf
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This document discusses coconut basal stem rot, a destructive disease caused by the fungus Ganoderma lucidum. It first infects the roots and lower stem, causing internal rotting and reddish brown exudation from the stem. Older palms over 10 years are most susceptible. Symptoms also include leaf yellowing and drooping, arrested flower development, and root decay. The disease is managed through removal of infected palms, avoiding flood irrigation near infected trees, root feeding with fungicides, and applying compost amended with Trichoderma fungi or neem cake. Basal stem rot is a major threat to coconut production in southern India.
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This document summarizes a doctoral seminar presentation on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense race TR4, a new threat to banana cultivation in Bihar, India. The presentation covers key details about banana cultivation in Bihar and India, important banana diseases, symptoms and spread of Panama wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense, races of the pathogen, its international spread and impact on banana production worldwide, and management strategies for fields infected with race TR4.
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Microbes, Man and Environment (brown and white rot).pptx
1) Brown rot and white rot are important fungal diseases of stone fruits and apples respectively. Brown rot is caused by Monilinia fructicola and white rot is caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea.
2) Brown rot causes blossom and twig blight, cankers, and a fruit rot in stone fruits. White rot causes cankers in wood and a fruit rot in apples.
3) Both fungi overwinter in infected plant tissues like mummies and cankers. Spores are produced and dispersed during spring and summer, infecting blossoms and fruits. This can lead to new infections the following year, continuing the disease cycle.
pptno-14potato-210427070740.pptx
The document summarizes several potato crop diseases, their symptoms, causal agents, and management strategies. It discusses early blight caused by Alternaria solani, late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans, black scurf caused by Rhizoctonia solani, leaf roll caused by Potato leaf roll virus, and various mosaic viruses. It also covers bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. The diseases cause significant yield losses and their management involves crop rotation, resistant varieties, rogueing infected plants, soil treatment, and fungicide or insecticide application when needed.
Post harvest diseases of citrus and garlic
This document discusses post-harvest diseases of citrus and garlic. It provides details on 5 common citrus diseases - anthracnose, green mold, blue mold, sour rot, and Septoria spot caused by various fungi. It describes symptoms, taxonomy, and management strategies for each disease. For garlic, it covers 4 diseases - white rot, black mould rot, basal rot, and neck rot, with white rot caused by the fungus Sclerotium cepivorum discussed in detail including symptoms, epidemiology, and management approaches.
Waleed.pptx
This document summarizes several diseases that affect mangoes in Pakistan. It describes the causal organisms, symptoms, economic importance, and management strategies for anthracnose, powdery mildew, mango malformation, stem end rot, and sudden death disease. The key causal organisms identified are Colletotrichum gloeosporioides for anthracnose, Oidium mangifera for powdery mildew, Fusarium mangiferae for mango malformation, Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Diplodia natalensis for stem end rot, and L. theobromae for sudden death disease. Management involves sanitation, pruning diseased plant material, fungicide application, resistant
important Viral and Viroid diseases of plants
The document discusses the Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), which was the first viroid identified. PSTVd is a small, single stranded circular RNA molecule that infects potatoes and tomatoes. All potatoes and tomatoes are susceptible. Symptoms range from mild to severe depending on environmental conditions and strain. Long distance spread occurs via infected seeds and tubers, while aphids can transmit PSTVd in the presence of another virus. Control relies on using healthy, virus-free planting material and sanitation practices.
Diseases of fenugreek
1. The document discusses several diseases that affect fenugreek, including Cercospora leaf spot, charcoal rot, powdery mildew, downy mildew, rust, root/collar/foot rot, damping off, Fusarium wilt, and yellow mosaic virus.
2. It provides details on the pathogens, symptoms, conditions that favor disease development, and management strategies for each disease. The pathogens are fungi or viruses and the diseases can cause lesions, wilting, rotting, or mottling of leaves and stems.
3. Management involves cultural practices like crop rotation, as well as chemical controls like fungicides or resistant varieties depending on the specific disease. Maintaining proper growing
Diseases of guavaa
This document summarizes several diseases that affect guava plants, including Fusarium wilt caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum, fruit canker caused by Pestalotiopsis psidii, stem canker caused by Physalospora psidii, anthracnose caused by Gloeosporium psidii, and red rust caused by Cephaleuros virescens. It describes the symptoms, characteristics, and management of each disease.
mustar.doc
Stem rot of sunflower is caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Initial symptoms include wilting and discoloration of leaves. Stems develop water-soaked areas that turn tan and bleached. The fungus produces white mycelium and black sclerotia on infected plant parts. It proliferates in moist, shady environments between 15-21°C. The fungus completely invades host plants, producing sclerotia. In spring, sclerotia germinate to produce fruiting bodies. An integrated management approach includes using tolerant hybrids, crop rotation, fungicide application, and practices to deteriorate sclerotia in soil.
Mango diseases
This document summarizes several diseases that affect mango plants: anthracnose, powdery mildew, malformation, stem end rot, red rust, and sooty mold. It describes the symptoms, causal pathogens, disease cycles, and management strategies for each disease. Key management strategies include pruning diseased plant parts, using disease-free planting materials, spraying fungicides like carbendazim and copper oxychloride, and controlling insect populations to prevent sooty mold. The document provides detailed information on identifying and addressing important mango diseases.
Late blight of potato.pptx
Late blight of potato is a serious fungal disease caused by Phytophthora infestans. It is identified by expanding blackish-brown leaf lesions that cause the leaves to become necrotic and rot. The fungus favors cool, moist environments and spreads rapidly via wind and rain. It can damage and rot leaves, stems, and tubers. Effective control measures include using disease-free seed, removing plant debris, applying fungicides at early symptoms, and harvesting in dry conditions.
Pest & disease of Cocoa
The document discusses several diseases and pests that affect cocoa plants. It describes the symptoms, causal agents, and management strategies for diseases like seedling die-back, white thread blight, black pod disease, charcoal pod rot, and witches' broom disease. It also covers major pests like mirids, mealy bugs, thrips, aphids, ring bark borers, cocoa moth, bollworm, and cocoa beetle. Control involves removing infected plant parts, providing proper drainage, pruning shade trees, and applying pesticides when needed. Biological control using natural enemies is also explored for some pests.
BLAST OF FINGER MILLET
This document discusses two diseases that affect ragi (finger millet): blast and smut. Blast, caused by the fungus Pyricularia grisea, is the most important disease and can cause up to 90% yield loss. It affects leaves, stems, and earheads, producing lesions. Smut, caused by Melanopsichium eleusinis, has minor economic impact and transforms grains into black galls. Both diseases are spread through spores and favored by warm, humid conditions. Management includes crop rotation, removing debris, treating seeds, growing resistant varieties, and fungicide application.
Banana PPT.pptx
- Postharvest diseases of banana are a major constraint causing losses of up to 50% in Nepal. The most prevalent diseases are anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum musae and crown rot caused by Fusarium musae.
- Crown rot starts as dark brown or black rot in the crown and spreads to pedicels and fingers under severe conditions. Anthracnose causes brown sunken spots on the peel that increase in size as the fruit ripens.
- Integrated management of postharvest diseases includes practices like season management, sanitation, de-handling, bunch sleeving, modified atmosphere storage, physical and biological controls, and chemical treatments.
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CITRUS ANTHRACNOSE
- 1. CITRUS ANTHRACNOSE SUBMITTED BY, COURSE TEACHER DEEPTHI.S, Dr. PARTHASARATHY.S, 2015021027. Asst.Prof.,(Plant Pathology)
- 2. CAUSAL ORGANISM • Anamorph stage (asexual stage) Colletotrichum gloeosporioides • Teleomorph (sexual stage) Glomerella cingulata
- 3. SIGNIFICANCE Post harvest loses in citrus in several tropical countries ranges from 15%. In China and Brazil it recorded first – Sao Paulo state (Brazil). The incidence of this disease reach 100% in fruit under wet conditions.
- 4. DISTRIBUTION World Pakistan, Brazil, China, India and also worldwide in distribution. India Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh etc.,
- 5. SYMPTOMS ON LEAVES Common symptoms are a more or less circular, flat area, light tan in color with a prominent purple margin that at a later phase of infection will show the fruiting bodies of the fungus (tiny dispersed black flecks).
- 8. SYMPTOMS ON FLOWERS Infections on the flowers (form clusters) start as small black or dark- brown spots. These can enlarge, coalesce and kill the flowers. They starts disintegration.
- 10. SYMPTOMS ON FRUITS Fruit - anthracnose usually only occurs on fruit that have been injured by other agents. The lesions are brown to black spots of 1.5 mm or greater diameter. The decay is usually firm and dry but if deep enough can soften the fruit.
- 12. PATHOGEN CHARACTERS Conidiophore is simple, hyaline, branched hypha on which conidia are produced. Conidia is thin walled with large number of oil globules.
- 13. CONIDIA OF Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
- 14. DISEASE CYCLE OF Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
- 15. Dissemination Conidia are dispersed passively by splashing of rain or irrigation water. Symptoms and disease development Black, sunken, rapidly expanding lesions develop in fruiting bodies (Acervuli). Pathogen survival The pathogen survives between seasons on infected and defoliated branch terminals and mature leaves.
- 16. MODE OF INFECTION Primary spread Air borne conidia and innoculums present in the seeds are source of primary infection. Secondary spread Spores spread through rain splashes and irrigation water and also by infected debris.
- 17. FAVOURABLE CONDITIONS High humidity Temperature of 24°C – 28°C. Frequent rains. Moist conditions favours the development of disease (October to November).
- 18. INTEGARATED DISEASE MANAGEMENT Pruning of infected leaves, twigs and fruits. Fruit bagging at fruit set stage (late Oct – early Nov) Spray twice with Carbendazim (0.1%) at 15 days interval during flowering to control blossom infection.
- 19. Spraying of Mancozeb 2 g/lit Thiophanate methyl 1 g/lit or chlorothalonil 2 g/lit 3 times at 15 days interval. Spray copper fungicides (0.3%) for the control of foliar infection. Post harvest treatment with Benzimidazole may reduce fruit loss.
- 20. REFERENCES • Saha.L.R, ’Handbook of plant Diseases’ 2002, Kalyani publishers, New Delhi. • Thind.T.S, “Disease of fruits and vegetables and their management”, Kalyani publishers second edition 2016,New Delhi. • https://www.plantnatural.com>anthracnose • idtools.org>citrus>diseases>factsheet