Citizens Participation in an essential component for success of SMART CITIES..

1. CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN
ENVIRONMENT AND POLICY PLANNING
FOR SMART CITIES
March 4, 2016
FOR SMART CITIES
Ashwani Kumar
Environment and Sustainability Expert
Associate Professor
Faculty of Planning,
CEPT University, Ahmedabad
Magicbricks webinar @ March 04, 2016 1 ashwani_iitk03@yahoo.co.in
* The views expressed in the presentation are of the presenter as an individual. It does not present the perspectives of CEPT University
in any manner.

2. Outline
• Urban India : Issues and Challenges
• Urban Environment Planning and Management:
Need of the day
• What is smart city initiative?
• Approach and Process of Citizens participation in
CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENT AND POLICY PLANNING
FOR SMART CITIES
• Approach and Process of Citizens participation in
Smart City
• Citizens participation : key issues and challenges
• Question?
Magicbricks webinar @ March 04, 2016 2 ashwani_iitk03@yahoo.co.in

3. • Cities as ‘Engine of Economic Growth’
• More than 50% Population expected to be in urban areas by
mid of this centaury or earlier
Understanding Urban India
CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENT AND POLICY PLANNING
FOR SMART CITIES
• Land Scarcity for Development and Infrastructure
• Cities seeking the global investment – Business friendly cities,
Sustainable cites, Global Cites, Smart Cities
Magicbricks webinar @ March 04, 2016 3 ashwani_iitk03@yahoo.co.in

4. Understanding Urban Challenges
Infrastructure
• Revenue Crunch
• Creditworthiness
• Critical infrastructure shortages
• Service deficiencies
• Inadequate and congested transportation systems
Growth Management
• Urbanization.
• Migration
• Slums
CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENT AND POLICY PLANNING
FOR SMART CITIES
Source: World Bank (2006)
• Inadequate and congested transportation systems• Slums
Service delivery
• Building accountability
• Adding physical infrastructure vs. financially and environmentally sustainable
services
• Cost recovery
• Independent regulatory authorities
• Governance
Magicbricks webinar @ March 04, 2016 4 ashwani_iitk03@yahoo.co.in

5. Understanding Urban Challenges
Planning and Governance
• Modern planning framework
• Poor local governance and
unplanned growth
Housing
• Building regulations
• Rental Housing
• Poor Housing Finance
CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENT AND POLICY PLANNING
FOR SMART CITIES
unplanned growth
• Multiplicity of local bodies
• Rigid master plans and
restrictive zoning regulations
• Inappropriate planning
• Increasing in densities
Source: World Bank (2006)
• Poor Housing Finance
• Unable to expand the trunk
infrastructure
Lack of social Infrastructure
Urban Environment
Magicbricks webinar @ March 04, 2016 5 ashwani_iitk03@yahoo.co.in

6. CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENT AND POLICY PLANNING
FOR SMART CITIES
UNDERSTANDING THE URBAN
ENVIRONMENT
Magicbricks webinar @ March 04, 2016 6 ashwani_iitk03@yahoo.co.in

7. Defining Urban Environment
Urban environment consists of resources, human and
other; processes, that convert these resources into
various other useable products and services; and
effects of these processes, which may be negative or
positive.
CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENT AND POLICY PLANNING
FOR SMART CITIES
positive.
• Natural Environment
• Built Environment
• Socio-economic Environment
http://www.gdrc.org
Magicbricks webinar @ March 04, 2016 7 ashwani_iitk03@yahoo.co.in

8. • Delhi Sifting of Industries
• Mumbai Mangrove
Resolving Urban - Environment Conflict
• Bhopal Gas Tragedy
• Ganga River Pollution (Kanpur
Tannery Case)
High cost of ignoring balance between
development and environment
CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENT AND POLICY PLANNING
FOR SMART CITIES
• Lavasa City Development controversy
• Okhla Bird Sanctuary - NOIDA
• Surat Plague
• Golden Corridor
(Ahmedabad to Mumbai)
Tannery Case)
• Pali Industries Pollution
• Delhi Air Pollution
• Doon Valley Case
• Taz Trapezium Case
Magicbricks webinar @ March 04, 2016 8 ashwani_iitk03@yahoo.co.in

9. Environmental Legislations
• Constitutional Right of citizens
– Right to Life includes ‘Right to Clean
Environment’ –(Articles 48 A and 51 A (g))
• Enacted Regulatory Regime
– Air Act (1981); Water Act (1972); EP Act
(1986) and Several Rules
• Environment Judicialism
Balancing Urban Development and Environment perspective
CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENT AND POLICY PLANNING
FOR SMART CITIES
• National Environment Policy,
2006
• National Water Policy, 2000
• National Forest Policy, 1988
• Environment Judicialism
– High Courts and Supreme Court
– National Green Tribunal
– RTI
Magicbricks webinar @ March 04, 2016 9 ashwani_iitk03@yahoo.co.in
National Commitments
• Total sanitation (SWM) by 2019 Cleaning of all Indian rivers (starting with
Ganges)
• Housing for all (infrastructure/services)
• CSR to include slum redevelopment
• ‘Smart cities’
• Cleaner Energy (hydroelectric energy and renewable)
• National Conservation Strategy

10. 3. GOOD HEALTH AND WELL BEING
Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
6. CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION
Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation
7. AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY
Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
Sustainable Development Goal (perspective) and Environment
CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENT AND POLICY PLANNING
FOR SMART CITIES
http://www.sustainabledevelopment2015.org/
Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
11. SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES
Make cities and human settlements, inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
13. CLIMATE ACTION
Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
14. LIFE BELOW WATER
Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for
sustainable development
15. LIFE ON LAND
Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems,
sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt & reverse land
degradation; and halt biodiversity loss
Magicbricks webinar @ March 04, 2016 10 ashwani_iitk03@yahoo.co.in

11. All Projects having area development proposal (Urban/Industrial/Infrastructure)
needs environmental Clearance
- Environments Impact Assessment (2006 as amended in2009) …
Industrial projects are under additional regulations under
Environmental Regulations for Urban or Developmental Projects
CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENT AND POLICY PLANNING
FOR SMART CITIES
Industrial projects are under additional regulations under
- Air Act (1981); Water Act (1972); Hazardous Waste Rules(1989/2004); noise
pollution rules (2000) …..
Urban Infrastructure & Services needs to conform to
- Drinking Water Quality Standards; Urban Wastewater (sewage) disposal
quality , Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules (2000); Plastic Waste Rules
(2011); E-Waste rules (2013); Noise Rules …..
Magicbricks webinar @ March 04, 2016 11 ashwani_iitk03@yahoo.co.in

12. • Eco-City or ecoCity Planning
• Healthy City
• Safe City /Resilient City
Sustainable City : Guidelines and approaches
CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENT AND POLICY PLANNING
FOR SMART CITIES
• Garden City / Green City
• Integrated Development Plans
• City Development Strategies
• SMART CITY
Magicbricks webinar @ March 04, 2016 12 ashwani_iitk03@yahoo.co.in

13. CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENT AND POLICY PLANNING
FOR SMART CITIES
SMART CITY : AN EMERGING
URBAN AGENDA
Magicbricks webinar @ March 04, 2016 13 ashwani_iitk03@yahoo.co.in

14. SMART CITY – Policy Evolution
• …there is no universally accepted definition
of a Smart City… different things to different
people.
• …. a Smart City is an mission to met the
imagination of the city dwellers (a wish list of
aspiration on infrastructure and services)
CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENT AND POLICY PLANNING
FOR SMART CITIES
aspiration on infrastructure and services)
• … a compact areas which creates a replicable
model which will act like a light house to
other aspiring cities.
Concept and States
perspective
Smart City
Challenge
Phase-wise Short
listing
SMART City Plan,
Implementation and
Monitoring
Magicbricks webinar @ March 04, 2016 14 ashwani_iitk03@yahoo.co.in
Source : MoUD (2015)

15. SMART City Process
CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENT AND POLICY PLANNING
FOR SMART CITIES
States
perspe
ctive
Smart City
Challenge
Phase wise
Short-listing
( Round 1 = 20
cities )
SMART CITY
Plan
Local Area
Project and
City wide
initiates
Implementat
ion on and
Monitoring
Magicbricks webinar @ March 04, 2016 15 ashwani_iitk03@yahoo.co.in
Source : MoUD (2015)

16. CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENT AND POLICY PLANNING
FOR SMART CITIES
Magicbricks webinar @ March 04, 2016 16 ashwani_iitk03@yahoo.co.in
Source : MoUD (2015)

17. Typical features of Smart Cities
• Promoting mixed land use in
area-based developments
• Housing and inclusiveness —
expand housing opportunities
for all
CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENT AND POLICY PLANNING
FOR SMART CITIES
• Promoting a variety of
transport options
• Making governance citizen-
friendly and cost effective
for all
• Creating walkable localities
• Preserving and developing
open spaces
Magicbricks webinar @ March 04, 2016 17 ashwani_iitk03@yahoo.co.in
Source : MoUD (2015)
• Giving an identity to the city
• Applying Smart Solutions to
infrastructure and services in
area-based development

18. CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENT AND POLICY PLANNING
FOR SMART CITIES
CITIZENS PARTICIPATION IN SMART
CITY PROGRAMME
Magicbricks webinar @ March 04, 2016 18 ashwani_iitk03@yahoo.co.in

19. States
perspe
ctive
Smart City
Challenge
Phase wise
Short-listing
(20)
SMART CITY
Plan
Local Area
Project and
City wide
initiates
Implementat
ion on and
Monitoring
CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENT AND POLICY PLANNING
FOR SMART CITIES
SMART CITY Process
Citizens’ Participation
Limited
Citizens
Consultation
at local level
Stakeholders
perspective
and criteria
SMART CITY
Plan
Local Area
Project and
City wide
initiates
Implementat
ion on and
Monitoring
Rounds of consultation
• Prioritizing the
Smart solutions
• Smart city
development area
identification
Citizens consultation
• Visioning
• Smart solutions
• Smart city
development area
identification
Smart City Advisory Forum (SPV)
• NGOs
• Women groups
• Tax payers Association
• Youth Association
• Experts
Magicbricks webinar @ March 04, 2016 19 ashwani_iitk03@yahoo.co.in
Source : Based on MoUD (2015)

20. Citizens Participation : Tools and methods
On-line
• Dissemination thorough e-News-papers, TV, Radio and Social Media
• Surveys, queries and polls
• Feedback
CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENT AND POLICY PLANNING
FOR SMART CITIES
Off-line tools
• Dissemination thorough News-papers prints
• Poster/banners
• Stakeholders discussion (Women/Trade Associations/Public)
• Distribution of Pamphlets seeking participation
Magicbricks webinar @ March 04, 2016 20 ashwani_iitk03@yahoo.co.in

21. Key feature of Citizens participation
• One of the widest consultation done under any single national of state
level programme
• Recorded response rate ~ 15-25% of city population
• Use of structured and standardized questions and options
CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENT AND POLICY PLANNING
FOR SMART CITIES
• One of the fastest process of consultation and feedback
• Big data generation
• Brining the sense of social engagement among the citizens and creating
competition for self improvement
Magicbricks webinar @ March 04, 2016 21 ashwani_iitk03@yahoo.co.in

22. Citizens Participation: Key Issues and Challenges
• Brining out the specific potential of cities
• Generating the new ideas and flexible in options
• Statistical cleaning processing of generated meta-data to understand the response and
behaviors of citizens in their unique social and economic context
CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENT AND POLICY PLANNING
FOR SMART CITIES
• Keeping track of changes in perspectives and follow-ups
• Balancing the perspectives of different target groups to remove the risk of biases
• Generating the outreach to digitally marginalized communities and groups
– old, women, homeless, slum dwellers, poor, children etc.
• Generating the responsible, fair and just citizen centric monitoring group
Magicbricks webinar @ March 04, 2016 22 ashwani_iitk03@yahoo.co.in

23. References:
World Bank. 2006. State of the cities report 2006. Washington, DC: World Bank.
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/01/10695419/
state-cities-report-2006
MoUD 2015 : ‘SMART Cities - Missions Statement and Guidelines’, June 2015,
Ministry of Urban Development, GoI
http://www.gdrc.org , THE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTER
Magicbricks webinar @ March 04, 2016 23 ashwani_iitk03@yahoo.co.in
http://www.gdrc.org , THE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTER

24. Source: CPCB Manual
Thankyou