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Citing and understanding spatial references for eResearch: Spatial Identifier Reference Framework (SIRF).
The document outlines the Spatial Identifier Reference Framework (SIRF), which aims to standardize how spatial references are understood and cited in research, addressing challenges related to ambiguity and disconnection in current spatial identifier systems. It discusses the critical nature of spatial information across multiple disciplines and the need for reliable connections between spatial objects, identities, and their metadata. Furthermore, the document emphasizes the importance of linked data to improve the accessibility and governance of spatial information.
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Citing and understanding spatial references for eResearch: Spatial Identifier Reference Framework (SIRF).
- 1. www.csiro.au Citing and understandingspatial references for eResearch: Spatial Identifier Reference Framework (SIRF) Paul Box, Terry Rankine, Rob Atkinson, Simon Cox CSIRO eResearch 2014 , Melbourne DIGITAL PRODUCTIVITY FLAGSHIP
- 2. Understanding and citingspatial identifiers • Spatial identifiers – nature and use • Current challenges & future directions • Spatial Identifiers Reference Framework - SIRF Understanding and citing spatial references - SIRF | Paul Box2 |
- 3. Multi-disciplinary perspectives Understanding andciting spatial references - SIRF | Paul Box3 | The Critical Zone Earth's permeable near-surface layer... from the tops of the trees to the bottom of the groundwater. Hydrology, geology, soil science, biology, ecology, geochemistry, + anthropogenic. Source: - US National Science Foundation Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) • Multiple domains, organizations, scientific disciplines • Information – multiple scales, sources, structure, semantics, format & quality • Different phenomena & reporting geographies • Rapid information integration from multiple sources • Reliably link spatial + O&M • Reliably link reporting geographies
- 4. The present -information silos System 1 System 2 System 3 System 5 System 4 System n System 7 $ $ $$ $ $ $ Discover Access UnderstandExtract, Transform, Load Use Time and effort Everything Happens Somewhere Understanding and citing spatial references - SIRF | Paul Box4 | Gazetteer?
- 5. • Subjective constructsof geography - e.g. Gazetteer, local government areas, catchment management authority area, ground water management unit • Layer & feature based approach • Identity (name, code) • Type • Geometry • Topology • Independent spatial layers + metadata in catalogues (SDI) Representing location - spatial data Concept Relationship Understanding and citing spatial references - SIRF | Paul Box5 |
- 6. Key issues Dataset • Identityis ambiguous • Topology & geometry conflated SDI • Duplication - multiple representations • Disconnection – spatial layers disconnected from: • each other • from other information • Discovery - many catalogues, poor metadata @ dataset level • Change Understanding and citing spatial references - SIRF | Paul Box6 |
- 7. Identity Understanding and citingspatial references - SIRF | Paul Box7 |
- 8. What’s in aname? Official Country name lists • United Nations Statistics Division Country and Region Codes for Statistical Use • United Nations Group of Experts on Geographic Names - List of Country Names • Department for General Assembly and Conference Management - Multilingual Terminology Database (UNTERM) • ISO - ISO 3166: Codes for country names • UN FAO - Global Administrative Unit Layers (GAUL) Figure 1: Variation rates in spelling for country names between the UN Statistical Division’s Country and Region Codes for Statistical Use and UN datasets from data.un.org • One place - many names • Australia, Australie, أستراليا • Sydney, Syd, City of Sydney • One name – many places Understanding and citing spatial references - SIRF | Paul Box8 |
- 9. One name –many places Understanding and citing spatial references - SIRF | Paul Box9 | ‘Leichhardt’ Leichhardt in Australia 4 (52) Australian Gazetteer (GA) - NSW, QLD 10 (12) ASGS (ABS) - NSW, VIC, QLD Leichhardt in NSW 3 (9) in NSW Place Names search (GNB NSW) Leichhardt (Sub) NSW Feature types • National Gazetteer • Suburb • Parish • Homestead •ASGS • SA2 (NSW, QLD) • SA3 (NSW) • CED (QLD) • IARE (NSW) • State Suburb (VIC, NSW & QLD) • Gazetted locality •GNB • County • Parish • Suburb (No LGA!)
- 10. One spatial object- multiple identities (& representations) Geospatial information Other information resources NSW Gaz (GNB NSW) 32679 Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Understanding and citing spatial references - SIRF | Paul Box10 | Geonames 2160386 ASGS (ABS) SSC11351 Nat Gaz (GA) NSW3267
- 11. Identifiers in spatialdata • Ambiguous • system scoped and non-unique • multiple identifiers for same spatial object • Unstable – not well managed change over time • Not well governed Understanding and citing spatial references - SIRF | Paul Box11 |
- 12. Geometry & topology Understandingand citing spatial references - SIRF | Paul Box12 |
- 13. Separating geometry andtopology • Geometry used to encode topology • Geometry used for visualization, analysis • Most use cases need topology not geometry: • Which Jurisdictions contains Leichhardt LGA • Which rivers are upstream of the Hawkesbury? • Geometry is – unreliable, inefficient for representing topology Understanding and citing spatial references - SIRF | Paul Box13 | LGA boundaries & State boundaries
- 14. What do weneed? • Unambiguously identify spatial objects using URIs • Reliably cite geospatial features e.g. • Geographic keywords • Identify features used in workflow/model • Cross-reference spatial identifiers to each other • link multiple identities • topology - touches, contains, adjacent • Link spatial features to stats/obs Understanding and citing spatial references - SIRF | Paul Box14 |
- 15. Spatial Identifier Reference Framework- spatial linked data enabling of SDI Understanding and citing spatial references - SIRF | Paul Box15 |
- 16. Geospatial information Statisticalinformation (Implicitly geospatial) GNB NSW 32679 Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Understanding and citing spatial references - SIRF | Paul Box16 | Geonames 2160386 ABS ASGS SSC11351 GA Aus Gaz NSW3267 Linked spatial data to bridge existing gaps Spatial Identifier Reference Framework Index Crosswalk Explore
- 17. How SIRF works– Indexing spatial references SIRF Spatial Information User Linked Data Web http://demo.sirf.net/siset/CGNA/NSW81093 http://demo.sirf.net/siset/AUS-FSDF/admin/2 Understanding and citing spatial references - SIRF | Paul Box17 | (National) Spatial Data Infrastructure owl:sameAs
- 18. Understanding and citingspatial references - SIRF | Paul Box18 |
- 19. LinksetSISet SISet Relationships between spatialobjects Australian National Gazetteer FSDF Admin Boundary ‘Cross-walks’ between SISets • Centralise the problem • Machine + manual processing • Demand driven • Cross-walks treated as first class citizens • Well managed and shareable 19 | Understanding and citing spatial references - SIRF | Paul Box
- 20. http://id.sirf.net/siset/SA_SUBURBS/501001 - SA suburb -SA gazetteer - National gazetteer SIRF data network 20 | Understanding and citing spatial references - SIRF | Paul Box
- 21. SIRF - linkingbetween products ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework Understanding and citing spatial references - SIRF | Paul Box21 | OWL SameAs NSW Albury (LGA) Towong LGA VIC Geo:sf-adjacent Geo:sf-contains Geo:sf-contains Geo:sf-adjacent Geo:sf-contains FSDF Admin Boundary Product Leichhardt (LGA) S. Metro Region Albert Park District Geo:sf-contains Geo:sf-contains FSDF Place Name Product Geo:sf-contains NSW Geo:sf-contains Leichhardt Lambert Park Geo:sf-contains OWL SameAs Cross-walks registered in SIRF Data set indexed in SIRF Data set indexed in SIRF
- 22. Identifier patterns Collection http://demo.sirf.net/siset/CGNA/ Instancehttp://demo.sirf.net/siset/CGNA/AHO34899 concept of Sydney http://demo.sirf.net/siset/CGNA/AHO34899?_version=1.1.0 – representation of the concept at a snapshot in time Alt ID patterns http://environment.data.gov.au/water/id/catchment/100862 Understanding and citing spatial references - SIRF | Paul Box22 |
- 23. Key messages • Differentto Wikipedia/Geonames • NOT creating a new unauthoritative dataset • Building set of indexes to underlying authoritative spatial data - with provenance - source metadata • Reliable unambiguous URI to reference to spatial object (concept or representation) • Linked data to express identity of and linkage between spatial objects • Bridge between native GIS representations and other data across the web • URIs – pattern and content governance Understanding and citing spatial references - SIRF | Paul Box23 |
- 24. Paul Box t: +612 93253122 e: paul.j.box@csiro.au w: www.csiro.au DIGITAL PRODUCTIVITY FLAGSHIP Thank you CSIRO Digital Productivity Flagship SIRF OpenSearch http://unsdi.csiro.au/UNSDIOpenSearch/search SIRF API doco http://www.sirf.net