This document provides guidance on legal citations using the 20th edition of the Bluebook citation style. It defines what a citation is and explains that citations are needed whenever using someone else's words, ideas, or references. It then gives shortcuts for inserting citations in documents and important guidelines for citation placement. The document outlines different types of legal citations and styles in the Bluebook, and provides examples of citing various sources like books, articles, cases, and internet sources.

1. LEGAL ZEMS INTERNSHIP BATCH VI
CITATION
20th BLUE BOOK CITATION

2. WHAT IS CITATION?
 A “citation” is the way you tell your readers that certain
material in your work came from another source. It also
gives your readers the information necessary to find that
source again, including:
 information about the author
 the title of the work
 the name and location of the company that published
your copy of the source
 the date your copy was published
 the page numbers of the material you are borrowing

3. WHEN ARE CITATIONS NEEDED?
 Whenever you borrow words or ideas, you need to
acknowledge their source. The following situations
almost always require citation:
 whenever you use quotes
 whenever you paraphrase
 whenever you use an idea that someone else has
already expressed
 whenever you make specific reference to the work of
another
 whenever someone else's work has been critical in
developing your own ideas
 Whenever you refer to a case law.

4. SHORTCUT KEYS FOR CITATIONS
Footnotes: Ctrl + Alt + F
Endnotes: Ctrl + Alt + D
Small Caps: Ctrl + Shift + K
Italics: Ctrl + I
Bold: Ctrl + B
Underline: Ctrl + U

5. IMPORTANT THINGS TO REMEMBER WHILE DOING
CITATION
 In case the referred sentence is followed by full stop,
then always put the citation after the full stop.1
 “In case of citing a quotation, always place the citation
after quotation marks”2
 In case the referred sentence is followed by comma,
then place the citation after comma,3
 Citation should always appear before dash5 ─ or
colon4:
 When the citation guide asks to use symbols of
paragraph or section, then you definitely need to use
them ¶ §

6. TYPES OF LEGAL CITATIONS
 Harvard Bluebook, 20th edition.
 Oxford University Standard for the Citation of
Legal Authorities (OSCOLA), 4th edition.
 New York University School of Law, Guide to
Foreign and International Citations, 2nd edition
 Standard Indian Legal Citation.
 Indian Law Institute .
 Chicago Style (Footnotes and In-text
Citations).

7. SHORT FORMS
 Ibid./Id. – used when referring to immediately
previous citation
 Supra – used to refer a citation previously cited in
the document
 n – used in OSCOLA instead of usage of ‘supra’
 et al. – used to refer the remaining authors when
any book/article is written by multiple authors

8. TYPES OF STYLE IN BLUE BOOK
 Blue Pages (Court Documents and Legal
Memorials)
 White Pages (Law Reviews and academic works)

9. BOOKS
Single Author:
 Name of Author, Title of the Book Pg no./Para no./Section
no. (Name of editor(s), Edition, Publisher Year).
 Charles Dickens, Bleak House 49-55 (Norman Page ed.,
Penguin Books 1971).
More than two Authors:
 Name of one Author et al., Title of the Book Pg no./Para
no./Section no. (Name of editor(s), Edition, Publisher
Year).
 Richard H. Fallon et al., Hart and Wechsler’s the Federal
Courts and the Federal system 330 (6th ed. 2009).

10. Books in Volumes:
 Volume no. Name of Author(s), Title of the
Book Pg no./Para no./Section no. (Name of
editor(s), Edition, Publisher Year).
 21 Charles Alan Wright & Arthur R. Miller,
Federal Practice and Procedure § 1006 (3d
ed. 1998).

11. PERIODICALS MATERIAL
ConsecutivelyPaginatedJournals:
 Name of Author(s), Title of the article, Volume no. Name of the Journal Pg no. at which
article starts, Pg no. which is referred (Year of Publication).
 David Rudovsky, Police Abuse: Can the Violence be Contained?, 27 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L.
Rev. 465, 500 (1992).
Non - ConsecutivelyPaginatedJournals:
 Name of Author(s), Title of the article, Name of the Journal, Month(s) of issue Year of
Publication, at Pg no. at which article starts, Pg no. which is referred.
 Barbara Ward, Progress of Small Planet, Harv. Bus. Rev., Sept.-Oct. 1979, at 89, 90.
Newspaper:
 Name of Author(s), Title of the article, Name of the Newspaper, Published date, at Pg no.
of the article
 John M. Broder, Geography is Dividing Democrats over Energy, N.Y. Times, Jan. 27,
2009, at 1.

12. INTERNET SOURCES
WebArticles:
 Name of Author(s), Title of the Article, Portal name (Date of
publication, Time of Publication), URL.
 Eric Posner, More on Section 7 of the Torture Convention, Volokh
Conspiracy (Jan. 29, 2009, 10:04 AM),
http://www.volokh.com/posts/1233241458.shtml. (Last accessed on
13th August, 2021 at 8:45 p.m.)
ArticleavailableinPDF:
 Name of Author(s), Title of the article, Volume no. Name of the Journal
Pg no. at which article starts, Pg no. which is referred (Year of
Publication), URL.
 Kenneth W Simons, Retributivists Need Not and Should Not Endorse
the Subjectivist Account of Punishment, 109 Colum. L. Rev. Sidebar 1,
3 (2009),
http://columbialawreview.org/wpcontent/uploads/2009/03/1_Simons.pd
f.

13. NEWS PAPER - ONLINE
 Name of Author(s), Title of the article, Name of
the Newspaper, Published date, URL.
 John M. Broder, Geography is Dividing Democrats
over Energy, N.Y. Times (16th May, 2021),
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/27/science/earth/
27coal.html.

14. DOMESTIC CASES
IndianCases:
 Name of the first party v. Name of the second party,
citation of the reporters, pinpoint pg no. (if any).
 Justice K.S. Puttuswamy v. Union of India, (2017) 10
SCC 1.
UnreportedCases:
 Name of the first party v. Name of the second party,
Case no. (Name of the Court Date of Judgement).
 Justice K.S. Puttuswamy v. Union of India, W.P.
(Civil) 494 of 2012 (S.C. Aug. 24, 2017).

15. U.S.A. Cases:
 Name of the first party v. Name of the second party,
citation of the reporters, pinpoint pg no. (if any).
 Illinois Central Railway v. Illinois,146 US 387 (1892).
U.K. Cases:
 Name of the first party v. Name of the second party,
citation of the reporters, pinpoint pg no. (if any).
 Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball Co., [1893] 1 QB 256.

16. THANK YOU