Cis 324 Computer Ethics

Cis 324 Computer Ethics
Ethics of Peer to Peer downloading and Sharing Strayer University Abstract In the short time that
computers and internet have existed in the modern era, the world has seen a complete 360 degree
turn and in the various forms of electronic entertainment that people all over the world are now
using. In the days before CD's, DVD's and the internet, not much was said if a vinyl album
(remember these?), VHS cassette (or these?) or an audio cassette was loaned to a friend for their
listening / viewing pleasure, but today with the availability of sending an email with three or four
megabytes (mb) of information, one can enjoy a borrowed song but is assumed that it is piracy or
stealing. Is this a fair assumption? This Author will not give ... Show more content on
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This is where the dilemma starts. As time has passed and technologies have become available to the
average people of the world, including those with lesser amounts of disposable money, the ability to
"share or loan" electronic material has become increasingly popular. The question still remains in
the mind of this author; what is the difference between sharing and audio cassette with a friend and
sharing an MP3 that has been legally copied from disk or downloaded from Itunes? In the eyes of
many people, there is not a difference in these two concepts. In the eyes of many, the concept of
sharing a MP3 is that same as sharing a cassette but has followed the theory of evolution and grown
from the era of physical items, like cassettes, and evolved to the electronic media market. This
sharing concept brings forth another question. Why did music industry and other various media
companies not try to enforce the existing laws when it was only video and audio cassettes? Could it
be that "back in the day", the number of cassettes / albums being shared were not near the numbers
of electronic media being shared today? This seems to be the probable answer because to share a
cassette or album there needs to be some form of physical contact between the two participants and
to share electronic media the two participants can be
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Napster Is Taking Over Essay
In today's world, music is a core part of being a college student. You see proof of this on a daily
basis by the thumping bass from your neighbor's room or the headphones visible from an MP3
player on students while walking to class. But where are all of these students getting all this music
from? Another core part of being a college student is being continuously broke. With CDs costing
upwards of ten dollars for as little as eight tracks of music, it's commonsense that college students
would make up a large percentage of illegal downloader's. As a result of the massive use of free peer
to peer programs the record industry has suffered greatly. They are working hard in trying hard to
put a stop to it, but they can't do it alone.
Shawn ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because of this the RIAA turned to targeting the users downloading the music. Thousands of cases
have been filed against "music pirates" and in many cases the criminals are college students such as
you or me. In fact, college students are one of the prime targets of the RIAA but has nailed one of
the most prolific file–traders in the U.S., filing a lawsuit against 12–year–old Brianna LaHara.
When not at the playground with her friends, "Biggie Brianna" is trading music files from her home
in New York. The little girl received one of the 261 lawsuits filed by the RIAA She may look like a
sweet and innocent child, but the RIAA says it's only going after major copyright violators at the
moment. So you make the call. Peer–to–peer file sharing advocates received a boost in their ongoing
battle against music industry executives when Jupiter Media Metrix released a study indicating that
Internet file–sharing traffic volume actually increases music sales.
The research firm found that 34 percent of all peer–to–peer file–sharing users said they dole out
more money for music than before they started swapping tunes online, although 15 percent of file
swappers admitted to purchasing less music.
About 50 percent of respondents said they spend the same amount of money as they did before they
started using such services as Kazaa , Morpheus, Gnutella and Madster.
In contrast, the study found that only 19 percent of respondents who do not use file–sharing

File Sharing And The Internet
Introduction File sharing, or peer–to–peer software programs such as Limewire which uses protocol
Gnutella, BitTorrent, Internet Relay Chat (IRC), and programs that are Peer to Peer (P2P) such as
KaZaA which uses the protocol FastTrack and others can allow sharing of copyrighted music,
games, movies, software, and other files often without the knowledge or permission of the
consumer. Peer–to–Peer programs usually share files by default, to permit the full amount of sharing
across the web. Sharing this copyrighted information is illegal and has led to a considerable rise in
anti–piracy efforts and legislation. Organizations such as the Recording Industry Association of
America (RIAA), the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) and others keep an eye on
file sharing on the Internet and notify the University when a computer on its network is illegally
sharing copyrighted files (University of Pennsylvania, n.d.). File–sharing is the process of
exchanging files over the Internet. The most common forms of file–sharing are running an FTP
server or using an FTP program.
Overview of the Crime P2P networks mostly serve as a come and get it source on the Internet. In
using such a service, the consumer precisely searches for the item they want, for example images,
software, or music. The most important illegal activity involving P2P sharing centers mostly deals
with knowledgeable property rights such as software and music piracy issues. This is an area in
which the FBI has been

P2p Vs. P2p Technology
In general, peer–to–peer (P2P) is referring to a network that connected all the computers on the
same network and allowing them to share the resources directly without going through a separate
server. While file sharing is means making the file for others individuals to access and download.
Over the past few years, P2P technology has been widely used in file sharing. It can be used to share
a numbers type of files on the Internet, such as text files, music, movies, games, computer software,
etc. In P2P technology, the users do not need to upload the file they intent to share to a centralized
server [1]. File sharing process can be more simple and easy by storing a file on a computer's shared
folder, which can be accessed by others on the networks. The shared file is then split into different
parts and then transfers to other online users parts by parts. In other words, this can increase the
speed of sharing files between multiple users as different parts of the file are collected from different
users at the same time. The users have to download P2P file sharing application in order to transfer
file on P2P networks. The first developed and famous P2P file sharing application is Napster. There
are numbers of P2P files sharing applications in the market, such as BitTorrent, uTorrent, LimeZilla,
Popcorn Time, etc.
In addition, P2P technology is also useful for direct communication between computers. P2P
technology enable two computer on networks to connected to each other to

The Internet : File Sharing, And The Distribution Of The...
"Napster and its founder held the promise of everything the new medium of the Internet
encompassed: youth, radical change and the free exchange of information. But youthful exuberance
would soon give way to reality as the music industry placed a bull's–eye squarely on Napster."
With the emergence of the computer came new technologies, one of which is the distribution and
free access to information across the internet. Peer to Peer (P2P), a form of file sharing allows
people to participate in the distribution and sharing of multimedia files across a wide network of
connected computers on the internet. This allows them to transfer many files between two
computers across the internet through other file–sharing networks. It also created ... Show more
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Also, instead of just downloading files for individual gain, people can give back by "seeding",
where they leave their Peer to peer file transfer client open after finishing a download to help
distribute a file to others within the network. Originally, a central server was required to run and
organize the peer to peer networks, keeping information on its user base and the files that are
currently available. Though the file transfers were done between two users, the networks were
vulnerable in the case that the central server was taken offline due to a power outage, that all forms
of communication would be disabled. But with recent advancements in technology they've made the
network indestructible since you can now directly ask peers if they have a certain file. In the
beginning, Peer to peer file sharing wasn't a thing until the commercial release of the floppy disk in
1971 from IBM. It was the first time where widespread file sharing could occur and the only format
that was available at the time. Floppy disks at the time allowed individuals to physically exchange
data the cost of the time the floppy disk spent traveling to get to its designated location, preventing
companies from working with one another. In 1978, Ward Christiansen opened the gateway by
creating the first online bulletin board, allowing users to exchange messages and multimedia files
online. The online bulletin boards were mainly text–based and usually are devoted to a subject. The
only problem with

Social Media Trends That Rock The Internet
FIVE SOCIAL MEDIA TRENDS THAT ROCK THE INTERNET
WE can clearly observe the substantive share of social media on internet from the data above. More
importantly the popularity of social media as seen from the above data amongst youngsters indicates
the growth of social media in times to come as this generation moves on. Also, there are studies
indicating that the time spent online has doubled in the past ten years. These two trends combined
together indicate that social media is really becoming big in our lives and the net.
The social media trends that dominate the scene are:
1. SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES : Social networking has grown to become one of the largest and
most influential components of the web. It is the use of internet based social media programs to
make connections with family , friends, classmates, customers and clients. Social networking can
occur for social purposes, business purposes or both through sites such as Facebook, Twitter,
LinkedIn, Instagram. Social networking is also a significant target area for marketers seeking to
engage users.
# FACEBOOK : Facebook is one site where you 're likely to find friends, colleagues and relatives
floating all around you. Although Facebook is mainly centered around sharing photos, links and
quick thoughts of personal nature, individuals can also

Factors Of Knowledge Sharing
Many factors can affect the sharing of knowledge in organizations, such as organizational
culture,incentive and trust.
The first factor for Knowledge Sharing is Organizational culture ,they are the values and behaviors
that "contribute to the unique social and psychological environment of an organization". According
to Needle (2004),organizational culture represents the collective values, beliefs and principles of
organizational members and is a product of such factors as history, product, market, technology,
strategy, type of employees, management style, and national culture; culture includes the
organization's vision, values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, environment,
location, beliefs, and habits.
Zheng(2017) states that knowledge is the organization's most important strategic resource that can
provide organizations with a sustainable competitive advantage; at the same time, knowledge ...
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They demonstrate that the model maps partially, but differently from both Western and Japanese
societies, on to each of these cultural contexts. In these cultures managers and organizational
members will share knowledge with those with whom they already have a trustful relationship. This
paper explores the implications of the fact that in China and the Arab world the sharing of
knowledge cannot be taken for granted outside this context of trustful relationships.
This study confirms the importance of trust in knowledge sharing and knowledge
transferring.Another example of study also emphasizes the importance of trust. According to Pardo,
Git–Garcia and Burke.(2006),trust has been identified as one the most important organizational
factors for cross–boundary information sharing and

The Importance Of Real Time Data Sharing In Health Care
Real time data sharing is increasingly expected for clinical treatment. Within King's Health Partners
in South London, UK, the KHP Online system provides connectivity between primary care and
secondary care providers with extensibility into local authorities and other social care providers as
required. This means care providers can see patient data in real time across many different systems
and ensure appropriate care regimes are in place. Patients also can have access to smartphone
applications that collect data from them (by patient entry) and passively from monitoring devices
(like smart watches) and these can share that data with care and diagnostic systems. For example, a
diabetic patient whose blood sugar levels normally varies ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
A scanner that generates a petabyte of data per day will require a substantial network link to move
this data to a storage location in a few hours. Network links can easily become saturated for hours or
days on end moving large volumes of data around – and subsequently creating backup copies in
other locations. This is another reason for Genomics England retaining data within their datacentre,
sharing by means of allowing access to the data and providing computing capability to study the
data in situ. Automated processes and network links for sharing data will change from time to time
and hardware components will fail. This means there is an ongoing need to monitor and manage
physical sharing arrangements and resolve failures as they arise. Once sharing arrangements are
established if it may be assumed that everything will continue to operate without failure – and often
they will for years, but when there is a failure it then can take some time to identify the issue and
resolve it. This takes us into the need to manage data sharing. Management of/How do you evidence
compliance for shared data? As with storage, so with data sharing, there is a need for the sharing of
data to be managed on an ongoing basis for regulatory and data protection requirements. Whilst
some of this management can be automated there needs to be oversight and understanding of what is
happening with data on an ongoing basis. This

Persuasive Essay On Social Media
When it comes to sharing photos on social media, most of us agree that it is a way to share your life
with friends, family, and even strangers. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the on
the question of which social media platform is best for sharing photos. Whereas some are convinced
that Facebook or Instagram is the best way for sharing pictures, others believe that the handle Flickr
has its benefits. Many do not know about Flickr, but the photo sharing site has all of the advantages
of Facebook and Instagram; users are able to use hashtags, write captions, and share photos with
friends, family, and even strangers. Unlike Facebook and Instagram, users of Flickr have the
advantages of storing photos and videos for personal and professional use. The social media site,
Flickr, has been easing storing and sharing since the early 2000's.
Flicker was created in the home of two Canadian computer programmers, but nearly didn't happen at
all. Husband and wife, Stewart Butterfield and Caterina Fake are the creators of Flickr. The couple
lives in Vancouver, British Columbia and created the social media handle in their home (EBSCO).
Butterfield and Caterina worked as a team to create Flickr, but Flickr wasn't the original end goal.
The original end goal for the couple was to create an online role–playing game, but soon saw the
potential for saving and editing photographs in the game (EBSCO). The couple set aside their plan
for the role–playing game and devoted their

The P2P Piracy Prevention Act Attacks Consumers Essay
The P2P Piracy Prevention Act Attacks Consumers
Peer–to–peer (P2P) networks have had a staggering growth in the past few years. Since Napster,
dozens of P2P networks have been created in its imitation. Due to the growing accessibility of
broadband, which increases the speed of downloads, P2P networks generate nearly 1.8 billion
downloads per month. Popularity and acceptance is still continually growing.
As many users see P2P software as just file sharing, entertainment industries and other big
companies see it as copyright infringement and stealing from copyright owners without their rightful
authorization or compensation. These companies complain that P2P file sharing threatens the
survival of the industries and believe that there ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Berman proposed a legislation called the Peer–to–Peer Piracy Prevention Act last year that ensures
that all copyright owners won't face liability for using reasonable, limited self–help to prevent the
theft of their works on peer–to–peer networks such as Kazaa and Gnutella. The bill says that since
no legislation can eliminate the problem of P2P piracy, the law should allow copyright owners to
take action into their own hands in protecting and preventing infringements on their products. With
this act, Congress can help manage problematic issues of the market without interfering with the
system itself. Furthermore, this bill would allow copyright owners to enter and look into a P2P user's
computer to the same extent that any other P2P user is able to, and allows the owners to take limited
measures to prevent and stop the distribution of their copyrighted property.
The problem with this bill is that it's unethical. Swapping or sharing files with another user is not
illegal. It is the act of sharing copywritten files without authorization or rightful compensation to the
owners that makes it illegal. However, giving rights to copyright owners to look into P2P users
computer files is an invasion of privacy and that is illegal too. Berman tries to say that the P2P
Piracy Prevention Act primarily allows owners to retrieve or protect their property much like a
bicycle owner grabbing his bike from a thief's yard . But nonetheless this act is basically asking

Online File Sharing and Internet Piracy
The United States of America is a free country, then why shouldn't the internet be free? Why should
we have restrictions placed on what we can and cannot do on the internet? Every day, millions of
users share files on the internet through numerous online sources. Whether they download music,
movies, or software, online file–sharing can give people access to a plentiful amount of information.
These files are often free and easily accessible by anyone. The practice of distributing or providing
access to digitally stored information represents file sharing (Peer–to–Peer File–Sharing and
Copyright Infringement: Are You Vulnerable?). Conversely many people see file sharing as
unlawful. The reproduction or distribution of any copyrighted ... Show more content on
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At no cost or free access to any information brings many benefits to users through online piracy.
When anyone downloads a program from an online source they use it as a preview or free trial when
none are available. People do this in order to see what they want is worth the purchase or not. For
example: Someone has no clue what word processing program to buy and he or she does not want to
just waste the money on a word processing program he or she cannot use. This is where internet
piracy can come in to play and benefit him or her greatly. He or she can just download the word
processing programs they have been looking at from an online source to use as a free trial, find the
best one, and later buy it.
Have you ever let a friend borrow a CD, a book, or a movie? The borrowing of copyright materials
like music, books, or movies is an act of colloquially known as piracy. Internet piracy is the
borrowing of files including music through online sites where one person uploads it and many
others help distribute the file. Music files were some of the first types of files to be pirated. Music
files are a big portion of all of the files pirated over the internet. File sharing of music leads to a lot
of benefits for the music industry, record companies, and the artists involved in music. Free
exposure through online sharing of music will benefit the artist, the public, and the music industry
(Torr).

Essay on The Global Ethical Perspective of Peer-to-peer...
The Global Ethical Perspective of Peer–to–peer File–sharing
Introduction
This paper is an analytical essay on global ethical issues on peer–to–peer (P2P) file–sharing. A
history and background of peer–to–peer file–sharing will be given, as well as how it became an
issue. This paper will explore what aspects of file–sharing are ethical and at what point it becomes
unethical. An explanation of the laws will be described and whether the laws different from region–
to–region around the world. The paper will include personal experiences with file sharing, as well as
an in–depth analysis on the topic with high–quality industry and academic references to defend a
particular moral/ethical position.
Background
The Internet is a shared ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Not everyone thought this was such a great idea, however. Some objections cite legal or moral
concerns. Other problems were technical. Many network providers, having set up their systems with
the idea that users would spend most of their time downloading data from central servers, have
economic objections to peer–to–peer models. A long–established fixture of computer networking
that includes important peer–to–peer components is Usenet, which has been around since 1979.
Usenet news implements a decentralized model of control that in some ways is the grandfather of
today's new peer–to–peer applications such as Gnutella* and Freenet*. Fundamentally, Usenet is a
system that, using no central control, copies files between computers. So the bottom–line is that
file–sharing has been around for a long time now and that its decentralized nature makes is hard to
control besides holding each individual sharing files accountable. Peer–to–peer systems go hand–in–
hand with decentralized systems. In a fully decentralized system, not only is every host an equal
participant, but there are no hosts with special facilitating or administrative roles. In practice,
building fully decentralized systems can be difficult, and many peer–to–peer applications take
hybrid approaches to solving problems. [1]
Laws and Issues Associated with File–sharing
File–sharing in itself is not an issue until

No Electronic Theft Act
No Electronic Theft Act (NET) BIS/220 – Introduction to Computer Application and Systems April
2, 2013 Copyright infringement has become a serious issue in today's world. Owners of this material
lose money every time an image or any material is used illegally. The Internet has brought about
more opportunities for someone to steal copyrighted material. An Internet user can simply copy and
image, save it, and use it for their own gain while the holder of the copyright of that image gets
nothing. This situation was becoming an issue so in 1997 the United States government enacted the
No Electronic Theft Act to help stop this from occurring. Description of the Act The No Electronic
Theft (NET) Act was enacted on December 16, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If the right click did not work they could screen shot a page, drop it in Photoshop or any editing
program, and snip out the picture. Pictures were not the main culprit however. Music and movies are
big business and people were discovering ways to pirate these without paying for them. Peer sharing
of music and movie files were costing studios, record companies, artists, and actors a large amount
of money. Sharing these files is easy back in the mid–1990s and even easier today. Whether it be via
PTP, e–mail, instant messaging, saving to a CD/DVD, or saving to a flash drive it is easy to give
someone a copy of a CD, DVD, or a single song. These advances in technology required something
be done to protect copyright holders from infringement. The Act was established for this reason.
Conclusion The No Electronic Theft Act was put into place to stop copyright infringement on all
forms of electronic media. These infringements cost copyright holders millions of dollars per year.
The Act enables prosecution for infringements even if they are not meant for financial gain. Since
inception the Act has been used to prosecute both people seeking gain and those who were not. The
Act was necessary because of the simplicity of sharing copyrighted materials and people's
willingness to do so. The theft of copyrighted material will likely never end but laws such as NET
can help

Media Piracy Essay
Media Piracy
In today's technological age and consumer–driven economy, there is no doubt that media piracy and
file sharing are in demand and makes a big business. Not only the so called "bootlegged" materials
cost less, but most of it also managed to completely imitate the quality of the original materials. It is
much easier to people to download movies or music online or buy bootlegged DVDs for 5 dollars
than to watch the movie in theaters or pay for the whole CD when there is only one song that the
person likes. People know about the possible consequences of these actions, but they do not have a
choice especially in these times of economy recession, plus everyone nowadays is doing it, so it
would not be considered such a big deal at ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to New York Times, she was fined more than a million dollars, which is five times the
amount than her previous penalty, because she was held responsible for downloading and sharing
songs through "Kazaa, a peer to peer file sharing," that breaks the media companies' copyrights
(Itzkoff C2). The court wants her to pay such a huge amount of fine which is totally ridiculous. Her
attorneys even argued that "the jury's verdict is unconstitutional and out of touch with reality"
(Ebert). It is true that millions of dollars were being stolen from the media industry, but suing small
time people like Jammie, who only downloads music to save money, and making her pay a million
dollars is completely out of line and does not actually solve the problem.
Most entertainment companies were accusing people of file sharing without any legal proof. Almost
all the people in this world are guilty of illegal downloading, yet, the media industry groups are
suing those people who cannot defend themselves. Take Joel Tenenbaum for example, according to
Boston Globe newspaper, he was "ordered to pay four record labels a total of $675,000 dollars for
illegally downloading 30 songs and sharing them online"

Internet Morality : Should It Be The Same As Real World...
Internet morality: Should it be the same as real world morality?
Should we have the same expectations?
Name: Stephen Donnelly
Matric. No: 01012291
Programme: BEng (Hons) Computer Networks & Systems
Module: INF10101 – Information: Society & Security
Assessment: Coursework Element 2: Essay
Word Count: 1994
Declaration: I hereby confirm that this assignment is my own and has not been submitted for any
other assessment.
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to examine the questions "Internet morality: Should it be the same as real
world morality? Should we have the same expectations?" In this paper three areas of the Internet
have been discussed to examine how the morality of the Internet world relates to the expectations
we have of morality in the real world. The main findings of the paper show that currently
interactions within the Internet do not conform to our expectations of morality, when compared to
real world situations. In the examples explored the use of personal data, the sharing of copyrighted
material and through offensive online messages it is shown how many users of the Internet
demonstrate little in the way of an understanding of the morality and implication of the actions they
are taking. The conclusions of this paper are that we do not see real world morality translated to the
Internet world, however it is something we should expect and strive for.
Contents
1. Introduction 1
2. Morality and the Internet 2
2.1 Use of Personal Data 2
2.2

Internet & Society: Technologies and Politics of Control...
Internet & Society: Technologies and Politics of Control
From the moment Internet file–sharing became a reality, exploding into millions of homes and
dorms, something changed. Internet file sharing brought with it the opportunity to access for free
what had previously cost money. Beyond that, file sharing created a social norm that music and
digital media ought to be free. How did this happen? How did file sharers warp reality and forever
create this notion that digital media, notably music doesn't require the money it always had before?
Through this paper, I will attempt to prove that the social norms of the Internet public were
corrupted by code, by deceptive P2P programs that mask reality for the sake of prosperity. It is this
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Social norms, are without question, a modality of regulation in play with online file sharing
programs. Dan Kahan of Boston University offers a perspective on the creation of social norms, and
understanding how and why the selfish human can or would be normed to cooperate. "The new
theory of collective action suggests that when people perceive that others are behaving
cooperatively and contributing to some public good, then individuals will themselves contribute to
the public good without the need for external motivation" (Levin, 10). We see quite a bit of this
online with P2P networks. There is a perception that the P2P networks are mostly users sharing,
which proliferates the social norm that sharing files and downloading digital content contributes to
the public good. In order to allow for the social norm of cooperation without selfish motivations, as
mentioned by Kahan, you need what University of Chicago law professor Lior Jacob Strahilevitz
calls, a "'charismatic code', a technology that presents each member of a community with a distorted
picture of his fellow community members by magnifying cooperative behavior and masking
uncooperative behavior" (Strahilevitz, 33). Architecture and norms each work to constrain behavior.
"The simplest way to conceptualize the relationship between architecture and norms is to understand
architecture as defining the universe of possible behavior. Within the boundaries set by

Research for Music Industry and Illegal Downloading
Name: Colin Ryan
Student Number: 67452101
Subject: MN 398 – Business Research Methods
Research area: Consumers ethical thinking when illegally downloading music and the effect it has
on the industry
Research Question: How has the consumer's attitude toward piracy affected the music industry?
Word Count: 2,909
Introduction
"A decade's worth of music file sharing has made it clear that the people it hurts are the creators...
and the people this reverse Robin Hooding benefits are rich service providers, whose swollen profits
perfectly mirror the lost receipts of the music business." (Bono, IFPI Digital Music Report 2010)
The music industry changes at a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This meant that ownership of a CD was still necessary, meaning sales did not drop significantly to
begin with. However the invention of MP3 players, allowing people to move files from their
computer on to a portable device meant this was no longer a problem for down loaders. Some sites
have aimed to provide a legal outlet for customers to download music, the most recognisable being
Apple's iTunes system. This has been an extremely successful venture for Apple, but has done little
to prevent piracy. Apple has also played their part in the way we purchase music. The International
Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) Digital Music report estimates that forty billion
tracks were downloaded in 2008. 95% of these tracks are estimated to have been downloaded
illegally (IFPI Digital Music Report 2009). While it is obvious that the music industry has almost
gone completely digital and people no longer place any real value in owning physical CDs, music
listeners also avoid paying for their downloaded copy of the songs they wish to own.
So what action, if any, is being taken to prevent internet users from effectively stealing music? So
far Eircom are the only internet service provider (ISP) to sign up to the Irish Recorded Music
Association's (IRMA) three strikes policy, cutting off the internet for users caught downloading
illegal music files. Eircom have yet to actually disconnect any customer. A recent court, taken by

How To Increase Illegal Downloading Of Music
There is not only one dominated reason describes the trend of increasing in illegal downloading of
music. Technology, Human Behavior and no global obligation are the main reasons for this trend
which finally effects on different issues (e.g., music market progression, buy CDs). This essay is
structured as one reason and possible effects in each paragraph and finally to sum up with
conclusion paragraph.
The technology development of computer and communication led to increase the illegal
downloading of digital multimedia (e.g. music). In general, there is no change in the behavior of
buyers, but starting of internet network and uprising of computerized systems, result in latest rise in
piracy. The digital revolution has been one of the most important causes in control of piracy. As the
arrival of the digital revolution, it has become not difficult to copy digital information without losing
in its features. One more significant cause has been the introduction of the Internet, a commercial
Internet protocol that has basically opened the front gate to low cost worldwide sharing. A third
facilitator has been the fast growth of high speed internet. Developments in broadband technology
have permitted people to upload and download enormous files fast. The existence of these three
causes has become a 'perfect storm' for illegal downloading. As a result this could considerably
destroy market progression and sustainability of companies. (Sudler, 2013).
Another reason for increase the

Essay On Agent Sutehall
On 04/16/15, I received a call from Special Agent Scott Sutehall with Homeland Security
Investigations (HSI) who is a member of the Internet Crimes Against Children (ICAC) task force. I
am also a member of the ICAC task force and work with HSI frequently. Agent Sutehall has worked
with me on several cases and was confident with my knowledge and understanding of child
exploitation cases. Agent Sutehall informed me that between 02/19/15 and 03/01/15, while acting in
an undercover capacity, he utilized a law enforcement version of eMule, a client software for the
eDonkey2000 (eD2k) peer–to–peer (P2P) file sharing network, to monitor for P2P users possessing
and distributing image and video files depicting child pornography. During that time period, Agent
Sutehall utilized the law enforcement version of eMule to establish connections with IP address Test
and to download several files depicting child pornography from that IP address.
Agent Sutehall queried a publicly available database, which revealed IP address Test belonged to
Internet Service Provider (ISP) Comcast Communications and geo–located to Kirkland,
Washington. Agent Sutehall turned the investigation over to me, due to the crime potentially being
in the City of Kirkland.
A search warrant for information on the IP address returned to Internet Subscriber Paul Giering,
service address at 8300 NE 143rd ST Kirkland, 98034. A search warrant was jointly served at
Giering's residence by the Kirkland Police

An Age Old Killer Interview
An age old killer interview question has been "what would you take to a desert island". Answers
would typically consist of responses such as plastic bags, duct tape, a boat or perhaps a 3–D printer,
a solar–powered laptop to connect to it, and a very, very, very large supply of raw material for the
printer. But in today's society, the most important 'currency' in both 'real' and 'virtual' life has to be
the capacity to 'get online'. Technology has changed the world in which we live. It always has, and
will continue to ever more. Furthermore, technology has changed and disrupted so many industries
and companies and the way organisations now market, engage and interact with their customers.
Now it's not just the product, service or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Owyang 2013 defines the Collaborative Economy as "an economic model where ownership and
access are shared between corporations, startups, and people. This results in market efficiencies that
bear new products, services, and business growth". Sometimes referred to as collaborative
consumption, other times the sharing economy, this movement is growing momentum at a stunning
rate. Individuals are sharing anything from car rides to accommodation, to their front lawns to grow
vegetables to even their pets. Whilst their industries are all different they all have significant factors
that are the same. They are all disrupting conventional business models, impacting those traditional
bottom lines and are doing so by providing platforms that promote peer to peer engagement,
interaction and collaboration. This movement towards a collaborative economy affects so many of
today's industries and services and not just as a macro level, but more deeply effecting change
within each industries ecosystem. ––– The automotive industry is one such industry. It is an industry
which has been a pillar of the global economy and technological advancement. It has spanned many
adjacent industries from finance and insurance, fuel supply, auto parts and aftermarket accessories,
and witnessed growth and development in a relatively unchallenged business model landscape. How
someone procures a vehicle to

Digital Music Piracy
Digital Music Piracy
Can't Stop, Won't Stop
Digital music piracy, or the unlawful downloading of copyrighted music, has been a controversial
topic for more than a decade now. The issue was first brought to attention in 1998 when Shawn
Fanning created Napster. Though the MP3 file was originally developed in 1987, Napster
represented the first mainstream and user–friendly program to transfer and download these files.
Napster, a peer–to–peer (P2P) program, allowed online users to connect with one another and swap
copyrighted music, videos, and other files contained on their computers, thus providing a way to get
free music online. (157) Since music artists and record companies were uncompensated when
consumers downloaded ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(19) There is no doubt that downloading and CD–R burning are cutting into sales, and that it is the
major means by which the majority of artists make a living from. Although touring is another source
of income it is impossible for it to fund an entire career. There are of course, some artists that are
reaching stardom and able to make a very substantial living, but as the CRIA said, for the industry
that has invested in them, those profits are turned right back into funding new artists. So if
consumers want a wide variety of music and their favorite artists to succeed, than they must support
them by buying their music, plain and simple. So what can be done to decrease music piracy?
Besides creating new laws, and suing P2P websites for copyright infringement there are other fronts
being explored. On the technological front labels are working with several companies in creating a
more secure music format. One example is DRM–wrapped digital files and streams. A process used
to limit the usage of digital content. Other options include copy–protected CD's, and products like
Data–Play, DVD–Audio and SACD, which basically only allow access of information to one
specific user. On the commercial side of the fight, record companies are beginning to offer much
lower prices, new legitimate digital services, as well as many special features like

The Impact Of Technology On The Past Years
Vijay Jidla
Managing Emerging Technology
CIS–629
Prof: Karla Carter
Bellevue University
Dt: 06/08/15
Abstract
The technology in nineteenth century is referred to the practical arts used to create physical products
everything from wagon to steam engine. But in twentieth century the word was expanded to include
everything involved in satisfying human material wants. In this we can see the concepts and
significance of the technology, how the technology emerged, what is the internal process of
technology, and classification of technology. For this term project I would like to talk about the file
sharing technology. There are many advantages of the file sharing technology, when compare to the
past years it provides many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Out of many technologies I would like to choose "File Sharing Technology" which is a product of
engineering science to study the natural world. File sharing has been an element of centralized
server and multi–client PC frameworks for a long time. With the appearance of the Internet, a
document exchange framework called the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) has turn out to be broadly
utilized. FTP can be utilized to get to (peruse and potentially keep in touch with) records shared
among a specific arrangement of clients with a watchword to get entrance to documents shared from
a FTP server site. Numerous FTP destinations offer open record sharing or possibly the capacity to
view or duplicate documents by downloading them, utilizing an open watchword (which happens to
be "mysterious"). Most Web webpage designers use FTP to transfer new or changed Web documents
to a Web server, and for sure the World Wide Web itself can be considered as extensive scale record
partaking in which asked for pages or records are continually being downloaded or replicated down
to the Web client.
However, file sharing implies a system in which client keep in touch with and in additional read
files or in which clients are dispensed some measures of space for individual records on a typical
server, offering access to different client as they see fit. The recent sort of record sharing is basic in
schools and colleges. File sharing can be

A Brief Note On Peer And Peer ( P2p )
Peer–to–peer (P2P) networking is a network of computers that have the capability of being either a
client or a server. Furthermore, P2P is the use of your own personal computer for the purpose of
more than just basic client only tasks. Peers on a network are able to share resources, storage space,
and processing power directly available to others hosts on the network without the need of a
centralized communications model like the client/server model. Each user of the network is both a
supplier and a consumer of the resources provided on the network. Because peers are not connected
to a central server it removes the risk of losing data through a central server crash.
One of the most widely known forms of Peer to Peer networking is simply instant messaging. This
is P2P in its simplest form. AOL, Facebook, MSN, are all examples of software that uses Peer to
Peer networking in order to allow users to message one another in real time. The goal of P2P is to
make things faster and safer, so it makes sense that many companies have moved to implementing
instant messaging as a standard of communication.
Another use of Peer to Peer networking is for illegal purposes. Many of us have heard of the widely
famous software Napster. It was originally known as the pioneer behind peer to peer file sharing.
Napster was commonly used for the purpose free music downloading. Users from all around would
come and upload free music, but the problem with this was copyright infringement. Many

Limewire: the Rise and Fall of File Sharing
Limewire: The Rise and Fall of File Sharing When I was in middle school, the biggest way to get
music for free was a website named Limewire. Nothing was more exciting than to be able to hear a
song on the radio then go home and download it to our desktops. Also cool, was the fact that if one
of us didn't have a song, our friend could simply "burn" it onto a c.d. for us. That was the only way
we knew how to get music, aside from going out and buying the whole album. Apple's iTunes was
just starting out and iPods were just being created. Limewire was the way to go. Little did we know
that Limewire was illegal and costing singers, songwriters, labels, and everyone associated with just
one song, huge amounts of money. Limewire was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After the start of the suit in 2006, they launched a paying service named Limewire Store. This
pacified some labels but given the overwhelming number of illegal downloads still happening, the
majority of labels didn't seem satisfied. The executives involved in the suit also said that the
company should pay more than 1 billion dollars in damages for their copyright violations. The
parties finally reached a settlement of 105 million dollars distributed to the various companies
respectively. While the record companies asked for the maximum penalty of 1.4 billion dollars, they
hoped that the huge victory would show other piracy sites and services that what they're doing is not
a game. Illegal downloads hurt the people who have put in the hard work, day in and day out. The
RIAA's chairman, Mitch Bainwol said it best, "As the court heard during the last two weeks,
Limewire wreaked enormous damage on the music community, helping contribute to thousands of
lost jobs and few opportunities for aspiring artists." In June of 2011, the RIAA and record
companies filed one more motion to permanently shut down the Limewire site and all services
connected to it. It injunction stated that Limewire hadn't changed their illegal practices since the
judgement. Judge Wood gave the site 2 weeks rebut the closing and give reason as to why it should
not be shut down. While that was going on,

Music File-Sharing- Right or Wrong? Essay
Music File–Sharing– Right or Wrong?
To file share or not to file share? That is the question. Should free music off the internet be legal?
Who is in the right– Napster or the music industry? There are some of the topics I hoped to discuss
when I invited four journalists to my house to debate the controversial issue of online music.
Ding–dong! "Uh–oh", I think, wiping my hands on a paper towel. "They must be here early." It's
six–thirty, my guests aren't due to arrive until seven, and I am already a half–hour behind. The
lobsters are still boiling on the stove, the chunky potatoes are rock–hard and my spinach salad lies in
pieces all over the kitchen floor. Things aren't off to such a good start.
I am supposed to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He has shoulder–length blonde hair that he has pulled back into a ponytail. He has chiseled features,
but not too chiseled. He is wearing gray tweed pants that are only slightly baggy, a black woolen
sweater and a hemp necklace. "Wow, nice place," he remarks as he walks into my dining room. "Do
you own this house?"
"Yeah, I do.." I reply, shaking my head to get out of my trance. He follows me into the kitchen, and,
seeing the state that it is in, offers to help me get ready. "It's a good thing I got here first. I don't
think that Michael Miller would appreciate this..." he remarks as he is chopping up a tomato for the
salad. "That guy is a total corporate pushover" he continues, his chopping getting a little bit more
intense.
I smile politely. I want to be completely impartial tonight, and I try very hard not to let what Tobey
is saying affect my opinion of Michael Miller, a journalist a PC Magazine. We work in silence for
about ten more minutes. By the time the doorbell rings again, the only thing left to do is drain the
water out of the potato pot. "Thank you so much for all your help," I exclaim as I walk to answer the
door. "You are a lifesaver!"
"No problem!" Tobey shouts after me. Who should be at the door, but Michael Miller. "Nice to meet
you" he says to me in a grave manner. He is a short, thin man of about 45, with graying hair. His
gray Armani suit looks a tad bit too big on him. "Goodness, Mr.

Piracy : Asset Not Annoyance
Piracy: Asset Not Annoyance The music industry claims to be suffering losses in large amounts due
to pirates. Apparently billions of dollars of money that could have been made is being taken away.
Peer–to–peer file sharing, born from the advancement of modern technology, has been a large aspect
of the internet for a couple of years, but still the music industry cannot figure out how to use it to
their advantage. The truth is that file sharing should be viewed as a good thing for the music
industry because it proves beyond any reasonable doubt that this industry is stricken with flaws;
music software is unrealistically expensive; industry based promotional techniques for bands are
ineffective; and as a whole, the music industry is using ancient methods of operation. Recording
quality is everything when it comes to music in modern times, but, without the use of file sharing, if
one wanted to have good recording quality, he/she would have to spend a ridiculous sum of money.
File sharing helps in this aspect. Anyone who is now interested in recording music can now
download top quality recording software, which would normally cost roughly a thousand dollars,
without spending a penny. The fact is common people do want to buy these products, but the price is
unreasonable for college students, young people, and beginners, especially when considering that
one out of seven Americans are officially considered poor (George). "The biggest reason why people
pirate," Jeff

Napster Ethical Issues
You read the newest interview of your favorite band talking with Rolling Stone. In that interview,
they are asked whom they are listening to these days. The answer is not what you expected. The rest
of the interview is all about this new band that they are raving about. Who is this new band, and why
do they seem so great?
You quickly log onto your computer and start downloading a song from this mysterious band. The
download completes, and the song is awesome! Now you know why this group is respected
musically by the ones you respect in the business. All thanks to the incredible MP3!
MP3 is a small compressed format that allows music to be downloaded quickly with very little
sacrifice in the sound quality. Moving Picture Experts ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most companies now provide a software that allows users to share files. They share by downloading
directly off of another user's hard drive (Auster).
The opposition states that MP3 does not offer copyright protection (Ferranti).Nick Petreley says, "I
don't want anyone to make money off of my ideas and work unless I give them permission to do so.
And if anyone does get my permission, I want a cut. The copyright issue[...]is simple: money." With
copyright laws intact, all of this sharing is illegal.
The courts think different. The reason Napster was in trouble with copyright laws is because it held
a database where the files were stored for users to download from. Other companies, like KaZaA,
don't have a database. They just provide the software needed to share files, computer to computer,
for users to swap. This is not illegal (Auster).
Christopher Knab gives this advice to emerging artists, "Hell, give your music away[...]do you want
fans or not?!" This is another advantage to MP3. New artists can benefit from this free system of
getting their music heard. All an inspiring musician needs is an internet connection and the
possibilities are unlimited. MP3 opens the door for hard–core music fans. These fans are the ones
who are always looking for new artists. They are the first to support them. They buy tickets to their
shows, buy their demo at the show, and are always looking forward to when they can hear them
next. These select people are the

P2p File Sharing Of Copyrighted Material
Dylan Crees
Iowa State University
Philosophy 343 – Dr. Tsou
May 4th, 2016
P2P File Sharing of Copyrighted Material
Introduction
Anyone who owns a computer that has a reliable internet connection can potentially download a
torrent client and participate in peer–to–peer file sharing. Using a web browser to download files
from websites is a lot different than downloading files from peers because instead of obtaining the
files from a web server you are obtaining the files directly from ordinary computers like your own,
hence the name peer–to–peer (P2P). A lot of people use P2P file sharing as way of sharing and
obtaining copyrighted material. In this paper I'll go over some of the details of P2P file sharing, why
it's such a big issue for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Often times popular television shows will be shared less than 24 hours after airing and this
availability plays a crucial role in the amount of people who are actively downloading and sharing.
As of May 4th, 2016 approximately 35,000 people are actively sharing Season 2 Episode 20 of The
Flash television series which aired the previous day on May 3rd. On top of that another 10,000+
people are downloading the same episode, and that's just a single torrent.
Screenshot taken from Kick Ass Torrents homepage (https://kat.cr/tv/).
All of these people are sharing/downloading a single episode of a television series. There are
thousands upon thousands of people sharing and downloading copyrighted material every second.
This includes movies, music, television shows, e–books, computer software, video games, etc. From
2008 to 2014 file sharing in North America increased a substantial 44% (Steele) and since 98.8
percent of all P2P file sharing data is copyrighted, this implies that the illegal sharing of intellectual
property using torrents and P2P file sharing has been climbing steadily. One of the reasons I think
that online piracy is becoming more popular is because it's extremely easy to do and a lot of people
don't even think they're doing anything wrong when downloading copyrighted material from the
internet. There are also an outrageous number of people who participate in online piracy and it's

Essay about Computer Piracy in The Music Industry
Computer Piracy (The Music Industry)
The music industry has had problems with computer piracy for many years now. There have been
many programs devoted to giving out free music. Many of these programs are well know, but still
very hard to stop. Napster, Kazaa, and the newest program, myTunes Redux are the most popular
programs for music sharing. This essay will explain all about these main programs which allow free
music to be shared all over the world.
File–sharing became big right around the time the Napster file–sharing program came out. Napster
is an online service which was invented by an 18–year–old college student that allows a user to see
song files residing on the hard drives of other users, and to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
(Wikipedia.org) The idea of users being responsible became a big deal because now the users were
the ones who were getting law suits. In September 2003, the RIAA filed suit in civil court against
several private individuals who had shared large numbers of files with Kazaa; most of these suits
were settled with monetary payments averaging $3,000. (Wikipedia.org) The idea of the user being
responsible caused many other file sharing companies to emerge from being hidden such as Ares
and WinMx. There was no need to worry because they could not get sued. This was a big part of
history with file sharing. However, there was another legal action that would be held.
On February 2004, the Australian Record Industry Association (ARIA) announced its own legal
action against Kazaa, alleging massive copyright breaches. The trial began on November 29, 2004.
On February 6, 2005 the homes of two Sharman Networks executives and the offices of Sharman
Networks in Australia were raided under a court order by ARIA to gather evidence for the trial. On
September 5, 2005, the Federal Court of Australia issued a landmark ruling that Sharman, though
not itself guilty of copyright infringement, had "authorised" Kazaa users to illegally swap
copyrighted songs. The court ruled six defendants – including Kazaa's owners Sharman Networks,
Sharman's Sydney–based boss Nikki Hemming and associate Kevin Bermeister – had

The Pros And Cons Of Criminals
Criminals typically commit crimes because they have justifications in their mind for their crimes.
These justifications typically fall under the theory of differential association by Edwin Sutherland
and techniques of neutralization by Sykes and Matza. These ways of thinking are usually socially
influenced by peer groups, which also lessens the burden of guilt a criminal should feel when they
commit a crime. With this diminished association they find it easier to commit crimes because they
do not feel like they are harming anyone or doing anything wrong since other people are doing the
same crimes as they are. Using the article, "Exploring the Provisional of Online Booter Services" by
Hutchins and Clayton (2016) and the article "Neutralizations and Rationalizations of Digital Piracy:
A Qualitative Analysis of University Students" by Moore and McMullen (2009), the differential
association theory and techniques of neutralization will be used to explain the rise in cyber related
crimes. In the 1940s, Edwin Sutherland developed the differential association theory. This theory
contains nine propositions which include the ideology that criminal behavior is learned through
social context within intimate peer groups. Within these peer groups, techniques of how to commit
crimes, motivations to commit crimes, rationalization of their behaviors and attitudes towards the
crimes they commit are skewed to be desensitized by the idea of getting in trouble. Another aspect
of the nine

Computer And Download Child Pornography
Alyssa Karrandjas
Mr. Andrez
CLN4U
Thursday October 29th, 2015
R. v. Spencer, 2014 SCC 43, [2014] 2 S.C.R. 212
Facts
Mr. Spencer, who lived with his sister, connected to the Internet through an account registered in his
sister's name. He used LimeWire, a free peer–to–peer file–sharing program, on his computer to
download child pornography from the Internet. Det. Sgt. Darren Parisien of the Saskatoon Police
Service, using publicly accessible software, searched for anyone sharing child pornography. He
could access whatever another user of the software had in his or her shared folder. He could also
obtain two numbers related to a given user: the IP address that matches to the specific Internet
connection through which a computer accesses the Internet and the globally unique identifier
(GUID) number assigned to each computer using particular software. The IP address of the
computer is displayed as part of the file–sharing process. Det. Sgt. Parisien created a list of IP
addresses for computers that had shared what he believed to be child pornography. He then ran that
list of IP addresses against a database which matches IP addresses with approximate locations. He
found that one of the IP addresses was suspected to be in Saskatoon, with Shaw as the ISP. Det. Sgt.
Parisien then determined that Mr. Spencer's computer was online and connected to LimeWire. He
was able to look through the shared folder. He saw an extensive amount of what he believed to be
child pornography. What he

Grommet Industries
Grommet Industries is facing some very tough business decisions to stabilize the company and
restructure to stimulate growth. The HR issues that I am now asked to address in our meeting with
Mr. Ramon include identifying the issues we are facing, the options we have to work with, and
strategies to use for implementation. The employee's morale is low, they feel undervalued and
unappreciated. With inflation rates and lack of raises their take home pay is less than before and the
employee's perception is that the company is doing well. During some tough years before, the
employees that remained had pulled together and working harder to help keep the company open,
they now feel that since business is good, they have not been appreciated or recognized for their
commitment. They are concerned about their benefits plan and pension changes that may be
happening. With this business in some financial trouble, as offshore competitors continue to drive
down profits, we see a difficult dilemma for solutions to quickly turn the business around while
addressing the HR issues. It appears that cutting costs have been done extensively already and next
would be cutting bone impacting the business productivity negatively. Sales and marketing
strategies could be reviewed and changed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Looking at three approaches by Freeman and Cameron's (as cited in Lam, 2014, pg.137), we will
consider the changes in work design, changes in technology and change in structure. In addition we
will look at what Similarly and Cascio (as cited in Lam, 2014, pg. 137) suggest for steps to
restructuring. In these steps the most important action is to communicate to all employees of what is
being considered and what is going to happen. Also suggested is to seek employee's input for
making change which could include a round table meeting lead by Mr. Ramon

Operating Systems
Chapter 2 – Operating System Overview
TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS:
1) An OS should be constructed in such a way as to permit the effective development, testing, and
introduction of new system functions without interfering with service. (True)
2) The OS masks the details of the hardware from the programmer and provides the programmer
with a convenient interface for using the system. (True)
3) The ABI gives a program access to the hardware resources and services available in a system
through the user ISA. (False)
4)The OS frequently relinquishes control and must depend on the processor to allow it to regain
control. (True)
5)One of the driving forces in operating system evolution is advancement in the underlying
hardware technology. (True) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:
1)An _____ operating system (OS _____ is a program that controls the execution of application
programs and acts as an interface between applications and the computer hardware.
2) The portion of the monitor that is always in main memory and available for execution is referred
to as the ____ resident monitor _____ .
3) ____ Multithreading ______ is a technique in which a process, executing an application, is
divided into threads that can run concurrently.
4) Two major problems with early serial processing systems were scheduling and __ setup time
_____ .
5) The central idea behind the simple batch–processing scheme is the use of a piece of software
known as the ___ monitor ______ .
6) Any resource allocation and scheduling policy must consider three factors: Fairness, Differential
responsiveness, and ____ Efficiency ______ .
7) A ___ timer _______ is set at the beginning of each job to prevent any single job from
monopolizing the system.
8) The OS has five principal storage management responsibilities: process isolation, automatic
allocation and management, support of modular programming, protection and access control, and
_____ long–term storage _____ .
9) The earliest computers employed ____ serial ______ processing, a name derived by the way the
users have access to the systems.
10) ____ Multiprogramming ______ was designed to keep the

The Legal And Economic Concerns Of Copyright Laws
As computers and the Internet have become widespread illegally downloading files has become
cheaper and easier than ever before. Copyright laws are broken so often the basis of them are put
into question. Each new generation of musicians, writers, and artists face more difficult odds at
making a living from their passion. This paper will discuss the legal and economic concerns of
copyright laws. First, this paper will describe the background and history of copyright laws. Then,
this paper will cover the concepts of ownership and stealing. It will then discus file sharing and how
it has affected the entertainment industry. Finally, it will conclude with a look at how a hypothetical
system without copyright laws would function.
The World Intellectual Property Organization is an international organization whose purpose is
promoting innovation and creativity by ensuring that the rights of owners of intellectual property
and creators are globally protected, and that authors and inventors are thus rewarded and recognized
for their ingenuity.[1] The term intellectual property refers to the creations of the human mind and
includes patents, trademarks, trade secrets and copyright.[1] Copyright allows the creator to have
full control over reproduction, distribution, ownership, broadcasting, communicating to the public,
performing publicly, renting, and the right to distort or modify their work.[1]
The origin of copyright came from the need to protect book authors from printing press

What's Wrong With Downloading Music? Essay
What's Wrong? Everyone is Doing it
Ever since 18–year–old Shawn Fanning created Napster in his Northeastern University dorm room
in 1999, downloading and sharing music online has become one of the most popular things to do on
the Internet today. But why wouldn't it? Getting all your favorite songs from all your favorite artists
for free, who wouldn't want to start sharing music? The answer to that question are the people who
feel that stealing from the music industry is not morally right, because that is exactly what every
person who shares music is doing. People who download music think it's something they can get
away with but now it might be payback time to a lot of those people.
The record industries says that on an average ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are a number of different opinions on whether people think downloading music is legal or
illegal. An Internet site, CBBC Newsround, asked for opinions on the subject. Lee, a fifteen–year–
old from Newcastle, clearly shows that he sees nothing wrong with downloading music when he
wrote, "I think that it doesn't matter if you download music from the net because the singles cost too
much in the shops. If the prices where lowered to around $8–10 then CDs may not be downloaded
as much. But nothing will stop people from downloading music files illegally; I think people
downloading music are not wrong to download music at all"(CBBC).
Though Jenny, a thirteen–year–old from Kent, thinks a little different when she responded, "I used
to download music all the time, but now people are getting sued in America and I'm not brave
enough to do it any more"(CBBC). So the action taken by the RIAA has changed some people's
views about the downloading of songs, but there sure hasn't stopped the majority. A lot of the people
do not even think of sharing music as stealing, when technically they are getting the music for free.
The downloading of music is also upsetting the artists who are writing and performing the songs.
They spend months putting together CDs that people around the world will enjoy. According to an
article from CBC News over 100 recording stars including Madonna, Sting, Luciano Pavarotti, B.B.
King, Faith Hill, Dr. Dre,

Benefits Of The File Sharing Technology
The technology in nineteenth century is referred to the practical arts used to create physical products
everything from wagon to steam engine. But in twentieth century the word was expanded to include
everything involved in satisfying human material wants. In this we can see the concepts and
significance of the technology, how the technology emerged, what is the internal process of
technology, and classification of technology. For this term project I would like to talk about the file
sharing technology. There are many advantages of the file sharing technology, when compare to the
past years it provides many services like cloud and internet services that we can use in terms of our
work, and make it easier for the studies.
CONCEPT & DEFINITION OF TECHNOLOGY:
Technology is a Greek word where techno means systematic skill needed to make something.
Technology means discussion or knowledge of something. With various definitions technology it
also means a systematic skilled knowledge & action. Usually used in industrial process, but it is
applicable to any process of activity. Technology can be defined as the sum of knowledge which
allows things to be done in a better way. Technology is the technical means people use to improve
their surroundings. It is people using knowledge, tools, and systems to make their lives easier and
better. It is the process by which humans modify nature to meet their needs & wants.
Out of many technologies I would like to choose "File Sharing

The Epidemic Of Illegal File Sharing
Music Industry in America is one of the most powerful music industries in the world and it consists
of many record labels, nevertheless, the top three major labels are Universal Music Group, Sony
Music Entertainment, and Warner Music Group. Most of music industries earn revenue by creating
and selling their goods to music consumers and also music retailers. In the past, major labels or
music companies sold their products through sheet music (the handwritten or printed form of music
notation) then developed to vinyl records, cassettes, and CDs.
Bhattacharjee, S et al. (2006: 92) evidently reported the situation of illegal file sharing in 2003 and
suggested the method to discard the problem that:
In response to this "epidemic of illegal file sharing" (RIAA 2003a), on June 26, 2003, RIAA
redirected legal threats toward individual subscribers of these networks who, in the past, enjoyed
anonymity in P2P environments. Prior to RIAA's recent legal efforts, individual file sharers were
almost completely immune from legal liability when violating copyright law. These recent legal
developments have considerably altered that perceived notion (Graham 2003; Lichtman 2003).
Owing to the impracticality of filing lawsuits against every individual file sharer, RIAA has chosen
to focus on a relatively small group of individuals and maximize the publicity surrounding its legal
action to discourage the overall participation in file‐sharing networks.
However, this problem still exist in USA

Company Analysis : Canada Chemicals Corporation Essay
Production Line Staff Production line workers are the employees who are usually doing their work
by hand or in this day and age, running the machine or equipment to make the products. In this
particular case, Canada Chemicals Corporation utilizes their production employees by producing
industrial chemicals. These production worker's jobs are a lot more complete then other production
level workers employees as they usually have plenty of skill, knowledge and experience, and have
high educational background. In order to reverse recent challenges with production and sales, I have
composed a compensation package for these employees that will motivate them intrinsically, and
focus on rewards that are extrinsic. First off, I have chosen to select a 48% distribution for the base
pay section of the compensation package. As the CEO, I am taking into consideration the nature of
the work, and the external forces that surround our company such as market pricing and and
competition. In order to assure that our employees feel that as a company we are committed to our
employees, and that they are financially secure, we are putting all of our base pay into the well–
known system, Pay for Knowledge. This means that we are compensating our employees for the
knowledge, value of skills, and competencies that our employees hold. As noted before, our
production line workers have to acquire a high–level of skill and experiences, and also have multiple
certificates from technical schools.

Illegal P2P File Sharing Essay example
About 5 years ago Napster, a network software application, was being used to download music files.
The network was growing faster than anybody who ever started it would have imagined. When
artists, songwriters, and all of the other people involved in making CD's realized that this wasn't
going to slow down any time soon, they decided that they needed to stop Napster. Little by little,
Napster was being less used and it became harder to find the songs wanted until nobody used it
anymore. When all of this was happening, other applications were made available. Kazaa and
Grokster are probably the two most used Peer to Peer, or P2P file sharing networks you can find,
although there are many others.
The Recording Industry Association of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It goes much farther than that.
What they say obviously has to be true because its logical. With all of the people that are involved in
getting CD's out to the public, every person only gets a small fraction of the cost of each CD. When
one person burns one CD rather than buying it, not much is effected. But CD's are getting burned by
millions. Even more than burning CD's, music is illegally and unthoughtfully being downloaded. It
has to be a lot considering lawsuits are only being held against people downloading over thousands
of songs copyrighted to the musicians (RIAA 1). The article also states that "In today's first
round of lawsuits, RIAA member companies filed copyright infringement claims against 261
individual file sharers." (RIAA 2). Just those few people caught have to have over 261,000
files. Say a CD contains an average of 15 songs and costs an average of $15. Simple calculations
show that over $261,000 is lost. When every person that downloads files is taken into account, these
numbers have to multiply. There are good reasons not to download music.
If the main reasoning for downloading music is because CD's are too expensive, think about this for
a second. For anybody to make a profit off of music, prices have to be reasonable. If more CD's
were being bought, the prices would probably be dropped. Prices for concert tickets and other
merchandise would probably be cheaper too. Because the music industry is being cheated,

Cis 324 Computer Ethics

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