Chose one person to reply to:
ALBORES
1. Were Manning’s actions legal under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and what are the possible penalties for violating the act?
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act states (1977) “It shall be unlawful for any issuer...to offer, payment, promise to pay, or authorization of the payment of any money, or offer, gift, promise to give... “. Manning assumed the duty of an issuer because he attended dinner with the prime minister to discuss the contract. Then, Manning offered to fly the prime minister to New York, which he then promised to pay for all of the prime minister's expenses. However, according to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (1977) a promise or offer is acceptable if the expense was ”reasonable and bona fide expenditure, such as travel and lodging expenses, incurred by or on behalf of a foreign official… was directly related to the promotion, demonstration, or explanation of products or services”. Manning promised to fly out the prime minister because he wanted to “discuss business further” (UMUC, 2019). Further, Manning used company funds to take the prime minister to luxurious activities and restaurants because he wanted to retain the contract from the prime minister.
Even though Manning did not directly give money to the prime minister, he authorized payment for the prime minster’s two-week stay, which did not involve discussing the contract. Out of the two weeks, business was only conducted for a day. In addition, Manning can be held responsible for bribing the customs officials at Neristan. According to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (1977), it is unlawful to influence “any act or decision of such foreign official in his official capacity... omit to do any act in violation of the lawful duty of such official”. Manning influenced the customs officials because Manning gave each custom official $100 to clear the shipment. Custom officials act on behalf of the Neristan government and sometimes require large shipments to be inspected. Manny will likely be held responsible for offering payment to the customs officials in exchange for expediting the company’s shipment.
If Manning violated the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, he could face imprisonment. Also, the company may have to pay the penalty. The penalty for violating the act is “a fine of up to $2 million per violation. Likewise, an individual may face up to five years in prison and/or a fine of $250,000 per violation of the anti-bribery provision” (Woody, 2018, p. 275).
2. Were Manning’s actions legal under the UK Bribery Act and what are the possible penalties for violating the act?
Based on the UK Bribery Act (2010), an individual is guilty of bribing an official if “intention is to influence F (government official) in F's capacity as a foreign public official...intend to obtain or retain business, or an advantage in the conduct of business.”. Manning bribed the prime minister because he stated: “If, after we are done conducting busi.
This presentation on the new global law enforement effort against corruption, white collar crime, and anti-trust/anticartel behavior was first presented in London in November 2008. The presenters followed up with a presentation in November of 2009 in St. Louis. Copyright HBS and AG, 2008 and 2009.
All product and company names mentioned herein are for identification and educational purposes only and are the property of, and may be trademarks of, their respective owners.
North American countries have implemented anti-corruption laws. Should other areas adopt such practices? What impact would such laws have on business in a region?
This presentation on the new global law enforement effort against corruption, white collar crime, and anti-trust/anticartel behavior was first presented in London in November 2008. The presenters followed up with a presentation in November of 2009 in St. Louis. Copyright HBS and AG, 2008 and 2009.
All product and company names mentioned herein are for identification and educational purposes only and are the property of, and may be trademarks of, their respective owners.
North American countries have implemented anti-corruption laws. Should other areas adopt such practices? What impact would such laws have on business in a region?
The Cost of Doing Business? Laws Against Bribery of Foreign Public OfficialsNow Dentons
In this presentation, Alan Monk looks at the laws against bribery of foreign Public Officials. Giving an overview of the Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act (Canada), the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (United States), and the Bribery Act (United Kingdom) as well as what companies can do in response to the legislation.
1 The FCPA and why it Matters October 04, 2010 .docxhoney725342
1
The FCPA and why it Matters
October 04, 2010
Michael Osajda
The History, the Details and the Significance of the FCPA
The year is 1977. The place is Washington, D.C. The forum is the United States Congress. The
94th Congress, which ended its term on January 3, 1977, and the 95th Congress both obtain
information revealing evidence of payments from U.S. businesses to foreign governmental
officials and political parties. The payments exceed $300 million and were made either to secure
favorable action by foreign governments, or to prompt government functionaries to discharge
their administrative or clerical duties. The companies accused of the payments represent a wide
range of industrial sectors; drugs and health care, oil and gas production and services, food
products, aerospace, airlines and air services, and chemicals.1
These embarrassing revelations were discussed by the Congress on a number of levels, most
notably their impact on international relations, their reflection on the state of U.S. business
ethics, and their effect on competition.
On the level of international relations, while détente with the Soviet Union had commenced, the
Cold War was still a fact of life. There was an active struggle for worldwide influence between
the Soviet Union and the United States. In that context, Congress stated that corporate bribery
had foreign policy implications. These scandals lent ―credence to the suspicions sown by foreign
opponents of the United States that American enterprises exert a corrupting influence on the
political processes of their nations.‖2
There were also ethical and business levels to the issue. Congress flatly stated the obvious: ―The
payment of bribes to influence the acts or decisions of foreign officials, foreign political parties
or candidates for foreign political office is unethical. It is counter to the moral expectations and
values of the American public.‖3 These sentiments resonated in Washington in 1977. While
President Jimmy Carter’s credentials as an economic leader or as the Commander-in-Chief of the
Armed Forces may have been questioned by his critics, his role as a proponent of moral and
ethical behavior was an important part of his presidency. President Gerald Ford signed the
Helsinki Accords on human rights, but Jimmy Carter elevated the principles contained in the
Accords in importance during his term.4
Finally, on the pure business level, Congress concluded that the corrupt activity that had been
presented was bad business. It skewed the economic transaction. Rather than quality, service,
salesmanship, price, or other factors being rewarded, corruption was paramount. Exposure of
such activity could also have negative consequences for the company involved. It could ―damage
a company’s image, lead to costly lawsuits, cause the cancellation of contracts, and result in the
appropriation of valuable assets overseas.‖5
2
With this ...
Bangladesh should have similar anti bribe law to make the bribe payer be penalized and that: Business should have 'adequate procedures' to prevent bribery, hospitality, publicity, insider information, and donations to charity could all be considered as bribes in certain circumstances.
CHAPTER 7 Criminal Law and CybercrimeNew York Police Departmen.docxbissacr
CHAPTER 7 Criminal Law and Cybercrime
New York Police Department, Times Square, New York City
Criminal cases make up a large portion of cases tried in U.S. courts. Criminal cases are bought against persons for violating federal, state, and local laws. Suspected criminals are given many rights by the U.S. Constitution and state constitutions. Parties in the United States are free from unreasonable searches and seizures of evidence, and any evidence obtained illegally is considered tainted evidence and cannot be used in court. People who are suspected of a criminal act may assert their right of privilege against self-incrimination and may choose not to testify at any pretrial proceedings or at trial. Parties have a right to a public trial by a jury of their peers. In addition, if convicted of a crime, the criminal is free from cruel and unusual punishment.
Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
1. List and describe the essential elements of a crime.
2. Describe criminal procedure, including arrest, indictment, arraignment, and the criminal trial.
3. Identify and define business and white-collar crimes.
4. List and describe cybercrimes.
5. Explain the constitutional safeguards provided by the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
Chapter Outline
1. Introduction to Criminal Law and Cybercrime
2. Definition of a Crime
1. CONTEMPORARY ENVIRONMENT • Criminal Acts as the Basis for Tort Actions
3. Criminal Procedure
4. Common Crimes
1. ETHICS • Murder Conviction Upheld on Appeal
5. Business and White-Collar Crimes
1. BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT • Corporate Criminal Liability
6. Cybercrimes
1. DIGITAL LAW • The Internet and Identity Theft
2. Case 7.1 • United States v. Barrington
7. Fourth Amendment Protection From Unreasonable Search and Seizure
1. Case 7.2 • U.S. SUPREME COURT CASE • Navarette v. California
2. Case 7.3 • U.S. SUPREME COURT CASE • Maryland v. King
3. Case 7.4 • U.S. SUPREME COURT CASE • Riley v. California and United States v. Wurie
8. Fifth Amendment Privilege Against Self-Incrimination
1. Case 7.5 • Ragland v. Commonwealth of Kentucky
9. Other Constitutional Protections
1. GLOBAL LAW • France Does Not Impose the Death Penalty
“It is better that ten guilty persons escape than that one innocent suffer.”
—Sir William Blackstone Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765)
Introduction to Criminal Law and Cybercrime
For members of society to coexist peacefully and for commerce to flourish, people and their property must be protected from injury by other members of society. Federal, state, and local governments’ criminal laws are intended to afford this protection by providing an incentive for persons to act reasonably in society and imposing penalties on persons who violate the laws.
There can be no equal justice where the kind of trial a man gets depends on the amount of money he has.
Justice Black
Griffin v. Illinois 351 U.S. 12, 76 S.Ct. 585, 1956 U.S. Lexis 1059 (1956)
The Uni.
Occupy Wall Street through Legislative Reform, NCPERS 2012Reed Kathrein
Starting with the Great Depression, legislative reforms were put in place to protect U.S. investors
Over the last 17 years, Congress and the U.S Supreme Court have stripped investors of much protections
In the current “Occupy” environment, sentiment may be running high for legislative re-reforms. This presentation discusses the Supreme Court cases of Citizens United, Morrison and Stoneridge and possible legislative roll-backs.
Christian Schussele Men of ProgressOil on canvas, 1862Coope.docxtroutmanboris
Christian Schussele Men of Progress
Oil on canvas, 1862
Cooper Union, New York, New York
Transfer from the National Gallery of Art; gift of Andrew W. Mellon, 1942
NPG.65.60
Edward Sorel, “People of Progress” 1999, Cooper Union, New York, New York
Syllabus
The clerks of the Department of State of the United States may be called upon to give evidence of transactions in the Department which are not of a confidential character.
The Secretary of State cannot be called upon as a witness to state transactions of a confidential nature which may have occurred in his Department. But he may be called upon to give testimony of circumstances which were not of that character.
Clerks in the Department of State were directed to be sworn, subject to objections to questions upon confidential matters.
Some point of time must be taken when the power of the Executive over an officer, not removable at his will, must cease. That point of time must be when the constitutional power of appointment has been exercised. And the power has been exercised when the last act required from the person possessing the power has been performed. This last act is the signature of the commission.
If the act of livery be necessary to give validity to the commission of an officer, it has been delivered when executed, and given to the Secretary of State for the purpose of being sealed, recorded, and transmitted to the party.
In cases of commissions to public officers, the law orders the Secretary of State to record them. When, therefore, they are signed and sealed, the order for their being recorded is given, and, whether inserted inserted into the book or not, they are recorded.
When the heads of the departments of the Government are the political or confidential officers of the Executive, merely to execute the will of the President, or rather to act in cases in which the Executive possesses a constitutional or legal discretion, nothing can be more perfectly clear than that their acts are only politically examinable. But where a specific duty is assigned by law, and individual rights depend upon the performance of that duty, it seems equally clear that the individual who considers himself injured has a right to resort to the laws of his country for a remedy.
The President of the United States, by signing the commission, appointed Mr. Marbury a justice of the peace for the County of Washington, in the District of Columbia, and the seal of the United States, affixed thereto by the Secretary of State, is conclusive testimony of the verity of the signature, and of the completion of the appointment; and the appointment conferred on him a legal right to the office for the space of five years. Having this legal right to the office, he has a consequent right to the commission, a refusal to deliver which is a plain violation of that right for which the laws of the country afford him a remedy.
To render a mandamus a proper remedy, the officer to whom it is directed must be one to who.
Christian EthicsChristian ethics deeply align with absolutism. E.docxtroutmanboris
Christian Ethics
Christian ethics deeply align with absolutism. Ethical absolutism claims that moral principles do exist. According to Christians, God created moral absolutes. These absolutes can be seen in God’s revelation. God’s special and general revelation reveal his moral truths. This does not mean that only Christians can understand moral truths. Because humans are made in God’s image, they can recognize moral truths even if they do not believe in God
[1]
. These absolutes were instated by God. Therefore, they apply to all of humanity. This worldview is in direct opposition to the idea of relativism. Christian ethics cannot be viewed through a relativistic point of view. According to relativism, there is no moral truths. There is no absolute distinction between right and wrong within this way of thinking. Right and wrong can be decided by individuals or groups of people. Cultures decide what is right for themselves and their way of life. Even individuals have the ability to decide their own personal moral code. This can seem somewhat reasonable at times. Some things that were considered moral or immoral in the past are viewed differently today. Even with this understanding, Christians deny the idea of relativism. Christians hold to the belief that moral truths come from God. Therefore, these truths do not change. God himself never changes; therefore, his moral truths remain the same. According to Christian ethics, mankind is expected to hold to the moral absolutes mandated by God himself. This understanding is not compatible with relativism. Relativism makes no place of a God. From a relativistic point of view, mankind decides their own morality. Right and wrong are not fixed. In Christian ethics, right and wrong are permanently decided by the God of the universe.
The subjective aspects of Christian ethics can look similar to relativism. The areas that are somewhat subjective in Christian aspects are referred to as the liberties of a Christian. There are some matters that are not said to be morally wrong in the Bible. Some see these issues to be wrong; therefore, they are. Others do not find certain issues to be morally wrong. These individuals are claiming their Christian liberty. One of these issues is drinking alcohol. Some Christians believe that ingesting any amount of alcohol is morally wrong. According to the idea of Christian liberty, it would be wrong for the individuals who hold to this belief to drink alcohol. Others do not have this conviction and are not doing wrong by consuming alcohol. On the surface, the idea of Christian liberty can seem to be related to relativism, but upon closer inspection these ideas are not closely related. Christian liberty is a Biblical concept that harmonize well with the overall message of the Bible. Relativism is nowhere found in the Bible. The Bible is clear that there are universal moral laws. These laws are placed upon humanity by God himself. There are some areas where the Bible remain.
Christian Ethics BA 616 Business Ethics Definiti.docxtroutmanboris
Christian Ethics
BA 616 Business Ethics
Definition of Christian Ethics
A system of values based upon the Judeo/Christian Scriptures
Principles of behavior in concordance with the behaviors of Christian teachings
Standards of thought and behavior as taught by Jesus.
Discussion
What are some of the “ethical” attributes presented in the teachings of Jesus?
What are some ethical attributes presented in the teachings of other religious persons?
Quotes about Christian Ethics
Quotes on Christian Ethics
Recognize the value of work
“And when you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not reap your field right up to its edge, nor shall you gather the gleanings after your harvest. You shall leave them for the poor and for the sojourner: I am the Lord your God.” (Leviticus 23:22).
Do not give the poor the food, rather allow the poor to work for themselves
Discussion
What are examples of the value of work?
Today, some U.S. state governors are trying to get those “able bodied” individuals to work for welfare. They are meeting great resistance politically, why do you think this is?
The value of work
Confirmed by Elton Mayo
Fulfills social, psychological and economic needs of the individual
“If a man will not work, he shall not eat” (2 Thessalonians 3:10)
Christian Ethics
The fruit of a people that have inwardly committed their lives to Christ and are outwardly aligning their actions with His teachings.
“May the favor of the Lord our God rest on us; establish the work of our hands for us— yes, establish the work of our hands” (Psalms. 90:17).
Employees with a Christian Code of Ethics
Welcome accountability
Happy to show their efforts
A system of checks and balances
Sees possible training moment
Fosters collaboration with management
“Those who work their land will have abundant food, but those who chase fantasies have no sense” (Proverbs 12:11)
Employees with a Christian Code of Ethics
Not motivated by greed
Work is its own reward
Measure success in a non-monetary way
Seek payment for the work they do
Money is second to obedience
“Whatever you do, work at it with all your heart, as working for the Lord, not for human masters” (Colossians 3:23).
Employees with a Christian Code of Ethics
Are highly productive
Are work focused
Work hard throughout the day
Find value in completing assigned tasks
Understand that they are there to work
“Diligent hands will rule, but laziness ends in forced labor” (Proverbs 12:24).
Employees with a Christian Code of Ethics
Have a strong work ethic
Believe in a Biblical perspective of work
Reliable
Recognize the value of work
Relate their job to their faith
“All hard work brings a profit, but mere talk leads only to poverty” (Proverbs 14:23)
Employees with a Christian Code of Ethics
Bring a cooperative spirit to the workplace
Supportive of management
Strong contribu.
CHPSI think you made a really good point that Howard lacks poli.docxtroutmanboris
CH/PS
I think you made a really good point that Howard lacks political aspects-especially for presidency. I have no heard his speeches quite yet (since I tend to stray away from politics altogether because people are so aggressive), do you think he is a great leader-type and is he charismatic at all? Great leaders, especially for presidency, should be honest, charismatic, and not only cater to the audience's needs but to the entire country's needs without sugar coating things.
Also, I am not sure what you mean by "In order to improve his leadership style, Jeff should change his model of carrying out business activities. This is because it can be copied and imitated by other companies (Mauri, 2016)".- how can it be imitted by other companies? In what way?
Do you think Jeff Bezos is a bad leader? and why?
CH/AR
I found your comparison of Howard Schultz and Jeff Bezos interesting and compelling. When I was looking at the list of leaders to select from, it was staggering to me how many of the corporate leaders have run or are planning to run for political office. I'm not sure, given our current political environment, that running a large corporation is the right background and experience for the leader of the United States. We'll see what happens in the next year and a half!
Amazon is an amazing, transformative company to watch. I work in the financial services industry and one of our leaders recently described our competition not as other financial services firms but as Amazon. Financial services firms pretty much all offer the same products and services and at a very reasonable price point. Amazon, however, has excelled in service delivery. I would imagine that at sometime in the future, Amazon will partner with a financial service firm to deliver products and services. I'll admit that I was and still am skeptical about Amazon's purchase of Whole Foods, but Bezos seems to be up for trying just about anything.
In your analysis of the two leaders, you didn't mention directly the challenges faced by either the leaders or the organization. Last year, Starbucks was all over the news regarding the incident involving two African American gentlemen and how they were treated by a manger at Starbucks. I'm curious how you or others in the class through about how Schultz led the organization through that crisis. Bezos, as well, has not been immune to controversy with his recent affair and divorce becoming public. How do the personal lives and behaviors of leader impact the organizations they lead? Should it matter?
SO
The first leader I chose to research is Sundar Pichai, the CEO of Google. Sundar began to show in interest in technology at an early age, and eventually earned a degree in Metallurgy, and an M.B.A from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. He then began working at Google in 2004 as the head of product management and development (Shepherd). From there, he assisted in the development of many different departme.
Chosen brand CHANELStudents are required to research a fash.docxtroutmanboris
Chosen brand:
CHANEL
Students are required to research a fashion brand of their choice and analyze its positioning strategy in the market.
● The report will assess students’ ability to collect data, in an efficient manner and use this data to scrutinise the marketing aspects of a fashion brand.
● The report will be covering the following subjects:
1. Analysis Of The Macro And Micro-environment of the brand.
2. Positioning Strategy Of The Brand: Target Customer(Pen Portrait)
3. Competitor Analysis.
4. Critical evaluation of the marketing communications strategy of the brand
supporting the development of the individual report, using relevant PRIMARY and SECONDARY RESEARCH.
NB: Please kindly devise a survey (Google forms) and make up some responses to it so as to then incorporate PRIMARY results into the report. Thanks
see attached file
word count: 2000 words
.
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The Cost of Doing Business? Laws Against Bribery of Foreign Public OfficialsNow Dentons
In this presentation, Alan Monk looks at the laws against bribery of foreign Public Officials. Giving an overview of the Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act (Canada), the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (United States), and the Bribery Act (United Kingdom) as well as what companies can do in response to the legislation.
1 The FCPA and why it Matters October 04, 2010 .docxhoney725342
1
The FCPA and why it Matters
October 04, 2010
Michael Osajda
The History, the Details and the Significance of the FCPA
The year is 1977. The place is Washington, D.C. The forum is the United States Congress. The
94th Congress, which ended its term on January 3, 1977, and the 95th Congress both obtain
information revealing evidence of payments from U.S. businesses to foreign governmental
officials and political parties. The payments exceed $300 million and were made either to secure
favorable action by foreign governments, or to prompt government functionaries to discharge
their administrative or clerical duties. The companies accused of the payments represent a wide
range of industrial sectors; drugs and health care, oil and gas production and services, food
products, aerospace, airlines and air services, and chemicals.1
These embarrassing revelations were discussed by the Congress on a number of levels, most
notably their impact on international relations, their reflection on the state of U.S. business
ethics, and their effect on competition.
On the level of international relations, while détente with the Soviet Union had commenced, the
Cold War was still a fact of life. There was an active struggle for worldwide influence between
the Soviet Union and the United States. In that context, Congress stated that corporate bribery
had foreign policy implications. These scandals lent ―credence to the suspicions sown by foreign
opponents of the United States that American enterprises exert a corrupting influence on the
political processes of their nations.‖2
There were also ethical and business levels to the issue. Congress flatly stated the obvious: ―The
payment of bribes to influence the acts or decisions of foreign officials, foreign political parties
or candidates for foreign political office is unethical. It is counter to the moral expectations and
values of the American public.‖3 These sentiments resonated in Washington in 1977. While
President Jimmy Carter’s credentials as an economic leader or as the Commander-in-Chief of the
Armed Forces may have been questioned by his critics, his role as a proponent of moral and
ethical behavior was an important part of his presidency. President Gerald Ford signed the
Helsinki Accords on human rights, but Jimmy Carter elevated the principles contained in the
Accords in importance during his term.4
Finally, on the pure business level, Congress concluded that the corrupt activity that had been
presented was bad business. It skewed the economic transaction. Rather than quality, service,
salesmanship, price, or other factors being rewarded, corruption was paramount. Exposure of
such activity could also have negative consequences for the company involved. It could ―damage
a company’s image, lead to costly lawsuits, cause the cancellation of contracts, and result in the
appropriation of valuable assets overseas.‖5
2
With this ...
Bangladesh should have similar anti bribe law to make the bribe payer be penalized and that: Business should have 'adequate procedures' to prevent bribery, hospitality, publicity, insider information, and donations to charity could all be considered as bribes in certain circumstances.
CHAPTER 7 Criminal Law and CybercrimeNew York Police Departmen.docxbissacr
CHAPTER 7 Criminal Law and Cybercrime
New York Police Department, Times Square, New York City
Criminal cases make up a large portion of cases tried in U.S. courts. Criminal cases are bought against persons for violating federal, state, and local laws. Suspected criminals are given many rights by the U.S. Constitution and state constitutions. Parties in the United States are free from unreasonable searches and seizures of evidence, and any evidence obtained illegally is considered tainted evidence and cannot be used in court. People who are suspected of a criminal act may assert their right of privilege against self-incrimination and may choose not to testify at any pretrial proceedings or at trial. Parties have a right to a public trial by a jury of their peers. In addition, if convicted of a crime, the criminal is free from cruel and unusual punishment.
Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
1. List and describe the essential elements of a crime.
2. Describe criminal procedure, including arrest, indictment, arraignment, and the criminal trial.
3. Identify and define business and white-collar crimes.
4. List and describe cybercrimes.
5. Explain the constitutional safeguards provided by the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
Chapter Outline
1. Introduction to Criminal Law and Cybercrime
2. Definition of a Crime
1. CONTEMPORARY ENVIRONMENT • Criminal Acts as the Basis for Tort Actions
3. Criminal Procedure
4. Common Crimes
1. ETHICS • Murder Conviction Upheld on Appeal
5. Business and White-Collar Crimes
1. BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT • Corporate Criminal Liability
6. Cybercrimes
1. DIGITAL LAW • The Internet and Identity Theft
2. Case 7.1 • United States v. Barrington
7. Fourth Amendment Protection From Unreasonable Search and Seizure
1. Case 7.2 • U.S. SUPREME COURT CASE • Navarette v. California
2. Case 7.3 • U.S. SUPREME COURT CASE • Maryland v. King
3. Case 7.4 • U.S. SUPREME COURT CASE • Riley v. California and United States v. Wurie
8. Fifth Amendment Privilege Against Self-Incrimination
1. Case 7.5 • Ragland v. Commonwealth of Kentucky
9. Other Constitutional Protections
1. GLOBAL LAW • France Does Not Impose the Death Penalty
“It is better that ten guilty persons escape than that one innocent suffer.”
—Sir William Blackstone Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765)
Introduction to Criminal Law and Cybercrime
For members of society to coexist peacefully and for commerce to flourish, people and their property must be protected from injury by other members of society. Federal, state, and local governments’ criminal laws are intended to afford this protection by providing an incentive for persons to act reasonably in society and imposing penalties on persons who violate the laws.
There can be no equal justice where the kind of trial a man gets depends on the amount of money he has.
Justice Black
Griffin v. Illinois 351 U.S. 12, 76 S.Ct. 585, 1956 U.S. Lexis 1059 (1956)
The Uni.
Occupy Wall Street through Legislative Reform, NCPERS 2012Reed Kathrein
Starting with the Great Depression, legislative reforms were put in place to protect U.S. investors
Over the last 17 years, Congress and the U.S Supreme Court have stripped investors of much protections
In the current “Occupy” environment, sentiment may be running high for legislative re-reforms. This presentation discusses the Supreme Court cases of Citizens United, Morrison and Stoneridge and possible legislative roll-backs.
Similar to Chose one person to reply to ALBORES 1. Were Manning’s acti.docx (16)
Christian Schussele Men of ProgressOil on canvas, 1862Coope.docxtroutmanboris
Christian Schussele Men of Progress
Oil on canvas, 1862
Cooper Union, New York, New York
Transfer from the National Gallery of Art; gift of Andrew W. Mellon, 1942
NPG.65.60
Edward Sorel, “People of Progress” 1999, Cooper Union, New York, New York
Syllabus
The clerks of the Department of State of the United States may be called upon to give evidence of transactions in the Department which are not of a confidential character.
The Secretary of State cannot be called upon as a witness to state transactions of a confidential nature which may have occurred in his Department. But he may be called upon to give testimony of circumstances which were not of that character.
Clerks in the Department of State were directed to be sworn, subject to objections to questions upon confidential matters.
Some point of time must be taken when the power of the Executive over an officer, not removable at his will, must cease. That point of time must be when the constitutional power of appointment has been exercised. And the power has been exercised when the last act required from the person possessing the power has been performed. This last act is the signature of the commission.
If the act of livery be necessary to give validity to the commission of an officer, it has been delivered when executed, and given to the Secretary of State for the purpose of being sealed, recorded, and transmitted to the party.
In cases of commissions to public officers, the law orders the Secretary of State to record them. When, therefore, they are signed and sealed, the order for their being recorded is given, and, whether inserted inserted into the book or not, they are recorded.
When the heads of the departments of the Government are the political or confidential officers of the Executive, merely to execute the will of the President, or rather to act in cases in which the Executive possesses a constitutional or legal discretion, nothing can be more perfectly clear than that their acts are only politically examinable. But where a specific duty is assigned by law, and individual rights depend upon the performance of that duty, it seems equally clear that the individual who considers himself injured has a right to resort to the laws of his country for a remedy.
The President of the United States, by signing the commission, appointed Mr. Marbury a justice of the peace for the County of Washington, in the District of Columbia, and the seal of the United States, affixed thereto by the Secretary of State, is conclusive testimony of the verity of the signature, and of the completion of the appointment; and the appointment conferred on him a legal right to the office for the space of five years. Having this legal right to the office, he has a consequent right to the commission, a refusal to deliver which is a plain violation of that right for which the laws of the country afford him a remedy.
To render a mandamus a proper remedy, the officer to whom it is directed must be one to who.
Christian EthicsChristian ethics deeply align with absolutism. E.docxtroutmanboris
Christian Ethics
Christian ethics deeply align with absolutism. Ethical absolutism claims that moral principles do exist. According to Christians, God created moral absolutes. These absolutes can be seen in God’s revelation. God’s special and general revelation reveal his moral truths. This does not mean that only Christians can understand moral truths. Because humans are made in God’s image, they can recognize moral truths even if they do not believe in God
[1]
. These absolutes were instated by God. Therefore, they apply to all of humanity. This worldview is in direct opposition to the idea of relativism. Christian ethics cannot be viewed through a relativistic point of view. According to relativism, there is no moral truths. There is no absolute distinction between right and wrong within this way of thinking. Right and wrong can be decided by individuals or groups of people. Cultures decide what is right for themselves and their way of life. Even individuals have the ability to decide their own personal moral code. This can seem somewhat reasonable at times. Some things that were considered moral or immoral in the past are viewed differently today. Even with this understanding, Christians deny the idea of relativism. Christians hold to the belief that moral truths come from God. Therefore, these truths do not change. God himself never changes; therefore, his moral truths remain the same. According to Christian ethics, mankind is expected to hold to the moral absolutes mandated by God himself. This understanding is not compatible with relativism. Relativism makes no place of a God. From a relativistic point of view, mankind decides their own morality. Right and wrong are not fixed. In Christian ethics, right and wrong are permanently decided by the God of the universe.
The subjective aspects of Christian ethics can look similar to relativism. The areas that are somewhat subjective in Christian aspects are referred to as the liberties of a Christian. There are some matters that are not said to be morally wrong in the Bible. Some see these issues to be wrong; therefore, they are. Others do not find certain issues to be morally wrong. These individuals are claiming their Christian liberty. One of these issues is drinking alcohol. Some Christians believe that ingesting any amount of alcohol is morally wrong. According to the idea of Christian liberty, it would be wrong for the individuals who hold to this belief to drink alcohol. Others do not have this conviction and are not doing wrong by consuming alcohol. On the surface, the idea of Christian liberty can seem to be related to relativism, but upon closer inspection these ideas are not closely related. Christian liberty is a Biblical concept that harmonize well with the overall message of the Bible. Relativism is nowhere found in the Bible. The Bible is clear that there are universal moral laws. These laws are placed upon humanity by God himself. There are some areas where the Bible remain.
Christian Ethics BA 616 Business Ethics Definiti.docxtroutmanboris
Christian Ethics
BA 616 Business Ethics
Definition of Christian Ethics
A system of values based upon the Judeo/Christian Scriptures
Principles of behavior in concordance with the behaviors of Christian teachings
Standards of thought and behavior as taught by Jesus.
Discussion
What are some of the “ethical” attributes presented in the teachings of Jesus?
What are some ethical attributes presented in the teachings of other religious persons?
Quotes about Christian Ethics
Quotes on Christian Ethics
Recognize the value of work
“And when you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not reap your field right up to its edge, nor shall you gather the gleanings after your harvest. You shall leave them for the poor and for the sojourner: I am the Lord your God.” (Leviticus 23:22).
Do not give the poor the food, rather allow the poor to work for themselves
Discussion
What are examples of the value of work?
Today, some U.S. state governors are trying to get those “able bodied” individuals to work for welfare. They are meeting great resistance politically, why do you think this is?
The value of work
Confirmed by Elton Mayo
Fulfills social, psychological and economic needs of the individual
“If a man will not work, he shall not eat” (2 Thessalonians 3:10)
Christian Ethics
The fruit of a people that have inwardly committed their lives to Christ and are outwardly aligning their actions with His teachings.
“May the favor of the Lord our God rest on us; establish the work of our hands for us— yes, establish the work of our hands” (Psalms. 90:17).
Employees with a Christian Code of Ethics
Welcome accountability
Happy to show their efforts
A system of checks and balances
Sees possible training moment
Fosters collaboration with management
“Those who work their land will have abundant food, but those who chase fantasies have no sense” (Proverbs 12:11)
Employees with a Christian Code of Ethics
Not motivated by greed
Work is its own reward
Measure success in a non-monetary way
Seek payment for the work they do
Money is second to obedience
“Whatever you do, work at it with all your heart, as working for the Lord, not for human masters” (Colossians 3:23).
Employees with a Christian Code of Ethics
Are highly productive
Are work focused
Work hard throughout the day
Find value in completing assigned tasks
Understand that they are there to work
“Diligent hands will rule, but laziness ends in forced labor” (Proverbs 12:24).
Employees with a Christian Code of Ethics
Have a strong work ethic
Believe in a Biblical perspective of work
Reliable
Recognize the value of work
Relate their job to their faith
“All hard work brings a profit, but mere talk leads only to poverty” (Proverbs 14:23)
Employees with a Christian Code of Ethics
Bring a cooperative spirit to the workplace
Supportive of management
Strong contribu.
CHPSI think you made a really good point that Howard lacks poli.docxtroutmanboris
CH/PS
I think you made a really good point that Howard lacks political aspects-especially for presidency. I have no heard his speeches quite yet (since I tend to stray away from politics altogether because people are so aggressive), do you think he is a great leader-type and is he charismatic at all? Great leaders, especially for presidency, should be honest, charismatic, and not only cater to the audience's needs but to the entire country's needs without sugar coating things.
Also, I am not sure what you mean by "In order to improve his leadership style, Jeff should change his model of carrying out business activities. This is because it can be copied and imitated by other companies (Mauri, 2016)".- how can it be imitted by other companies? In what way?
Do you think Jeff Bezos is a bad leader? and why?
CH/AR
I found your comparison of Howard Schultz and Jeff Bezos interesting and compelling. When I was looking at the list of leaders to select from, it was staggering to me how many of the corporate leaders have run or are planning to run for political office. I'm not sure, given our current political environment, that running a large corporation is the right background and experience for the leader of the United States. We'll see what happens in the next year and a half!
Amazon is an amazing, transformative company to watch. I work in the financial services industry and one of our leaders recently described our competition not as other financial services firms but as Amazon. Financial services firms pretty much all offer the same products and services and at a very reasonable price point. Amazon, however, has excelled in service delivery. I would imagine that at sometime in the future, Amazon will partner with a financial service firm to deliver products and services. I'll admit that I was and still am skeptical about Amazon's purchase of Whole Foods, but Bezos seems to be up for trying just about anything.
In your analysis of the two leaders, you didn't mention directly the challenges faced by either the leaders or the organization. Last year, Starbucks was all over the news regarding the incident involving two African American gentlemen and how they were treated by a manger at Starbucks. I'm curious how you or others in the class through about how Schultz led the organization through that crisis. Bezos, as well, has not been immune to controversy with his recent affair and divorce becoming public. How do the personal lives and behaviors of leader impact the organizations they lead? Should it matter?
SO
The first leader I chose to research is Sundar Pichai, the CEO of Google. Sundar began to show in interest in technology at an early age, and eventually earned a degree in Metallurgy, and an M.B.A from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. He then began working at Google in 2004 as the head of product management and development (Shepherd). From there, he assisted in the development of many different departme.
Chosen brand CHANELStudents are required to research a fash.docxtroutmanboris
Chosen brand:
CHANEL
Students are required to research a fashion brand of their choice and analyze its positioning strategy in the market.
● The report will assess students’ ability to collect data, in an efficient manner and use this data to scrutinise the marketing aspects of a fashion brand.
● The report will be covering the following subjects:
1. Analysis Of The Macro And Micro-environment of the brand.
2. Positioning Strategy Of The Brand: Target Customer(Pen Portrait)
3. Competitor Analysis.
4. Critical evaluation of the marketing communications strategy of the brand
supporting the development of the individual report, using relevant PRIMARY and SECONDARY RESEARCH.
NB: Please kindly devise a survey (Google forms) and make up some responses to it so as to then incorporate PRIMARY results into the report. Thanks
see attached file
word count: 2000 words
.
Choosing your literary essay topic on Disgrace by J. M. Coetzee .docxtroutmanboris
Choosing your literary essay topic on
Disgrace
by J. M. Coetzee is the first step to writing your literary analysis paper.
After reading the novel, you should be able to decide in which direction you'd like to take your paper.
Topics/ approaches
(Focus on only one of the following, though some may overlap):
Analyze one of the minor characters, such as Petrus.
Example
: Analyze not only the chosen characters' personality but also what role they played in advancing the overall theme of the novel.
The protagonist's conflict, the hurdles to be overcome, and how he resolves it.
Examples:
It could be hope for change, both in South Africa and in David Lurie. OR: the disgrace David Lurie has suffered over the affair with a student and how that matches the disgrace South Africa has suffered through apartheid.
The function of setting to reinforce theme and characterization.
Example
: post-apartheid South Africa is a setting arguably more important than anything else in the novel. Your outside sources would be a bit of history concerning apartheid.The use of literary devices to communicate theme: imagery, metaphor, symbolism, foreshadowing, irony
Symbolism in the novel--
Examples:
Determine if David Lurie represents the old, white authorities of South Africa, while Lucy represents the new white people of South Africa. OR: Analyze what dogs symbolize in this story. Another example: What is symbolized by the opera David Lurie is writing on Byron?
Careful examination of one or more central scenes and its/their crucial role in plot development, resolution of conflict, and exposition of the theme.
Example:
Analyze one or more scenes in which hope that change for the better is possible through a character's remorse and subsequent action, for example, the scene in which David Lurie apologizes to the parents OR the scene in which Lucy gets raped.
The possible issue to be addressed in introduction or conclusion:
Characteristics that make the work typical (or atypical) of the period, the setting, or the author that produced it. For this information, you must go to a library database (you must read "How to Access Miami Dade Databases" if you don't know how) or a valid search site, such as Google Scholar (there is often a fee for this one).
Do
not
open or close with biographical material on the author. Biographical material is important as it influences the author’s writing only and should not be a focus of your paper.
Guidelines for Literary Essay
Be aware that you will be writing about a novel, which in its broadest sense is any extended fictional narrative almost always in prose, in which the representation of character is often the focus. Good authors use the elements of fiction, such as plot, theme, setting etc. purposefully, with a very clear goal in mind. One of the paths to literary analysis is to discover what the author's purpose is with each of his choices. Avoid the problem th.
Choosing your Philosophical Question The Final Project is an opp.docxtroutmanboris
Choosing your Philosophical Question
The Final Project is an opportunity for you to investigate one of the discussion questions to a much greater degree than in the forums. For your Final Project you will choose a philosophical question (stage 1), conduct an analysis of the claims and arguments relevant to the question by reading the primary texts of the philosopher (stage 2), and then take a position on the chosen question and offer an argument in support of your position (stage 3).
For this first stage of your Final Project assignment, (a) choose a question that appears as a discussion question (listed below, with some exceptions). You may choose one that you have previously begun to answer in the discussion forums, or one that you have yet to consider, then (b) explain briefly why you are interested in exploring this philosopher, the primary text and the question further. Submit this assignment on a Word .docx.
Week Four: Philosopher: Thomas Aquinas, Primary Text: Summa Theologica, Part 1, Question 2, Article 1-3
Q1. Does God really exist?
Question to write on, and answer the question fully in all its parts. Be mindful of the question. You are making a claim about something and offering support for it. Try to use examples from the Primary Texts you have read and/or your own experiences in that support.
DISCUSSION QUESTION CHOICE #1: Philosophy of Religion. Study Aquinas' five "ways" of demonstrating God's existence in the learning resources then engage in the study of ontology by examining your belief in God:
Answer the question: Does God really exist?
Use Aquinas and your own reasoning in your argument.
Kreeft, Peter. A Shorter Summa: The Essential Philosophical Passages of St. Thomas Aquinas'
Summa Theologica, Ignatius Press (San Francisco, 1993), chapter II.
Summa Theologica, Part 1, Question 2, Articles 1-3
The Existence of God
Because the chief aim of sacred doctrine is to teach the knowledge of God, not only as He is in
Himself, but also as He is the beginning of things and their last end, and especially of rational
creatures, as is clear from what has been already said, therefore, in our endeavor to expound this
science, we shall treat: (1) Of God; (2) Of the rational creature’s advance towards God; (3) Of
Christ, Who as man, is our way to God.
In treating of God there will be a threefold division: For we shall consider (1) Whatever concerns
the Divine Essence; (2) Whatever concerns the distinctions of Persons; (3) Whatever concerns the
procession of creatures from Him
Concerning the Divine Essence, we must consider: (1) Whether God exists? (2) The manner of His
existence, or, rather, what is not the manner of His existence; (3) Whatever concerns His
operations — namely, His knowledge, will, power.
Concerning the first, there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether the proposition “God exists” is
self-evident? (2) Whether it is demonstrable? (3) Whether God exists?-
FIRST ARTICLE
Whether the Existence .
Choosing Your Research Method in a NutshellBy James Rice and.docxtroutmanboris
Choosing Your Research Method in a Nutshell
By James Rice and Marilyn K. Simon
Research Method Brief Type
Action research Participatory ‐ problem identification, solution,
solution review
III
Appreciative inquiry Helps groups identify solutions III, IV
Case Study research Group observation to determine how and why a
situation exists
III
Causal‐comparative research Identify causal relationship among variable that
can't be controlled
IV
Content analysis Analyze text and make inferences IV
Correlational research Collect data and determine level of correlation
between variables
I
Critical Incident technique Identification of determining incident of a critical
event
III
Delphi research Analysis of expert knowledge to forecast future
events
I, IV
Descriptive research Study of "as is" phenomena I
Design based research/ decision analysis Identify meaningful change in practices II
Ethnographic Cultural observation of a group
Evaluation research Study the effectiveness of an intervention or
program
IV
Experimental research Study the effect of manipulating a variable or
variables
II
Factor analysis Statistically assess the relationship between large
numbers of variables
I
Grounded Theory Produce a theory that explains a process based on
observation
III, IV
Hermeneutic research Study the meaning of subjects/texts (exegetics is
text only) by concentrating on the historical
meaning of the experience and its developmental
and cumulative effects on the individual and society
III
Historical research historical data collection and analysis of person or
organization
IV
Meta‐analysis research Seek patterns in data collected by other studies and
formulate principals
Narrative research Study of a single person's experiences
Needs assessment Systematic process of determine the needs of a
defined demographic population
Phenomenography Answer questions about thinking and learning
Phenomenology Make sense of lived experiences of participants
regarding a specified phenomenon.
III, IV
Quasi‐experimental Manipulation of variables in populations without
benefit of random assignment or control group.
II
Q‐method A mixed‐method approach to study subjectivity ‐
patterns of thought
I
Regression‐discontinuity design (RD) Cut‐off score assignment of participants to group
(non‐random) used to study effectiveness of an
intervention
II
Repertory grid analysis Interview process to determine how a person
interprets the meaning of an experience
I
Retrospective record review Study of historic data collected about a prior
intervention (both effected and control group)
II
Semiology Studies the meaning of symbols II, III
Situational analysis Post‐modernist approach to grounded theory
(holistic view rather than isolated variables) by
studying lived experiences around a phenomenon
Trend Analysis research Formulate a f.
Choose two of the systems (education, work, the military, and im.docxtroutmanboris
Choose
two
of the systems (education, work, the military, and immigration). Explain how they fit into the domain of social work and the social justice issues social workers should be aware of in these systems.
How does the education, military, workplace, or immigration system rely on social workers?
What is one social justice issue found in education, the military, the workplace, or immigration that influences the practice of social work?
.
Choose two disorders from the categories presented this week.C.docxtroutmanboris
Choose
two disorders from the categories presented this week.
Create
a 15- to 20-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation that includes the following:
Describes the disorders and explains their differences
Discusses how these disorders are influenced by the legal system
Discusses how the legal system is influenced by these disorders
Include
a minimum of two peer-reviewed sources.
Format
your presentation consistent with APA guidelines.
Submit
your assignment.
*3 slides on How is the legal system influenced by schizophrenia with speaker notes*
.
Choose ONE of the following topics Length 750-900 words, .docxtroutmanboris
Choose
ONE
of the following topics
Length:
750-900 words, double spaced, 12 pt. font
Identify the different forms of religious groups that are comprised in the typology outlined by the classic sociologists of religion. Explain the basic characteristics of each and provide examples.
Establish a distinction between the popular misuses of the term "myth" and its meaning in the scholarly context of Religious Studies. Explain the functions of myth according to the scholar Joseph Campbell.
.
Choose one of the following topicsAmerica A Narrative.docxtroutmanboris
Choose
one
of the following topics
America: A Narrative History
notes Thomas Jefferson's election to the presidency set the tone of "republican simplicity". In what ways was this still true in 1850 following the "Market Revolution" and in what ways was it not?
Connect the technological improvements in water transportation of the early 19th century to the territory acquired in the LA Purchase.
.
Choose one of the following topics below. Comparecont.docxtroutmanboris
Choose
one
of the following topics below.
Compare/contrast the role women played in Puritan Society in colonial Massachusetts with their role in the Great Awakening of the 18th century.
Why is the Declaration of Independence considered historically as a product of the Age of Enlightenment?
500 words
.
Choose one of the following topics below. Comparecon.docxtroutmanboris
Choose
one
of the following topics below.
Compare/contrast the role women played in Puritan Society in colonial Massachusetts with their role in the Great Awakening of the 18th century.
Why is the Declaration of Independence considered historically as a product of the Age of Enlightenment?
requirement of this assignment
Write a 500 word essay
.
Choose one of the states of RacialCultural Identity Development.docxtroutmanboris
Choose one of the states of Racial/Cultural Identity Developmental Model and reflect on how you will intervine with a client in that stage.
Stages:
Conformity
Dissonance and Appreciating
Resistance and immersion
Introspection
Integrative Awareness
.
Choose one of the following topicsNative AmericansWomenEnvi.docxtroutmanboris
Choose
one of the following topics:
Native Americans
Women
Environment
Latin Americans
Sexual liberation
Read
at least three different newspaper articles between 1968 and 1980 that cover important changes affecting your topic. In the University Library, use the ProQuest
®
historical newspaper archive (available under
General Resources > ProQuest >
Advanced Search
>
Search Options
>
Source Type
), which includes the following major newspapers, among others:
New York Times
Washington Post
Wall Street Journal
Los Angeles Times
Christian Science Monitor
Write
a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you describe the status of the chosen group or idea and how that group or idea was affected by the changes brought about during the 1960s. Include information gleaned from the newspaper articles as well as other material.
.
Choose one of the following films for review (with faculty’s appro.docxtroutmanboris
Choose
one of the following films for review (with faculty’s approval). Put yourself in the movie by choosing one character to follow. What cultural issues would you face? What are cultural challenges? Write a short paper describing the film and your observations. Present your findings in class.
•
Secret Lives of Bees
•
Chocolate
•
Under the Same Moon
•
Maid in Manhattan
•
Walk in the Clouds
•
Get Rich or Die Trying (Gang Culture
) "I like this one"
•
Mu
lan
•
Mississippi Burning
•
A Time to Kill - "
I Also like this one
"
•
Only Fools Rush In
.
Choose and complete one of the two assignment options.docxtroutmanboris
Choose
and
complete
one of the two assignment options:
Option 1: Forecasting Comparison Presentation
Identify
a state, local, or federal policy that impacts your organization or community.
Create
an 8- to 10-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation in which you complete the following:
Describe how forecasting can be used to implement this policy and highlight any limitations of the usage of forecasting.
Compare and contrast the different forms of forecasting used to aid decision-makers when evaluating policy outcomes.
Discuss the types of information needed to ensure forecasts are accurate.
Analyze the relationship between forecasting, monitoring of observed policy outcomes, and normative futures in goals and agenda setting.
Include
speaker notes with each slide. The presentation should also contain and at least four peer-reviewed references from the University Library.
I live in Lawrence, KS if you can find a policy within this community.
.
Choose a personality disorder.Create an 8- to 10-slide Micro.docxtroutmanboris
Choose
a personality disorder.
Create
an 8- to 10-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation on your personality disorder. Include the following:
Describe the personality disorder.
Outline the behavioral symptoms of the personality disorder.
Provide examples of the behavioral symptoms.
Describe possible causes of the personality disorder.
Briefly contrast your assigned disorder with another personality disorder, and explain their differences.
Include
a minimum of two sources.
Format
any citations in your presentation consistent with APA guidelines.
Submit
your assignment.
include speaker notes
.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Chose one person to reply to ALBORES 1. Were Manning’s acti.docx
1. Chose one person to reply to:
ALBORES
1. Were Manning’s actions legal under the Foreign Corrupt
Practices Act, and what are the possible penalties for violating
the act?
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act states (1977) “It shall be
unlawful for any issuer...to offer, payment, promise to pay, or
authorization of the payment of any money, or offer, gift,
promise to give... “. Manning assumed the duty of an issuer
because he attended dinner with the prime minister to discuss
the contract. Then, Manning offered to fly the prime minister to
New York, which he then promised to pay for all of the prime
minister's expenses. However, according to the Foreign Corrupt
Practices Act (1977) a promise or offer is acceptable if the
expense was ”reasonable and bona fide expenditure, such as
travel and lodging expenses, incurred by or on behalf of a
foreign official… was directly related to the promotion,
demonstration, or explanation of products or services”. Manning
promised to fly out the prime minister because he wanted to
“discuss business further” (UMUC, 2019). Further, Manning
used company funds to take the prime minister to luxurious
activities and restaurants because he wanted to retain the
contract from the prime minister.
Even though Manning did not directly give money to the prime
minister, he authorized payment for the prime minster’s two-
week stay, which did not involve discussing the contract. Out of
the two weeks, business was only conducted for a day. In
addition, Manning can be held responsible for bribing the
customs officials at Neristan. According to the Foreign Corrupt
Practices Act (1977), it is unlawful to influence “any act or
decision of such foreign official in his official capacity... omit
to do any act in violation of the lawful duty of such official”.
Manning influenced the customs officials because Manning
2. gave each custom official $100 to clear the shipment. Custom
officials act on behalf of the Neristan government and
sometimes require large shipments to be inspected. Manny will
likely be held responsible for offering payment to the customs
officials in exchange for expediting the company’s shipment.
If Manning violated the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, he could
face imprisonment. Also, the company may have to pay the
penalty. The penalty for violating the act is “a fine of up to $2
million per violation. Likewise, an individual may face up to
five years in prison and/or a fine of $250,000 per violation of
the anti-bribery provision” (Woody, 2018, p. 275).
2. Were Manning’s actions legal under the UK Bribery Act and
what are the possible penalties for violating the act?
Based on the UK Bribery Act (2010), an individual is guilty of
bribing an official if “intention is to influence F (government
official) in F's capacity as a foreign public official...intend to
obtain or retain business, or an advantage in the conduct of
business.”. Manning bribed the prime minister because he
stated: “If, after we are done conducting business, you want to
see the sites, I can show you around the city, and you can stay
on us for a while." (UMUC, 2019). If the contract were to go
through, the prime minister would be given the opportunity to
stay for two weeks to explore the city. Then, Manning bribed
the customs officials by providing each of them $100. Manning
tried to obtain an advantage in the conduct of the shipment
because it would take weeks to clear the load. By paying the
customs officials, the load was cleared within a day. Based on
the UK Bribery Act, Manning violated the law.
Penalties for violating the UK Bribery Act include
imprisonment and a fine. If the organization allowed or was
aware of the bribery, the company will be held accountable as
well. The penalty for the offense that proceeds without a jury is
imprisonment for a “term not exceeding 12 months, or to a fine
not exceeding the statutory maximum, or to both,” (UK Bribery
Act of 2010). Whereas the penalty for being convicted as an
3. individual can face imprisonment for up to ten years along with
a fine. The company can face an unlimited fine depending on
the severity of the offense.
3. Were Manning’s actions ethical, particularly in light of
differing cultural norms?
While some cultures conduct “negotiations as a business
activity”, some cultures “develop a trusting relationship” before
negotiating (Dias, 2012). According to the prime minister, the
culture of Neristan values relationships. The prime minister
then stated, “It is customary in Neristan for business associates
to help each other prosper” (UMUC, 2019). It is possible that
Manning wanted to further his relationship with the prime
minister by attending a Broadway show and traveling the city
together. Spending two weeks in the town would allow Manning
to form a relationship with the minister. However, Manning did
act unethically because the restaurants and the hotel the prime
minister stayed at was expensive.
On the contrary, Manning did act ethically because he turned
down the prime minister’s request for a wire transfer. Any
payment used to influence a decision is considered bribery
(Jimenez & Pulo, n.d). Overall, it is believed that Manning
acted unethically because he bribed the prime minister through
high-end restaurants and activities in exchange for the contract.
References
15 U.S. Code § 78dd–1 - Prohibited foreign trade practices by
issuers. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/78dd-1
Dias, L. P. (2012). Ethical and Cross-Cultural Negotiations. In
Beginning Human Relations. Beginning Human Relations.
Retrieved from
https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/beginning-human-
relations/index.html.
Jimenez, G. C., & Pulos, E. (2016). Good corporation, bad
corporation: Corporate social responsibility in the global
economy. Geneseo, NY: Open SUNY Textbooks, Milne Library
(IITG PI), State University of New York at Geneseo.
4. UK Bribery Act of 2010. C. 23 §6 (2010).
UMUC. (2019). Global Shippers, Inc. Retrieved from
https://leocontent.umuc.edu/content/umuc/tgs/mba/mba630/2191
/course-resource-list/global-shippers-inc.html?ou=345131
Woody, K. (2018). "“Declinations With Disgorgement” In
FCPA Enforcement. University of Michigan Journal of Law
Reform, 269-311. Retrieved from
http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.umuc.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/
pdfviewer?vid=4&[email protected]
RODAS
Were Manning’s actions legal under the Foreign Corrupt
Practices Act, and what are the possible penalties for violating
the act?
Under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), Manning’s
actions were illegal when it came to the travel, entertainment
and other value given to the Neristan prime minister. Although
Manning did not give the prime minister then $100,000, he
requested in his account, he made up for it by paying for an
extravagant dinner of $3,500, luxurious penthouse in New York,
first-class flight Los Angeles, Broadway entertainment and the
paid two weeks stay. Manning knew that his actions would
incentivize the prime minister to “award” Gold Shippers, Inc.
the contract based on the travel and the entertainment which
may have exceeded the $100,000 payment. It is clear that small
gifts and token of appreciation are acceptable when negotiating
with other government officials or business people, but
Manning exceed that exception by spending large amounts of
money to ensure a contract was granted when otherwise it would
not have happened. The Department of Justice (DOJ) and the
Securities Exchange Commission (SEC), view the larger or
more extravagant the gift, the more likely it was given with an
improper purpose (U.S. Department of Justice, Criminal
Division, and U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission,
Enforcement Division, 2012).
Possible individual penalties for violating the FCPA, may
5. include criminal penalties up to $250,000 in fines per violation
and up to 5 years in prison. Civil penalties up to $16,000 per
violations. Companies may also be held liable with criminal
penalties have fines up to $2 million per violation and civil
penalties up to $16,000. It is important to note that employers
cannot pay the fine for their employees or agents (n.d.).
Were Manning’s actions legal under the UK Bribery Act and
what are the possible penalties for violating the act?
Under the UK Bribery Act, “facilitation payments are not
permitted and are considered illegal bribes (n.d.).” Furthermore,
the UK Bribery Act prohibits private-to-private bribery, or from
private persons as well as public officials (n.d.).
The penalties under the UK Bribery Act may result in longer
prison sentences for individuals (10 years) and there are no caps
on fines, therefore allowing both individuals and companies to
face unlimited fines for violating its provisions (n.d.).
Were Manning’s actions ethical, particularly in light of
differing cultural norms?
According to Global Business Ethics (n.d.), “Paying bribes is
relatively common in many countries…” but it is not common or
accepted in the United States. Manning’s actions were unethical
because he knows that under FCPA he is not allowed to give
other governmental officials extravagant gifts that may give rise
to investigations. Furthermore, under the FCPA, Manning was
allowed to offer “grease payments” in order to “"to expedite or
to secure the performance of a routine governmental action by a
foreign official, political party, or party official" (FCPA, 15
U.S.C. 78dd-2).” However, this is not accepted by the UK
Bribery Act, so it can also be considered unethical behavior that
may result in Manning and the company to be penalize with
extensive fines.
In conclusion, Manning’s actions were unethical because even
though some gift giving is expected in countries like Japan, it is
established that these gifts cannot be extravagant nor go over
preset limits.
Reference:
6. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, Pub. L. 95-213, 91 Stat.
1494, codified as amended at 15 U.S.C. §§78dd-1 et seq.
Retrieved from: https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-
91/pdf/STATUTE-91-Pg1494.pdf
Global Business Ethics. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://leocontent.umuc.edu/content/umuc/tgs/mba/mba630/2191
/learning-resourcelist1/global-business-ethics.html?ou=345131
U.S. Department of Justice, Criminal Division, and U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission, Enforcement Division.
(2012). A resource guide to the FCPA U.S. Foreign Corrupt
Practices Act, Retrieved from:
https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/criminal-
fraud/legacy/2015/01/16/guide.pdf
WASHINGTON
Class,
First, slipping $ 100 to the customs officials was illegal. Under
the Act, no issuer from any entity whose shares are publicly
traded on the US exchange or any director, employee or agents
may corruptly pay, offer or authorize anything to a foreign
official to secure an improper advantage (Randall, L. H). Since
Manning was not acting on behalf of the company by offering
the bribe, he may receive fine up to $100,000 or an
imprisonment for up to five years. The above provisions are
meant to make companies plan and sustain accounting systems
which tightly control and accurately record all dispositions of
business assets.
Secondly, under the UK Bribery Act, everything Manning did
was illegal. The Act states that the offense of bribing other
people comprises the presentation, making promises or handing
over fiscal or other benefits with the intent of inducing or
rewarding inopportune conducts (Rose, C). The $100 to the
customs officials was a bride, and the extended trip was a
promise that would lead to an advantage. According to this Act,
therefore, Manning knew or believed the Nerista’s Prime
Minister’s acceptance of the gifts would amount to improper
conduct. Under this, Manning is subject to a maximum of 10
7. years’ imprisonment or even an unlimited fine. This Act sought
after placing a burden of proof on companies to show they have
adequate procedures in place that would prevent bribery
(Morgenthau, H. J). It is the absence of this procedure that
Manning’s acts became unethical.
Even though some of Manning’s actions were generous, there
was a hidden intention, which makes everything he did
unethical. Even considering the difference in cultural norms,
corruption is illegal and unacceptable in almost all countries
(Bowie, N. E). Gaining an advantage by his hospitality offer
and bribing the official was unethical, and morally, he was
supposed to express social responsibility to carry out business
without engaging in such actions which would influence
actions.
Bowie, N. E. (2017). Business ethics: A Kantian perspective.
Cambridge University Press.
Doh, J. P., Rodriguez, P., Uhlenbruck, K., Collins, J., & Eden,
L. (2003). Coping with corruption in foreign markets. Academy
of Management Perspectives, 17(3), 114-127.
Morgenthau, H. J. (2017). Positivism, functionalism, and
international law. In The Nature of International Law (pp. 159-
184). Routledge.
Randall, L. H. (1997). Multilateralization of the Foreign
Corrupt Practices Act. Minn. J. Global Trade, 6, 657.
Rose, C. (2012). The UK Bribery Act 2010 and accompanying
guidance: Belated implementation of the OECD Anti-Bribery
Convention. International & Comparative Law Quarterly, 61(2),
485-499.
Collapse side panel
DREAGER
Team,
Where Manning’s actions legal under the Foreign Corrupt
Practices Act, and what are the possible penalties for violating
the act?
According to Goodwin (2019), a company or business can adjust
its business practices to that county its operating in to the
8. culture practices expect for gift giving of anything in
monetarily to government officials to gain advantage of a
contract which Manning did illegally. Manning violated the
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, which is enforced by the US
Government. Though Manning did not provide direct payment
to the prime minister of Neristan, Manning paid for the
expensive meal that could be viewed by the Department of
Justice as an extravagant meal, paid for a trip to New York, and
a trip to Los Angels (Global Shippers, Inc., 2019) all of which
is categorized by the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
(FCPA)(2019) as illegal by influencing the prime minister to
award this contract.
Manning and Global Shippers could be “subject not only to
substantial fines, but also to jail time” (Goodwin, 2019). Both
Manning and Global Shippers are at risk and accountable for
this action because Manning utilized the corporate accounts.
These accounts are to be in accordance to the accounting
provisions and follow the anti bribery provisions of the FCPA
Foreign corrupt practices act, (2019).
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. (2019). Learning resource.
University of Maryland University College.
https://leocontent.umuc.edu/content/umuc/tgs/mba/mba630/2191
/learning-resourcelist1/foreign-corrupt-
practicesact.html?ou=345131
Global Shippers, Inc. (2019). Course Resource. University of
Maryland University College.
https://leocontent.umuc.edu/content/umuc/tgs/mba/mba630/2191
/course-resource-list/global-shippers-inc.html?ou=345131
Goodwin R. (2019). Learning Resource. University of Maryland
University College.
https://leocontent.umuc.edu/content/umuc/tgs/mba/mba630/2191
/course-resource-list/introduction-to-
crossculturalawareness.html?ou=345131
Were Manning’s actions legal under the UK Bribery Act and
what are the possible penalties for violating the act?
Manning’s actions of paying the customs personnel were legal
9. under the UK Bribery Act. When reviewing what are
facilitating or expediting payments (2019), Manning did not ask
to overlook documents but simply expedite the inspection to
facilitate the delivery, all of which are legal in accordance to
the UK Bribery Act and facilitating or expediting payments
(2019). However, his bribery of the prime minister where
prohibited in accordance to Global Bribery (2019) because he is
a public official in the country of Neristan. Additionally the
UK prohibits private-to-private bribery’s, which Manning
facilitated with dinner and the trips to the US.
Penalties for violation of the UK bribery act for both Manning
and Global Shippers are extensive. Both may be held for civil
and criminal penalties. According to Global Bribery (2019),
“up to $250,000 in fines per violation and up to 5 years in
prison and civil penalties of up to $16,000 per violation. For
companies, the criminal penalties may include a fine up to $2
million per violation and civil penalties up to $16,000 per
violation. Moreover, employers are not permitted to pay the
fines of their employees or agents” (Global Bribery, 2019).
Manning has placed both himself and Global Shippers at serious
risk in accordance to the UK guidelines. And it would be
recommended that Global Shippers and Manning get legal
counsel, soonest.
Global Bribery. (2019). Learning Resource. University of
Maryland University College.
https://leocontent.umuc.edu/content/umuc/tgs/mba/mba630/2191
/learning-resourcelist1/global-bribery.html?ou=345131
What are Facilitating or Expediting Payments. (2019). Learning
Resources. University of Maryland University College.
https://leocontent.umuc.edu/content/umuc/tgs/mba/mba630/2191
/learning-resourcelist1/what-are-
facilitatingorexpeditingpayments.html?ou=345131
Were Manning’s actions ethical, particularly in light of the
differing cultural norms?
Manning’s and ultimately Global Shippers actions were not
ethical and will be under scrutiny by the Department of Justice.
10. According to Gifts, Travel, Entertainment, and other things of
value (2019), the meal will be considered extravagant in that it
was the most expensive wine on the menu and not needed. The
travel to New York paid by the corporation was ethically okay,
however, the most expensive penthouse is ethically wrong and a
seven-day trip to Los Angles paid by the corporation is
extremely excessive with the presence of Manning, an
employee.
Manning was not engaging in cultural norms with the prime
minister. The review of County Cultural Differences (2019),
Manning had no intentions of the workplaces values, attitudes
and beliefs of the culture in the country of Neristan but to only
secure the $20 Million revenue deal, which is ethically wrong.
Country Cultural Differences. (2019). Leaning Topic.
University of Maryland University College.
https://leocontent.umuc.edu/content/umuc/tgs/mba/mba630/2191
/learning-topic-list/country-culturaldifferences.html?ou=345131
Gifts, Travel, Entertainment, and Other Things of Value.
(2019). Learning Resource. University of Maryland University
College.
https://leocontent.umuc.edu/content/umuc/tgs/mba/mba630/2191
/learning-resourcelist1/gifts-travel-
entertainmentandotherthingsofvalue.html?ou=345131
