China’s economy
中国经济
http://worldmap.harvard.edu/chinamap/
How has China’s economy changed 1949-present?
What is the structure of PR China’s economy?
What are some major agricultural issues in China?
What are some industrial issues in China?
What is the Belt and Road Initiative?
What are the economic forces at work in China?
How has the economic reform policy progressed in China?
How has China’s economy changed 1949-present?
Economy Timeline
Mao 1950s Land reform, Collectivization, Great Leap Forward, 1960s Cultural Revolution
1976 Four Modernizations
Deng Reforms
1980s Agricultural Responsibility System
Socialist Economy with Chinese Characteristics
Exports
1992 Deng’s Southern tour
Regional Development, Coast, Interior
2000 Develop the West
2010 Moderate Prosperity, Technology, Green
2013 Third Plenum - China Dream
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-25033622
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-31744373
Videos
China in the Red
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/red/
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xen5f7_pbs-china-in-the-red-9-11_news
What are the lives of people like?
Form of Economy
Mixed Economy
Market-Leninism
Transition: Elements of Socialism, Market & Capitalism
What is the structure of PR China’s economy?
Ownership types: State, Collective, Private and individual, Foreign
Economic Indicators
GDP Trillion $25.36
GDP per capita $18, 200
GDP growth 6.9% GDP Composition
Agriculture 8%, Industry 40% Service 52%
Labor Composition
Agriculture 28%, Industry 29% Service 43%
Poverty 3.3%, <RMB2300 ( US$400)
Trade
Exports (number 1):
US 19, Hong Kong 12, Japan 6, South Korea 5
Electrical, computers, apparel, furniture, textiles
Imports ( number 2):
South Korea 10, Japan 9, US 9, Germany 5, Australia 5
Electrical, oil, medical, ore, vehicle, soybean
Structure of China’s Transitional Economy 1
Structure of China’s Transitional Economy
Industrial structure (compare to Japan and S. Korea)
Enterprise groups – SOE State Operated Enterprise
state support/control, losing money, 25% industry
Collective enterprises – independent of state
manager bought company from state
40% industry
TVE Enterprises – Township and Village Enterprises (former collective)
Owned operated by rural - Dynamic element of economy
Structure of China’s Transitional Economy 2
Private Entrepreneurs - small business, 20% industry
services/manufactures Difficult taxes, legality, politics
Foreign Ventures – partnerships, 10% industry
– commerce, industry
Agriculture - backbone of economy 8% econ
employment / food supply
Responsibility system, state out of agriculture
have right to work land
Food price control and some subsidies still exist
Economic Dualism
Industrial v. non-industrial : worker - peasant
Coastal & open cities v. hinterland “backward”
City v. country
urban v. rural
China Inc?
Simplified form
CCP
Business Bureaucracy
(SOE, Coll., TVE) (State Council)
Rural ...
Levels of Utilization and Socio - Economic Factors Influencing Adherence to U...inventionjournals
This document analyzes levels of utilization and socio-economic factors influencing adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with HIV/AIDS in Dodoma Municipality and Kongwa District, Tanzania. The study found that ART usage rates ranged from 100% at some facilities to 40% at others. Common reasons for dropping out of ART programs included side effects like vomiting (25.1%) and frequent sickness (19.9%), as well as lack of employment support (66.7%) and lack of confidentiality (50%). The document concludes that improving adherence requires addressing side effects, providing income assistance, and ensuring confidentiality in HIV services.
Medication Administration Errors at Children's University Hospitals: Nurses P...iosrjce
Medication administration errors(MAE) can threaten patient outcomes and are a dimension of
patient safety directly linked to nursing care. Children are particularly vulnerable to medication errors because
of their unique physiology and developmental needs.
Aims: The present study aims to examine types, stages and causes of medication errors. Barriers of medication
administration errors reporting and its facilitator at pediatric University hospitals from nurses point of view.
Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in Pediatric intensive care units, medical, surgical and urology
ward of children's university hospital at Mansoura University, intensive care units, kidney dialysis at
Abouelrash pediatric hospital and general wards of Elmonaira at Cairo University Hospitals. 80 nurses were
included in the study after fulfilling the criteria of selection. A structured interview questionnaire that consists
of four sections was used.
Results: The highest types of medication errors as reported by studied nurses occurred when the medication is
delivered by the wrong route, the highest stage of medication errors done by nurses was missing of medication
then patient monitoring and administration and the highest cause of medication errors was due to heavy
workload. The results of this study indicated that the strongest perceived barriers to medication administration
errors reporting were fear from consequences of reporting, then managerial factor and then the process of
reporting from the nurse's viewpoint. The nurses agree that identifying benefits of reporting followed agree that
feeling safe about working environment, and agree that good professional relationship with physicians was the
most facilitating factors of reporting medication errors.
Conclusions: It was concluded that medication errors result from interrelated factors, the strongest perceived
barriers to medication administration errors reporting were fear from consequences of reporting, and good
relationship with nurse managers and physicians were the most facilitators of reporting medication errors.
Recommendation: The study recommended that the assessment of medication errors should be done
periodically and in- service training program about medication administrations should be applied
2 8 5L e a r n I n g o b j e c t I v e sC H A P T E R.docxlorainedeserre
2 8 5
L e a r n I n g o b j e c t I v e s
C H A P T E R 1 0
Q U A L I T Y M A N A G E M E N T I N
T H E P H Y S I C I A N P R A C T I C E
Quality and reliability are system properties.
—W. Edwards Deming
➤ Articulate the nature of performance management.
➤ Describe the approaches to performance improvement.
➤ Appreciate the impact of variation on performance.
➤ Discuss the components of the Triple Aim.
➤ Describe process improvement.
In t r o d u c t I o n
One of the most important issues to address in the medical practice is the quality and
safety of the care provided to patients. The Institute of Medicine (IOM 2001), a presti-
gious branch of the National Institutes of Health, stated in its landmark report Crossing the
Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century, “In its current form, habits, and
environment, American health care is incapable of providing the public with the quality
health care it expects and deserves.”
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 4/16/2020 7:48 PM via SUNY CANTON
AN: 1839064 ; Wagner, Stephen L..; Fundamentals of Medical Practice Management
Account: s8846236.main.ehost
F u n d a m e n t a l s o f M e d i c a l P r a c t i c e M a n a g e m e n t2 8 6
Another historic IOM (2000) report, To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health
System, indicated that a shocking number of people—an estimated 44,000 to 98,000 per
year—are harmed by the healthcare system. A more recent study found that this number
has increased since publication of the 2000 IOM report despite substantial efforts to
improve. Medical errors have now become the third leading cause of death in the United
States (Makary and Daniel 2016).
The complexity of medical service and the inconsistency with which these services
are delivered, not to mention the fragmented nature of the system, have led to a number
of quality concerns (Mosadeghrad 2014), including a lack of systematic approaches to care
delivery and quality improvement. Efforts to improve quality in the medical profession
have a long tradition of focusing on individual performance versus system performance.
Exhibit 10.1 illustrates the potential flaw in this thinking. The bell-shaped curve, P-1,
represents the overall performance of any given system. Curve P-2 illustrates an improved
system of performance where the median performance is moved from M-1 to M-2. If an
organization seeks to improve by only focusing on the low performers, it experiences only
a small improvement, shown as I-1. By improving th ...
The document discusses the healthcare industry and provides context for analyzing delays in patient discharge processes at a hospital from May to July 2015. It describes the objectives of studying delays, the sample size, tools used, and limitations. It then provides an overview of the global healthcare industry, key segments including hospitals, providers and professionals, models for healthcare delivery, and the market size of the industry in different regions. Porter's five forces model is applied to analyze competition in the healthcare industry.
Healing Hands Hospital must address evolving trends in the healthcare industry to remain competitive. The document discusses several key trends: managed care is focusing on cost control; healthcare financing is changing; technology is improving care but increasing costs; and preventative care and wellness are growing areas of focus. Understanding these trends will help Healing Hands Hospital develop an effective public relations campaign to address the changing healthcare landscape.
Reply 1 he safety of our patients is an important.docxwrite30
Patient safety is critical in healthcare and focuses on preventing medical errors that can harm patients. A 1999 report found that up to 100,000 patients die each year due to preventable errors. This led to initiatives like the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to develop tools to improve safety. However, errors are increasingly common in outpatient settings. Reasons include issues with information flow during patient handoffs between providers and human factors like poor documentation that can lead to missed diagnoses or medication errors. Reducing errors requires improved communication and ensuring healthcare workers have the proper expertise.
The nursing profession faces several challenges in the 21st century including a growing elderly population that requires more acute care, rising healthcare costs, and the need to adapt to rapid advances in medical technology. There is also a shortage of nurses exacerbated by an aging workforce and many nurses leaving their jobs to work abroad. Nurse managers play an important role in creating work environments that support nurses, improve patient outcomes, and help address these challenges facing the nursing profession.
NURS 438 Trends And Issues In Nursing And Health Systems.docxstirlingvwriters
This document discusses trends and issues related to medical errors in nursing and health systems. It outlines several common causes of medical errors, including communication problems, inadequate information flow, and technical errors. Communication issues between nurses and patients can lead to medication errors, while inadequate discharge instructions and a lack of information for patients post-hospitalization can also result in errors. Technical failures of medical equipment during procedures have caused patient injuries and deaths. Reducing these types of errors will help improve safety and outcomes in healthcare.
Levels of Utilization and Socio - Economic Factors Influencing Adherence to U...inventionjournals
This document analyzes levels of utilization and socio-economic factors influencing adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with HIV/AIDS in Dodoma Municipality and Kongwa District, Tanzania. The study found that ART usage rates ranged from 100% at some facilities to 40% at others. Common reasons for dropping out of ART programs included side effects like vomiting (25.1%) and frequent sickness (19.9%), as well as lack of employment support (66.7%) and lack of confidentiality (50%). The document concludes that improving adherence requires addressing side effects, providing income assistance, and ensuring confidentiality in HIV services.
Medication Administration Errors at Children's University Hospitals: Nurses P...iosrjce
Medication administration errors(MAE) can threaten patient outcomes and are a dimension of
patient safety directly linked to nursing care. Children are particularly vulnerable to medication errors because
of their unique physiology and developmental needs.
Aims: The present study aims to examine types, stages and causes of medication errors. Barriers of medication
administration errors reporting and its facilitator at pediatric University hospitals from nurses point of view.
Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in Pediatric intensive care units, medical, surgical and urology
ward of children's university hospital at Mansoura University, intensive care units, kidney dialysis at
Abouelrash pediatric hospital and general wards of Elmonaira at Cairo University Hospitals. 80 nurses were
included in the study after fulfilling the criteria of selection. A structured interview questionnaire that consists
of four sections was used.
Results: The highest types of medication errors as reported by studied nurses occurred when the medication is
delivered by the wrong route, the highest stage of medication errors done by nurses was missing of medication
then patient monitoring and administration and the highest cause of medication errors was due to heavy
workload. The results of this study indicated that the strongest perceived barriers to medication administration
errors reporting were fear from consequences of reporting, then managerial factor and then the process of
reporting from the nurse's viewpoint. The nurses agree that identifying benefits of reporting followed agree that
feeling safe about working environment, and agree that good professional relationship with physicians was the
most facilitating factors of reporting medication errors.
Conclusions: It was concluded that medication errors result from interrelated factors, the strongest perceived
barriers to medication administration errors reporting were fear from consequences of reporting, and good
relationship with nurse managers and physicians were the most facilitators of reporting medication errors.
Recommendation: The study recommended that the assessment of medication errors should be done
periodically and in- service training program about medication administrations should be applied
2 8 5L e a r n I n g o b j e c t I v e sC H A P T E R.docxlorainedeserre
2 8 5
L e a r n I n g o b j e c t I v e s
C H A P T E R 1 0
Q U A L I T Y M A N A G E M E N T I N
T H E P H Y S I C I A N P R A C T I C E
Quality and reliability are system properties.
—W. Edwards Deming
➤ Articulate the nature of performance management.
➤ Describe the approaches to performance improvement.
➤ Appreciate the impact of variation on performance.
➤ Discuss the components of the Triple Aim.
➤ Describe process improvement.
In t r o d u c t I o n
One of the most important issues to address in the medical practice is the quality and
safety of the care provided to patients. The Institute of Medicine (IOM 2001), a presti-
gious branch of the National Institutes of Health, stated in its landmark report Crossing the
Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century, “In its current form, habits, and
environment, American health care is incapable of providing the public with the quality
health care it expects and deserves.”
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 4/16/2020 7:48 PM via SUNY CANTON
AN: 1839064 ; Wagner, Stephen L..; Fundamentals of Medical Practice Management
Account: s8846236.main.ehost
F u n d a m e n t a l s o f M e d i c a l P r a c t i c e M a n a g e m e n t2 8 6
Another historic IOM (2000) report, To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health
System, indicated that a shocking number of people—an estimated 44,000 to 98,000 per
year—are harmed by the healthcare system. A more recent study found that this number
has increased since publication of the 2000 IOM report despite substantial efforts to
improve. Medical errors have now become the third leading cause of death in the United
States (Makary and Daniel 2016).
The complexity of medical service and the inconsistency with which these services
are delivered, not to mention the fragmented nature of the system, have led to a number
of quality concerns (Mosadeghrad 2014), including a lack of systematic approaches to care
delivery and quality improvement. Efforts to improve quality in the medical profession
have a long tradition of focusing on individual performance versus system performance.
Exhibit 10.1 illustrates the potential flaw in this thinking. The bell-shaped curve, P-1,
represents the overall performance of any given system. Curve P-2 illustrates an improved
system of performance where the median performance is moved from M-1 to M-2. If an
organization seeks to improve by only focusing on the low performers, it experiences only
a small improvement, shown as I-1. By improving th ...
The document discusses the healthcare industry and provides context for analyzing delays in patient discharge processes at a hospital from May to July 2015. It describes the objectives of studying delays, the sample size, tools used, and limitations. It then provides an overview of the global healthcare industry, key segments including hospitals, providers and professionals, models for healthcare delivery, and the market size of the industry in different regions. Porter's five forces model is applied to analyze competition in the healthcare industry.
Healing Hands Hospital must address evolving trends in the healthcare industry to remain competitive. The document discusses several key trends: managed care is focusing on cost control; healthcare financing is changing; technology is improving care but increasing costs; and preventative care and wellness are growing areas of focus. Understanding these trends will help Healing Hands Hospital develop an effective public relations campaign to address the changing healthcare landscape.
Reply 1 he safety of our patients is an important.docxwrite30
Patient safety is critical in healthcare and focuses on preventing medical errors that can harm patients. A 1999 report found that up to 100,000 patients die each year due to preventable errors. This led to initiatives like the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to develop tools to improve safety. However, errors are increasingly common in outpatient settings. Reasons include issues with information flow during patient handoffs between providers and human factors like poor documentation that can lead to missed diagnoses or medication errors. Reducing errors requires improved communication and ensuring healthcare workers have the proper expertise.
The nursing profession faces several challenges in the 21st century including a growing elderly population that requires more acute care, rising healthcare costs, and the need to adapt to rapid advances in medical technology. There is also a shortage of nurses exacerbated by an aging workforce and many nurses leaving their jobs to work abroad. Nurse managers play an important role in creating work environments that support nurses, improve patient outcomes, and help address these challenges facing the nursing profession.
NURS 438 Trends And Issues In Nursing And Health Systems.docxstirlingvwriters
This document discusses trends and issues related to medical errors in nursing and health systems. It outlines several common causes of medical errors, including communication problems, inadequate information flow, and technical errors. Communication issues between nurses and patients can lead to medication errors, while inadequate discharge instructions and a lack of information for patients post-hospitalization can also result in errors. Technical failures of medical equipment during procedures have caused patient injuries and deaths. Reducing these types of errors will help improve safety and outcomes in healthcare.
DASHBOARD BENCHMARK
Miatta Teasley
Capella University
Running Head: DASHBOARD BENCHMARK
DASHBOARD BENCHMARK
April 19,2022
DASHBOARD BENCHMARK
Second Quarter Hypertension Intervention Compliance at Med for adults presenting with Diabetes
Intervention
Needed
Completed
Compliance Percentage
Initial Lactate within 3 hours
30
30
100%
Blood cultures were drawn before antibiotics
22
17
77%
Antibiotics administered within 3 hours
22
20
91%
Fluid resuscitation if in septic shock within 2hours
19
12
63%
Vasopressors if hypertension persists after fluid or lactate >4mmoL/L within 6 hours
12
7
58%
Overall
105
86
82%
Second Quarter Dialysis Intervention
Compliance and Inpatient Mortality
Patient ID
Number of Interventions needed
Number of Interventions completed
Inpatient Mortality
2000
4
2
0
2014
3
3
1
2098
2
1
0
2134
5
4
0
2156
3
4
1
2245
4
2
0
2345
3
3
1
2567
5
4
1
2676
4
1
1
2935
3
2
0
Note: The Staffing benchmark for the nurse staffing unit is 3 patients per nurse. The average monthly staffing for the unit is 3 nurse workloads. The average number of patients in the unit per month in the third quarter was 5.75.
The data above is a review regarding the compliance of Dialysis measures and interventions compliance and the sample of the second quarter inpatient mortality. The information below entails evaluating the data, which indicates that various departments need to be improved, and a proposal for a specific area and target for improvement.
Evaluation of Dashboard Metrics
There are several inefficiencies in regards to dialysis measures at Med. From the dashboard concerning the compliance of executing the arranged measures and procedures, the two stand out at the 77% compliance rate on drawing blood cultures before running antibiotics and 58% compliance rate on administering vasopressors for those patients that require them. As per Medicare.Gov (n.d), the national average for meeting dialysis guidelines is 72%, and the state of Minnesota is 60% which indicates that Med is performing at 82% overall testing. Higher percentages are required to ensure the advanced quality of life for residents of the healthcare institution (Morfín et al., 2018).
Failure to complete blood draws for cultures before running broad-spectrum antibiotics; there will be an incapability to authorize contamination and the responsible pathogen. This can result in an inefficient or ineffective intervention for aiding a patient. Moreover, by failing to confirm infection from the start, unnecessary and wasteful care interventions could be performed or ordered for patients (Morfín et al., 2018). As per the failure to administer vasopressors, the institution is gambling with the patient's life. As the reinforcement for the dialysis unit states, vasopressor therapy is needed to sustain and uphold perfusion in the wake of life-threatening hypertension. The needed nature of compliance concerning administering this intervention can be seen in the samp.
Economic burden of periodontal disease management msp madphsUKM
This document summarizes a presentation on estimating the economic burden of periodontal disease in Malaysia. It finds that periodontal disease imposes a substantial cost on the healthcare system and economy. Treating the estimated 11.5 million Malaysian adults with periodontitis would cost approximately RM 32.5 billion annually, or 3.83% of Malaysia's GDP. Costs increase with disease severity and need for surgical treatment. The study aims to raise awareness of this neglected disease and its negative economic impacts to inform policymakers and encourage prevention and early treatment.
This document discusses the importance of electronic health records and clinical decision support systems for improving healthcare quality and reducing costs and errors. It notes that healthcare information is essential for providing and managing patient care. Clinical decision support systems can help ensure best practices are followed and reduce unnecessary tests and costs. However, the document also finds that healthcare practices still vary greatly between regions and clinicians due to complexity, uncertainty and lack of evidence. More high-quality data and decision support are needed to address these issues and improve consistent high-value care.
The document discusses how clinical pharmacists can help reduce healthcare costs when integrated into medical teams. It presents evidence from studies showing that pharmacists improve clinical outcomes and lower costs through various methods. When pharmacists apply diagnostic data and utilize management skills while collaborating with medical staff, they can optimize drug therapy selection and monitoring, reducing costs up to 30% while improving patient care. The inclusion of pharmacists in multidisciplinary teams provides an effective approach for health systems to both enhance quality of care and contain expenses.
http://www.wpro.who.int/asia_pacific_observatory/hits/myanmar_pns1_en.pdf
What are the challenges facing Myanmar in progressing towards Universal Health Coverage?
https://www.irrawaddy.com/specials/challenges-impede-development-of-myanmars-public-health.html
Challenges Impede Development of Myanmar’s Public Health
https://europa.eu/capacity4dev/capacity-building-in-public-health-for-development/document/health-sector-reforms-myanmar-giving-more-space-public-health-interventions-ncds
Health Sector Reforms in Myanmar, giving more space for public health interventions for NCDs
This document discusses several enduring problems in healthcare systems including uncertainty about clinical effectiveness due to poor quality research, persistent variations in clinical practice, patient safety issues, reluctance to manage skill mix, and poor outcome measurement. It also outlines some achievements of the UK healthcare system such as the establishment of NICE to evaluate clinical and cost effectiveness, introduction of targets to reduce wait times, and beginning to benchmark safety incidents. However, it notes continuous reorganizations have not been properly evaluated and there is a need for greater focus on improving average performance and ensuring best practices are universally adopted.
(03) Occupational Exposure to Blood and Body Fluids.pdfHLeyva1
This study examined occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among healthcare workers in Gondar, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study design was used with 286 randomly selected participants. The main outcome of interest was occupational exposure to blood/body fluids in the past 12 months, defined as skin, eye, or mucous membrane contact with blood/body fluids. Key findings included:
1) The prevalence of occupational exposure was 65.3%.
2) Factors significantly associated with increased risk of exposure included lack of personal protective equipment, lack of training, khat chewing, and being a medical doctor.
3) The study aimed to determine the current prevalence and risk factors of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among healthcare
The Kingdom of Tonga has had one of the best overall levels of health within the Pacific as a result of a dramatic reduction in communicable diseases and maternal and child mortality since the 1950s. It is also on target to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) around maternal and child mortality. Adapting its strong primary health-care system to deal with the large financial burden associated with chronic and noncommunicable diseases and ensuring quality primary health-care services in remote areas are the main health sector challenges facing Tonga.
The world's population is growing larger, older, and sicker, placing increasing challenges on healthcare systems to expand access to care with finite resources. Chronic diseases now account for 70% of illnesses, and the population over 50 will increase by over 500 million by 2025. Healthcare systems face constraints like aging populations, growing disease burdens, and limited budgets. However, new medical technologies in development and advances in data analytics provide optimism for healthier futures. Key questions remain around how to introduce high-value innovations and make systems more sustainable.
The document provides a review of Tonga's health system. It summarizes that Tonga has a decentralized health system managed through 4 districts, with the majority of primary care and 90% of hospital services provided by the public sector. Key achievements include control of infectious diseases, high immunization coverage, and prioritization of non-communicable diseases. However, challenges remain such as high rates of non-communicable diseases and their risk factors. The health workforce faces issues of limited education opportunities and brain drain overseas. Infrastructure and medical equipment also require significant upgrades.
Current healthcare trends and jobs outlook for 2025needppthelp
This is a team assignment for HCAD 600 for the MS program in Healthcare Administration by UMUC. This presentation is a analysis of the current healthcare trends and job outlook for 2025 to be presented to the HR committee of Board of Directors of a healthcare organization to address workforce shortages in key healthcare areas.
This document discusses the problem of medication errors and reconciliations. It notes that 1.5 million adverse drug events occur annually in the US, costing $3.5 billion. Medication errors occur 22% of the time during admissions, transfers, and discharges. Common errors include omissions, dose discrepancies, and substitutions. The document proposes solutions like mobile apps to track medications, and partnerships between patients/families and healthcare providers to improve medication reconciliations through information sharing. It outlines a six step process for using evidence-based practices to drive innovation in medication management.
2 tool to estimate patient costs literature review_finalAira Bhabe
This document provides a literature review and conceptual framework for developing a tool to estimate patient costs of tuberculosis. It discusses approaches used to measure the cost of illness, including direct costs like medical expenses and indirect costs from lost income. The review found studies on patient costs in various stages: before diagnosis, during diagnosis/pre-treatment, and during treatment. Developing the cost estimation tool will help programs understand economic barriers patients face and design interventions to reduce costs and alleviate poverty. The tool aims to assess the impoverishing impact of tuberculosis and establish evidence for poverty reduction strategies.
The Tri-Council for Nursing is a collaborative composed of four national nursing organizations: the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), the American Nurses Association (ANA), the American Organization of Nurse Executives (AONE), and the National League for Nursing (NLN). These organizations work together to address issues of mutual importance to nursing practice, education, research, and administration.
Change in Practice of using Inhalers for Outpatients have Chronic Obstructive...AI Publications
Objectives: To evaluate changes in the practice of using inhalers for outpatients have chronic obstructive pulmonary at Nam Dinh General Hospital after the intervention. To compare the effectiveness between intervention methods of direct consultation (DC) and direct counseling method incorporating information technology (DC – IT). Subject and method: Intervention study on two groups of patients, 30 patients have chronic obstructive pulmonary in each group with similar characteristics who were treated at Nam Dinh General Hospital from October 2019 to May 2020. Two research groups analyzed and compared the practice of patients at two times, the first time (T1) before the intervention and the second time (T2) after the intervention was 3 months with 3 consecutive interventions (each intervention was 1 month). One group intervened with the direct consultation method; one group intervened with the direct counseling method incorporating information technology. Data were collected by the observational method, using the inhaler procedure and entered and processed on SPSS 20.0 software. Results: The group of patients was intervened with the direct counseling method about practice using inhalers increased after the intervention, the average point of inhaler practice before the intervention was 6.50 ± 1.63 and after the intervention was 8.57 ± 0.63 with p <0.05. The group of patients who intervened with direct counseling method incorporating information technology about using an inhaler increased after the intervention from 6.70 ± 1.29 (before the intervention) to 8.80 ± 0.61 (after intervention), with p <0.05. The efficiency index of using the inhaler dose of (DC – IT) group was higher than the DC group at 63%. Conclusion: The average of the two groups increased significantly after the intervention. However, the intervention method of DC – IT was more effective than the DC method.
Health policy plan. 2007-lönnroth-156-66Reaksmey Pe
This study assessed the impact of a social franchise model for tuberculosis (TB) care delivered through private general practitioners (GPs) in Myanmar. The key findings were:
1) The franchisees contributed around 20% of newly diagnosed smear-positive TB cases notified to the national TB program, helping to improve case detection.
2) Lower socioeconomic groups represented 68% of TB patients accessing care through the franchise, indicating it helped reach the poor.
3) The treatment success rate for new smear-positive cases through the franchise was 84%, close to the WHO target of 85% and similar to the national program rate.
4) While overall costs of TB care were high for poor patients, comprising on
Running head U.S. HEALTHCARE EXECUTIVES 1U.S. HEALTHCARE EX.docxjenkinsmandie
Running head: U.S. HEALTHCARE EXECUTIVES
1
U.S. HEALTHCARE EXECUTIVES
7
Week 2 Assignment-Operational challenges, trends and issues for the U.S. Healthcare Executives
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Introduction
A healthcare system is an organization of funds, individuals, and institutions which provide healthcare to satisfy the health requirements of a society. Globally, healthcare systems vary depending on the specific healthcare needs of particular states. Nevertheless, the common aspects of public and private care are often similar (Drummond, Sculpher, Claxton, Stoddart & Torrance, 2015). Over the years, we have witnessed the systems evolving, and with this constant change, it is vital to analyze operational challenges, trends, and issues for the U.S. healthcare executives. In this paper, the main areas that will be discussed are operational challenges, trends, and problems experienced in the United States health care executives.
Challenges experienced in the healthcare workplace
Various problems have been experienced in the healthcare workplace relating to healthcare provision in the United States. Financial difficulties are one of the main challenges being experienced in the healthcare workplace in the United States. The vital financial problems arise due to lack of enough finances for implementation of new technologies to improve healthcare delivery process (Mayes, 2017). Most healthcare facilities lack adequate funds to implement advanced technologies that can be used to increase the quality of healthcare delivery. As a result, this has reduced healthcare quality improvement plans in the United States. Therefore, there is a need for federal governments to meek proper arrangements to fund all healthcare activities to improve services delivery in the health sector.
Besides, healthcare professionals to comply with federal requirements for electronic health records is another challenge that has been experienced in the United States healthcare workplace. For the past year, some healthcare professionals have failed to comply with federal government guidelines regarding health care delivery (Mayes, 2017). Furthermore, the increasing number of patients who cannot pay for health care services is a significant challenge that has been experienced in the United States healthcare delivery systems. These finance challenges adversely affect healthcare delivery system in the United States.
Work overload is another major challenge that has been experienced in the United States health sectors (Mayes, 2017). Observations for past years reveal that work overload at the workplace affects the performance of health care professionals in the United States. Most healthcare professionals are assigned many responsibilities at workplaces, which reduces their efficiency.
Another cause of the rising cost of healthcare is the introduction of government programs. For example, Medicare assists those without insurance, which led to an incre.
1) E-health provides opportunities to address challenges from changing demographics like chronic disease management and multiple morbidities, but faces challenges from incongruent policies, one-size-fits-all technologies, and treatment burden.
2) Rapidly developing technologies and increasing technology use provide opportunities if developed with user perspectives, but a biomedical focus risks widening inequalities.
3) Successful e-health requires normalizing services, engaging professionals, learning from experiences, and addressing research funding and evidence quality issues.
Option #2Researching a Leader Complete preliminary rese.docxmccormicknadine86
Option #2:
Researching a Leader
Complete preliminary research on the Internet and/or using online library databases. Compose a 1 PAGE summary of sources and an overview of each source.
Post any questions or comments about the content or requirements of the Portfolio Project to the questions thread in the Discussion Forum.
.
Option 1 ImperialismThe exploitation of colonial resources.docxmccormicknadine86
Option 1: Imperialism
The exploitation of colonial resources and indigenous labor was one of the key elements in the success of imperialism. Such exploitation was a result of the prevalent ethnocentrism of the time and was justified by the unscientific concept of social Darwinism, which praised the characteristics of white Europeans and inaccurately ascribed negative characteristics to indigenous peoples. A famous poem of the time by Rudyard Kipling, "White Man's Burden," called on imperial powers, and particularly the U.S., at whom the poem was directed, to take up the mission of civilizing these "savage" peoples.
Read the poem at the following link:
Link (website):
White Man's Burden (Links to an external site.)
(Rudyard Kipling)
After reading the poem, address the following in a case study analysis:
Select a specific part of the world (a country), and examine imperialism in that country. What was the relationship between the invading country and the native people? You can select from these examples or choose your own:
Belgium & Africa
Britain & India
Germany & Africa
France & Africa
Apply social Darwinism to this specific case.
Analyze the motivations of the invading country?
How did ethnocentrism manifest in their interactions?
How does Kipling's poem apply to your specific example? You can quote lines for comparison.
.
More Related Content
Similar to China’s economy中国经济httpworldmap.harvard.educhinamap.docx
DASHBOARD BENCHMARK
Miatta Teasley
Capella University
Running Head: DASHBOARD BENCHMARK
DASHBOARD BENCHMARK
April 19,2022
DASHBOARD BENCHMARK
Second Quarter Hypertension Intervention Compliance at Med for adults presenting with Diabetes
Intervention
Needed
Completed
Compliance Percentage
Initial Lactate within 3 hours
30
30
100%
Blood cultures were drawn before antibiotics
22
17
77%
Antibiotics administered within 3 hours
22
20
91%
Fluid resuscitation if in septic shock within 2hours
19
12
63%
Vasopressors if hypertension persists after fluid or lactate >4mmoL/L within 6 hours
12
7
58%
Overall
105
86
82%
Second Quarter Dialysis Intervention
Compliance and Inpatient Mortality
Patient ID
Number of Interventions needed
Number of Interventions completed
Inpatient Mortality
2000
4
2
0
2014
3
3
1
2098
2
1
0
2134
5
4
0
2156
3
4
1
2245
4
2
0
2345
3
3
1
2567
5
4
1
2676
4
1
1
2935
3
2
0
Note: The Staffing benchmark for the nurse staffing unit is 3 patients per nurse. The average monthly staffing for the unit is 3 nurse workloads. The average number of patients in the unit per month in the third quarter was 5.75.
The data above is a review regarding the compliance of Dialysis measures and interventions compliance and the sample of the second quarter inpatient mortality. The information below entails evaluating the data, which indicates that various departments need to be improved, and a proposal for a specific area and target for improvement.
Evaluation of Dashboard Metrics
There are several inefficiencies in regards to dialysis measures at Med. From the dashboard concerning the compliance of executing the arranged measures and procedures, the two stand out at the 77% compliance rate on drawing blood cultures before running antibiotics and 58% compliance rate on administering vasopressors for those patients that require them. As per Medicare.Gov (n.d), the national average for meeting dialysis guidelines is 72%, and the state of Minnesota is 60% which indicates that Med is performing at 82% overall testing. Higher percentages are required to ensure the advanced quality of life for residents of the healthcare institution (Morfín et al., 2018).
Failure to complete blood draws for cultures before running broad-spectrum antibiotics; there will be an incapability to authorize contamination and the responsible pathogen. This can result in an inefficient or ineffective intervention for aiding a patient. Moreover, by failing to confirm infection from the start, unnecessary and wasteful care interventions could be performed or ordered for patients (Morfín et al., 2018). As per the failure to administer vasopressors, the institution is gambling with the patient's life. As the reinforcement for the dialysis unit states, vasopressor therapy is needed to sustain and uphold perfusion in the wake of life-threatening hypertension. The needed nature of compliance concerning administering this intervention can be seen in the samp.
Economic burden of periodontal disease management msp madphsUKM
This document summarizes a presentation on estimating the economic burden of periodontal disease in Malaysia. It finds that periodontal disease imposes a substantial cost on the healthcare system and economy. Treating the estimated 11.5 million Malaysian adults with periodontitis would cost approximately RM 32.5 billion annually, or 3.83% of Malaysia's GDP. Costs increase with disease severity and need for surgical treatment. The study aims to raise awareness of this neglected disease and its negative economic impacts to inform policymakers and encourage prevention and early treatment.
This document discusses the importance of electronic health records and clinical decision support systems for improving healthcare quality and reducing costs and errors. It notes that healthcare information is essential for providing and managing patient care. Clinical decision support systems can help ensure best practices are followed and reduce unnecessary tests and costs. However, the document also finds that healthcare practices still vary greatly between regions and clinicians due to complexity, uncertainty and lack of evidence. More high-quality data and decision support are needed to address these issues and improve consistent high-value care.
The document discusses how clinical pharmacists can help reduce healthcare costs when integrated into medical teams. It presents evidence from studies showing that pharmacists improve clinical outcomes and lower costs through various methods. When pharmacists apply diagnostic data and utilize management skills while collaborating with medical staff, they can optimize drug therapy selection and monitoring, reducing costs up to 30% while improving patient care. The inclusion of pharmacists in multidisciplinary teams provides an effective approach for health systems to both enhance quality of care and contain expenses.
http://www.wpro.who.int/asia_pacific_observatory/hits/myanmar_pns1_en.pdf
What are the challenges facing Myanmar in progressing towards Universal Health Coverage?
https://www.irrawaddy.com/specials/challenges-impede-development-of-myanmars-public-health.html
Challenges Impede Development of Myanmar’s Public Health
https://europa.eu/capacity4dev/capacity-building-in-public-health-for-development/document/health-sector-reforms-myanmar-giving-more-space-public-health-interventions-ncds
Health Sector Reforms in Myanmar, giving more space for public health interventions for NCDs
This document discusses several enduring problems in healthcare systems including uncertainty about clinical effectiveness due to poor quality research, persistent variations in clinical practice, patient safety issues, reluctance to manage skill mix, and poor outcome measurement. It also outlines some achievements of the UK healthcare system such as the establishment of NICE to evaluate clinical and cost effectiveness, introduction of targets to reduce wait times, and beginning to benchmark safety incidents. However, it notes continuous reorganizations have not been properly evaluated and there is a need for greater focus on improving average performance and ensuring best practices are universally adopted.
(03) Occupational Exposure to Blood and Body Fluids.pdfHLeyva1
This study examined occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among healthcare workers in Gondar, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study design was used with 286 randomly selected participants. The main outcome of interest was occupational exposure to blood/body fluids in the past 12 months, defined as skin, eye, or mucous membrane contact with blood/body fluids. Key findings included:
1) The prevalence of occupational exposure was 65.3%.
2) Factors significantly associated with increased risk of exposure included lack of personal protective equipment, lack of training, khat chewing, and being a medical doctor.
3) The study aimed to determine the current prevalence and risk factors of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among healthcare
The Kingdom of Tonga has had one of the best overall levels of health within the Pacific as a result of a dramatic reduction in communicable diseases and maternal and child mortality since the 1950s. It is also on target to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) around maternal and child mortality. Adapting its strong primary health-care system to deal with the large financial burden associated with chronic and noncommunicable diseases and ensuring quality primary health-care services in remote areas are the main health sector challenges facing Tonga.
The world's population is growing larger, older, and sicker, placing increasing challenges on healthcare systems to expand access to care with finite resources. Chronic diseases now account for 70% of illnesses, and the population over 50 will increase by over 500 million by 2025. Healthcare systems face constraints like aging populations, growing disease burdens, and limited budgets. However, new medical technologies in development and advances in data analytics provide optimism for healthier futures. Key questions remain around how to introduce high-value innovations and make systems more sustainable.
The document provides a review of Tonga's health system. It summarizes that Tonga has a decentralized health system managed through 4 districts, with the majority of primary care and 90% of hospital services provided by the public sector. Key achievements include control of infectious diseases, high immunization coverage, and prioritization of non-communicable diseases. However, challenges remain such as high rates of non-communicable diseases and their risk factors. The health workforce faces issues of limited education opportunities and brain drain overseas. Infrastructure and medical equipment also require significant upgrades.
Current healthcare trends and jobs outlook for 2025needppthelp
This is a team assignment for HCAD 600 for the MS program in Healthcare Administration by UMUC. This presentation is a analysis of the current healthcare trends and job outlook for 2025 to be presented to the HR committee of Board of Directors of a healthcare organization to address workforce shortages in key healthcare areas.
This document discusses the problem of medication errors and reconciliations. It notes that 1.5 million adverse drug events occur annually in the US, costing $3.5 billion. Medication errors occur 22% of the time during admissions, transfers, and discharges. Common errors include omissions, dose discrepancies, and substitutions. The document proposes solutions like mobile apps to track medications, and partnerships between patients/families and healthcare providers to improve medication reconciliations through information sharing. It outlines a six step process for using evidence-based practices to drive innovation in medication management.
2 tool to estimate patient costs literature review_finalAira Bhabe
This document provides a literature review and conceptual framework for developing a tool to estimate patient costs of tuberculosis. It discusses approaches used to measure the cost of illness, including direct costs like medical expenses and indirect costs from lost income. The review found studies on patient costs in various stages: before diagnosis, during diagnosis/pre-treatment, and during treatment. Developing the cost estimation tool will help programs understand economic barriers patients face and design interventions to reduce costs and alleviate poverty. The tool aims to assess the impoverishing impact of tuberculosis and establish evidence for poverty reduction strategies.
The Tri-Council for Nursing is a collaborative composed of four national nursing organizations: the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), the American Nurses Association (ANA), the American Organization of Nurse Executives (AONE), and the National League for Nursing (NLN). These organizations work together to address issues of mutual importance to nursing practice, education, research, and administration.
Change in Practice of using Inhalers for Outpatients have Chronic Obstructive...AI Publications
Objectives: To evaluate changes in the practice of using inhalers for outpatients have chronic obstructive pulmonary at Nam Dinh General Hospital after the intervention. To compare the effectiveness between intervention methods of direct consultation (DC) and direct counseling method incorporating information technology (DC – IT). Subject and method: Intervention study on two groups of patients, 30 patients have chronic obstructive pulmonary in each group with similar characteristics who were treated at Nam Dinh General Hospital from October 2019 to May 2020. Two research groups analyzed and compared the practice of patients at two times, the first time (T1) before the intervention and the second time (T2) after the intervention was 3 months with 3 consecutive interventions (each intervention was 1 month). One group intervened with the direct consultation method; one group intervened with the direct counseling method incorporating information technology. Data were collected by the observational method, using the inhaler procedure and entered and processed on SPSS 20.0 software. Results: The group of patients was intervened with the direct counseling method about practice using inhalers increased after the intervention, the average point of inhaler practice before the intervention was 6.50 ± 1.63 and after the intervention was 8.57 ± 0.63 with p <0.05. The group of patients who intervened with direct counseling method incorporating information technology about using an inhaler increased after the intervention from 6.70 ± 1.29 (before the intervention) to 8.80 ± 0.61 (after intervention), with p <0.05. The efficiency index of using the inhaler dose of (DC – IT) group was higher than the DC group at 63%. Conclusion: The average of the two groups increased significantly after the intervention. However, the intervention method of DC – IT was more effective than the DC method.
Health policy plan. 2007-lönnroth-156-66Reaksmey Pe
This study assessed the impact of a social franchise model for tuberculosis (TB) care delivered through private general practitioners (GPs) in Myanmar. The key findings were:
1) The franchisees contributed around 20% of newly diagnosed smear-positive TB cases notified to the national TB program, helping to improve case detection.
2) Lower socioeconomic groups represented 68% of TB patients accessing care through the franchise, indicating it helped reach the poor.
3) The treatment success rate for new smear-positive cases through the franchise was 84%, close to the WHO target of 85% and similar to the national program rate.
4) While overall costs of TB care were high for poor patients, comprising on
Running head U.S. HEALTHCARE EXECUTIVES 1U.S. HEALTHCARE EX.docxjenkinsmandie
Running head: U.S. HEALTHCARE EXECUTIVES
1
U.S. HEALTHCARE EXECUTIVES
7
Week 2 Assignment-Operational challenges, trends and issues for the U.S. Healthcare Executives
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Introduction
A healthcare system is an organization of funds, individuals, and institutions which provide healthcare to satisfy the health requirements of a society. Globally, healthcare systems vary depending on the specific healthcare needs of particular states. Nevertheless, the common aspects of public and private care are often similar (Drummond, Sculpher, Claxton, Stoddart & Torrance, 2015). Over the years, we have witnessed the systems evolving, and with this constant change, it is vital to analyze operational challenges, trends, and issues for the U.S. healthcare executives. In this paper, the main areas that will be discussed are operational challenges, trends, and problems experienced in the United States health care executives.
Challenges experienced in the healthcare workplace
Various problems have been experienced in the healthcare workplace relating to healthcare provision in the United States. Financial difficulties are one of the main challenges being experienced in the healthcare workplace in the United States. The vital financial problems arise due to lack of enough finances for implementation of new technologies to improve healthcare delivery process (Mayes, 2017). Most healthcare facilities lack adequate funds to implement advanced technologies that can be used to increase the quality of healthcare delivery. As a result, this has reduced healthcare quality improvement plans in the United States. Therefore, there is a need for federal governments to meek proper arrangements to fund all healthcare activities to improve services delivery in the health sector.
Besides, healthcare professionals to comply with federal requirements for electronic health records is another challenge that has been experienced in the United States healthcare workplace. For the past year, some healthcare professionals have failed to comply with federal government guidelines regarding health care delivery (Mayes, 2017). Furthermore, the increasing number of patients who cannot pay for health care services is a significant challenge that has been experienced in the United States healthcare delivery systems. These finance challenges adversely affect healthcare delivery system in the United States.
Work overload is another major challenge that has been experienced in the United States health sectors (Mayes, 2017). Observations for past years reveal that work overload at the workplace affects the performance of health care professionals in the United States. Most healthcare professionals are assigned many responsibilities at workplaces, which reduces their efficiency.
Another cause of the rising cost of healthcare is the introduction of government programs. For example, Medicare assists those without insurance, which led to an incre.
1) E-health provides opportunities to address challenges from changing demographics like chronic disease management and multiple morbidities, but faces challenges from incongruent policies, one-size-fits-all technologies, and treatment burden.
2) Rapidly developing technologies and increasing technology use provide opportunities if developed with user perspectives, but a biomedical focus risks widening inequalities.
3) Successful e-health requires normalizing services, engaging professionals, learning from experiences, and addressing research funding and evidence quality issues.
Option #2Researching a Leader Complete preliminary rese.docxmccormicknadine86
Option #2:
Researching a Leader
Complete preliminary research on the Internet and/or using online library databases. Compose a 1 PAGE summary of sources and an overview of each source.
Post any questions or comments about the content or requirements of the Portfolio Project to the questions thread in the Discussion Forum.
.
Option 1 ImperialismThe exploitation of colonial resources.docxmccormicknadine86
Option 1: Imperialism
The exploitation of colonial resources and indigenous labor was one of the key elements in the success of imperialism. Such exploitation was a result of the prevalent ethnocentrism of the time and was justified by the unscientific concept of social Darwinism, which praised the characteristics of white Europeans and inaccurately ascribed negative characteristics to indigenous peoples. A famous poem of the time by Rudyard Kipling, "White Man's Burden," called on imperial powers, and particularly the U.S., at whom the poem was directed, to take up the mission of civilizing these "savage" peoples.
Read the poem at the following link:
Link (website):
White Man's Burden (Links to an external site.)
(Rudyard Kipling)
After reading the poem, address the following in a case study analysis:
Select a specific part of the world (a country), and examine imperialism in that country. What was the relationship between the invading country and the native people? You can select from these examples or choose your own:
Belgium & Africa
Britain & India
Germany & Africa
France & Africa
Apply social Darwinism to this specific case.
Analyze the motivations of the invading country?
How did ethnocentrism manifest in their interactions?
How does Kipling's poem apply to your specific example? You can quote lines for comparison.
.
Option Wireless LTD v. OpenPeak, Inc.Be sure to save an elec.docxmccormicknadine86
Option Wireless LTD v. OpenPeak, Inc.
Be sure to save an electronic copy of your answers before submitting it to Ashworth College for grading. Unless otherwise stated, you should answer in complete sentences, and be sure to use correct English, spelling, and grammar. Sources must be cited in APA format.
Your response should be a minimum of four (4) double-spaced pages; refer to the Length and Formatting instructions below for additional details.
In complete sentences respond to the following prompts:
Summarize the facts of the case;
Identify the parties and explain each party’s position;
Outline the case’s procedural history including any appeals;
What is the legal issue in question in this case?
How did the court rule on the legal issue of this case?
What facts did the court find to be most important in making its decision?
Respond to the following questions:
Are there any situations in which it might be a good idea to include additional or different terms in the “acceptance” without making the acceptance expressly conditional on assent to the additional or different terms?
Under what conditions can a contract be formed by the parties’ conduct? Why wasn’t the conduct of the parties here used as the basis for a contract?
Do you agree or disagree with the court’s decision? Provide an explanation for your reasoning either agree or disagree.
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF FLORIDA CASE NO. 12-80165-CIV-MARRA
OPTION WIRELESS, LTD., an Irish limited liability company, Plaintiff, v. OPENPEAK, INC., a Delaware corporation, Defendant. ______________________________/
OPINION AND ORDER
THIS CAUSE is before the Court upon Plaintiff/Counter-Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss Defendant/Counter-Plaintiff’s Counterclaim (DE 6). Counter-Plaintiff OpenPeak Inc. filed its 1 Memorandum in Opposition (DE 8). Counter-Defendant Option Wireless, Ltd, replied. (DE 12). The Court has carefully considered the briefs ofthe parties and is otherwise fully advised in the premises. I. Introduction2 In July 2010, Counter-Plaintiff OpenPeak Inc. was producing a computer tablet product for AT&T. (DE 4 ¶ 5). Seeking embedded wireless data modules for the tablet, Counter-Plaintiff submitted a purchase order to Counter-Defendant Option Wireless, Ltd, for 12,300 units of the modules at the price of $848,700.00. (DE 4 ¶ 4). Section 9 of the purchase order, labeled “BUYER’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS,” provided that [a]ll purchase orders and sales are made only upon these terms and conditions and those on the front of this document. This document, and not any quotation, invoice, or other Seller document (which, if construed to be an offer is hereby rejected), will Option Wireless, Ltd. v. OpenPeak, Inc. Doc. 19 Dockets.Justia.com 2 be deemed an offer or an appropriate counter-offer and is a rejection of any other terms or conditions. Seller, byaccepting any orders or deliverin.
Option A Land SharkWhen is a shark just a shark Consider the.docxmccormicknadine86
Option A: Land Shark
When is a shark just a shark? Consider the movie
Jaws
. What could the shark symbolize in our culture, society, or collective human mythology other than a man-eating fish? Why? Support your answer.
Next, think about a theatrical staging of
Jaws
. Describe the artistic choices you would make to bring
Jaws
the movie to Broadway. What genre would you choose? Describe at least three other elements of production and how you would approach them in your staging of
Jaws
as a stage play or musical.
Create
a response to these concepts in one of the following formats:
350- to 700-word paper
Apply
appropriate APA formatting.
.
Option 3 Discuss your thoughts on drugs and deviance. Do you think .docxmccormicknadine86
Option 3: Discuss your thoughts on drugs and deviance. Do you think using drugs is deviant behavior? Why do you think alcohol and tobacco are legal drugs and their use is not considered deviant when they are addictive, physically harmful, and socially disruptive?
No quotes or references needed.
.
OPTION 2 Can we make the changes we need to make After the pandemi.docxmccormicknadine86
OPTION 2: Can we make the changes we need to make? After the pandemic, we are in a time of significant upheaval and transition. We are all more keenly aware that economic shifts and transformations can happen suddenly and dramatically. As the World shut itself down in March 2020, it makes us all aware that we can change behavior globally and as a matter of will. In the U.S., people began to quarantine themselves ahead of government action more often than as a result of government mandates. Write a cohesive 1-2 page single-spaced document that answers the following questions.
2a. Reflecting on the profound changes we have all seen in the past year, how does that change your views regarding what might be possible with regard to energy use, carbon reductions, or other major transformations that might be needed to impact the type of climate change Earth has been experiencing.
2b. Reflect on the type of transformations that would be involved to address global warming. Now that you have seen the recent major transformations, does this make you believe that global warming threats can prompt the type of major economic and industrial changes needed to reduce the impacts that have been anticipated with increasing climate changes?
2c. What are the "experts" saying about the possibility of these transformations in light of what they have seen during the pandemic? Are researchers more or less optimistic about our global ability to reduce green house gases and control climate change after seeing the impact of the pandemic? Be sure to include REFERENCES both at the end of the text and in the text, like (Author, year)
.
Option 1 You will create a PowerPoint (or equivalent) of your p.docxmccormicknadine86
Option 1: You will create a PowerPoint (or equivalent) of your presentation and add voice over.
Option 2: If you are unable to add voice over to your PowerPoint, you will create a PowerPoint (or equivalent) of your presentation. Next, you will use
Screencast-o-
Matic
(or a similar program) to create a video recording of your screen and voice as your present the information. Third, you will upload the video presentation to
YouTube
so your instructor can view it. If you choose this option, you will submit your article as well as the PowerPoint (or equivalent) file and the link to the YouTube presentation to complete this assignment.
Guidelines:
The presentation must include both audio (your voice explaining the information) and visual (PowerPoint presentation including text and/or images). Videos should not be used within the presentation.
The presentation should include the following three aspects:
An overview of your specific topic and its importance and application in current society. Include historical information as appropriate to understand your topic.
Identification, discussion, and
critical evaluation
of the most frequently used assessment instruments related to your topic. Include the typical settings and purposes for which assessment instruments are used.
Discussion of the ethical, cultural, and societal issues concerning the use of psychological tests and assessment as related to your topic.
The presentation must be 15 minutes long (no more than 20).
The presentation must include information from at least 10 scholarly sources (if used, the course textbook does not count as one of these 10 sources).
APA style citations should be used within the presentation. A reference section (in APA style) should appear at the end of the presentation.
Resources:
.
Option A Description of Dance StylesSelect two styles of danc.docxmccormicknadine86
Option A: Description of Dance Styles
Select
two styles of dance, such as ballet, modern dance, or folk dance.
Describe
each style of dance, and
include
the following:
History and development of the style
Discussion of your understanding of the use of line, form, repetition, and rhythm in each piece
Description of what the movements of both styles communicate to you in terms of mood
Description of how artistic choice can affect the viewer in the selected style
Submit
your assignment in one of the following formats:
700- to 1,050-word paper
.
Option #2Provide several slides that explain the key section.docxmccormicknadine86
Option #2
Provide several slides that explain the key sections of your strategy you will use in the final Portfolio Project. Provide section headers and a brief description of each.
FINAL PROJECT GUIDE
In a 6- to 10-page paper, as the local Union President, design a managing union handbook for union relationship building and a process that favors union employees as well as identifying key components of the bargaining process that can easily be sold to your union members. Apply theory and design systems and policies throughout your work covering:
Contextual factors (historical and legislative) that have impacted and still impact the union environment;
policies that create a more sustainable union model;
management strategy for union collective bargaining that includes: innovative wage, benefit, and non-wage factors; and
employee engagement and involvement strategies that take into consideration the diverse and changing labor force.
.
Option 2 Slavery vs. Indentured ServitudeExplain how and wh.docxmccormicknadine86
Option 2: Slavery vs. Indentured Servitude
Explain how and why slavery developed in the American colonies.
Describe in what ways the practice of slavery was different between each colonial region in British North America.
Analyze the differences between slaves and indentured servants.
Writing Requirements (APA format)
Length: 1-2 pages (not including title page or references page)
Use standard essay writing process by including an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.
1-inch margins
Double spaced
12-point Times New Roman font
Title page
References page (minimum of 1 scholarly source)
No abstract is required
In-text citations that correspond with your end references
.
Option 2 ArtSelect any 2 of works of art about the Holocaus.docxmccormicknadine86
Option 2: Art
Select any 2 of works of art about the Holocaust. You can select from the following list or conduct additional research on Holocaust art. Make sure to get approval from your instructor if you are selecting something not on the list. Click on the link to see the list:
Link: List of Artists/Artworks
Write an analysis of each artwork, including the following information:
Identify the title, artist, date completed, and medium used.
Explain the content of the artwork - what do the images show?
How does the artwork relate to the bigger picture of the Holocaust?
How effective is the artwork in relating the Holocaust to viewers?
LIST OF ARTISTS AND ARTWORK
Morris Kestelman:
Lama Sabachthani [Why Have You Forsaken Me?]
George Mayer-Marton:
Women with Boudlers
Bill Spira:
Prisoners Carrying Cement
Jan Hartman:
Death March (Czechowice-Bielsko, January 1945)
Edgar Ainsworth:
Belsen
Leslie Cole:
One of the Death Pits, Belsen. SS Guards Collecting Bodies
Doris Zinkeisen:
Human Laundry, Belsen: April 1945
Eric Taylor:
A Young Boy from Belsen Concentration Camp
Mary Kessell:
Notes from Belsen Camp
Edith Birkin:
The Death Cart - Lodz Ghetto
Shmuel Dresner:
Benjamin
Roman Halter:
Mother with Babies
Leo Breuer:
Path Between the Barracks, Gurs Camp
Leo (Lev) Haas:
Transport Arrival, Theresienstadt Ghetto
Jacob Lipschitz:
Beaten (My Brother Gedalyahu)
Norbert Troller:
Terezin
Anselm Kiefer:
Sternenfall
.
Option #1 Stanford University Prison Experiment Causality, C.docxmccormicknadine86
Option #1:
Stanford University Prison Experiment: Causality, Controlling Patterns, and Growth Mode
Revisit Philip Zimbardo's (1971) Stanford University Prison Experiment. Analyze the experiment in terms of causality, controlling patterns, and its growth mode.
What lessons can be learned from this experiment that can be generalized to business social systems, such as organizational design/organizational structures?
Your well-written paper should meet the following requirements:
· Be 5 pages in length.
· Be formatted according to APA
· Include at least five scholarly or peer-reviewed articles
· Include a title page, section headers, introduction, conclusion, and references page.
Reference:
Revisiting the Stanford Prison Experiment: a Lesson in the Power of Situation
~~~~~~~~
BY THE 1970s, psychologists had done a series of studies establishing the social power of groups. They showed, for example, that groups of strangers could persuade people to believe statements that were obviously false. Psychologists had also found that research participants were often willing to obey authority figures even when doing so violated their personal beliefs. The Yale studies by Stanley Milgram in 1963 demonstrated that a majority of ordinary citizens would continually shock an innocent man, even up to near-lethal levels, if commanded to do so by someone acting as an authority. The "authority" figure in this case was merely a high-school biology teacher who wore a lab coat and acted in an official manner. The majority of people shocked their victims over and over again despite increasingly desperate pleas to stop.
In my own work, I wanted to explore the fictional notion from William Golding's Lord of the Flies about the power of anonymity to unleash violent behavior. In one experiment from 1969, female students who were made to feel anonymous and given permission for aggression became significantly more hostile than students with their identities intact. Those and a host of other social-psychological studies were showing that human nature was more pliable than previously imagined and more responsive to situational pressures than we cared to acknowledge. In sum, these studies challenged the sacrosanct view that inner determinants of behavior--personality traits, morality, and religious upbringing--directed good people down righteous paths.
Missing from the body of social-science research at the time was the direct confrontation of good versus evil, of good people pitted against the forces inherent in bad situations. It was evident from everyday life that smart people made dumb decisions when they were engaged in mindless groupthink, as in the disastrous Bay of Pigs invasion by the smart guys in President John F. Kennedy's cabinet. It was also clear that smart people surrounding President Richard M. Nixon, like Henry A. Kissinger and Robert S. McNamara, escalated the Vietnam War when they knew, and later admitted, it was not winnable. They were .
Option A Gender CrimesCriminal acts occur against individu.docxmccormicknadine86
Option A: Gender Crimes
Criminal acts occur against individuals because of gender – some of these are labeled as hate crimes in the U.S. (consider cases of violence against transgendered and homosexual individuals) and others occur across cultures. Choose two other types of “gender crimes” and discuss what these acts reveal about deep-seated cultural values and beliefs. One possibility is to examine bride burning or dowry death in India.
Submit a paper (750-1250 words) that explores gender crimes. Provide at least three references cited within the text and listed in the references section.
.
opic 4 Discussion Question 1 May students express religious bel.docxmccormicknadine86
opic 4: Discussion Question 1
May students express religious beliefs in class discussion or assignments or engage in prayer in the classroom? What are some limitations? Support your position with examples from case law, the U.S. Constitution, or other readings.
Topic 4: Discussion Question 2
Do all student-led religious groups have an absolute right to meet at K-12 schools? If not, discuss one limitation under the Equal Access Act. May a teacher be a sponsor of the club? Can the teacher participate in its activities? Why or why not? Support your position with examples from case law, the U.S. Constitution, or other readings.
.
Option 1Choose a philosopher who interests you. Research that p.docxmccormicknadine86
Option 1:
Choose a philosopher who interests you. Research that philosopher, detailing how they developed their ideas and the importance of those ideas to the progress of philosophy and human understanding. Keep in mind that you should be focusing on their philosophy, not simply their biography, although some basic details of their life not related to philosophy may be needed, especially when it involves experiences that influenced their thinking.
Option 2:
Look at a specific Philosophical movement. Explain the ideas important to that movement (such as existentialism and positivism) and the influence they had. I am pretty flexible on what you can do with this one, so if you have an idea, don’t hesitate to ask!
Requirements
The typed body of your paper must be a minimum of 1500 words.
It should be typed, 12 point, double spaced. A minimum of three sources must be used,
.
Option #1The Stanford University Prison Experiment Structu.docxmccormicknadine86
Option #1:
The Stanford University Prison Experiment: Structure, Behavior, and Results
Philip Zimbardo’s Stanford University Prison Experiment could be described as a system whose systemic properties enabled the behaviors of the system's actors, leading to disturbing results.
Analyze the situation. What were the key elements of the system? How did the system operate? Why did the participants behave as they did? What lessons can be learned from this experiment about systems in relation to management?
Your well-written paper should meet the following requirements:
Be six pages in length.
Be formatted according to the APA
Include at least seven scholarly or peer-reviewed articles.
Include a title page, section headers, introduction, conclusion, and references page.
Reference:
Zimbardo, P. G. (2007).
Revisiting the Stanford prison experiment: A lesson in the power of situation (Links to an external site.)
.
Chronicle of Higher Education, 53(
30), B6.
BY THE 1970s, psychologists had done a series of studies establishing the social power of groups. They showed, for example, that groups of strangers could persuade people to believe statements that were obviously false. Psychologists had also found that research participants were often willing to obey authority figures even when doing so violated their personal beliefs. The Yale studies by Stanley Milgram in 1963 demonstrated that a majority of ordinary citizens would continually shock an innocent man, even up to near-lethal levels, if commanded to do so by someone acting as an authority. The "authority" figure in this case was merely a high-school biology teacher who wore a lab coat and acted in an official manner. The majority of people shocked their victims over and over again despite increasingly desperate pleas to stop.
In my own work, I wanted to explore the fictional notion from William Golding's Lord of the Flies about the power of anonymity to unleash violent behavior. In one experiment from 1969, female students who were made to feel anonymous and given permission for aggression became significantly more hostile than students with their identities intact. Those and a host of other social-psychological studies were showing that human nature was more pliable than previously imagined and more responsive to situational pressures than we cared to acknowledge. In sum, these studies challenged the sacrosanct view that inner determinants of behavior--personality traits, morality, and religious upbringing--directed good people down righteous paths.
Missing from the body of social-science research at the time was the direct confrontation of good versus evil, of good people pitted against the forces inherent in bad situations. It was evident from everyday life that smart people made dumb decisions when they were engaged in mindless groupthink, as in the disastrous Bay of Pigs invasion by the smart guys in President John F. Kennedy's cabinet. It was also clear that smart people su.
Open the file (Undergrad Reqt_Individual In-Depth Case Study) for in.docxmccormicknadine86
Open the file (Undergrad Reqt_Individual In-Depth Case Study) for instruction which is
blue highlighted
and I already
highlighted yellow
for the section that you need to answer which is
SECTION 2.
I
uploaded 2 articles that you need to read to answer the questions
and Pay attention to (Individual In-Depth Case Study Rubric).
.
onsider whether you think means-tested programs, such as the Tem.docxmccormicknadine86
onsider whether you think means-tested programs, such as the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), and Supplemental Security Income (SSI), create dependency among its recipients. Then, think about how the potential perception of dependency might contribute to the stigma surrounding welfare programs. Finally, reflect on the perceptions you might have regarding individuals who receive means-tested welfare and how that perception might affect your work with clients.
By Day 4
Post
an explanation of whether means-tested programs (TANF, SNAP, and SSI) create dependency. Then, explain how the potential perception of dependency might contribute to the stigma surrounding welfare programs. Finally, explain the perceptions you have regarding people who receive means-tested welfare and how that perception might affect your work with clients.
Support your post with specific references to the resources. Be sure to provide full APA citations for
.
Operations security - PPT should cover below questions (chapter 1 to 6)
Compare & Contrast access control in relations to risk, threat and vulnerability.
Research and discuss how different auditing and monitoring techniques are used to identify & protect the system against network attacks.
Explain the relationship between access control and its impact on CIA (maintaining network confidentiality, integrity and availability).
Describe access control and its level of importance within operations security.
Argue the need for organizations to implement access controls in relations to maintaining confidentiality, integrity and availability (e.g., Is it a risky practice to store customer information for repeat visits?)
Describe the necessary components within an organization's access control metric.
Power Point Presentation
7 - 10 slides total (
does not include title or summary slide
)
Try using the 6×6 rule to keep your content concise and clean looking. The 6×6 rule means a maximum of six bullet points per slide and six words per bullet point
Keep the colors simple
Use charts where applicable
Use notes section of slide
Include transitions
Include use of graphics / animations
.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Article: https://pecb.com/article
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A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
1. China’s economy
中国经济
http://worldmap.harvard.edu/chinamap/
How has China’s economy changed 1949-present?
What is the structure of PR China’s economy?
What are some major agricultural issues in China?
What are some industrial issues in China?
What is the Belt and Road Initiative?
What are the economic forces at work in China?
How has the economic reform policy progressed in China?
How has China’s economy changed 1949-present?
Economy Timeline
Mao 1950s Land reform, Collectivization, Great Leap Forward,
1960s Cultural Revolution
1976 Four Modernizations
Deng Reforms
1980s Agricultural Responsibility System
Socialist Economy with Chinese Characteristics
Exports
1992 Deng’s Southern tour
2. Regional Development, Coast, Interior
2000 Develop the West
2010 Moderate Prosperity, Technology, Green
2013 Third Plenum - China Dream
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-25033622
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-31744373
Videos
China in the Red
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/red/
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xen5f7_pbs-china-in-the-
red-9-11_news
What are the lives of people like?
Form of Economy
Mixed Economy
Market-Leninism
Transition: Elements of Socialism, Market & Capitalism
What is the structure of PR China’s economy?
Ownership types: State, Collective, Private and individual,
Foreign
3. Economic Indicators
GDP Trillion $25.36
GDP per capita $18, 200
GDP growth 6.9% GDP Composition
Agriculture 8%, Industry 40% Service 52%
Labor Composition
Agriculture 28%, Industry 29% Service 43%
Poverty 3.3%, <RMB2300 ( US$400)
Trade
Exports (number 1):
US 19, Hong Kong 12, Japan 6, South Korea 5
Electrical, computers, apparel, furniture, textiles
Imports ( number 2):
South Korea 10, Japan 9, US 9, Germany 5, Australia 5
Electrical, oil, medical, ore, vehicle, soybean
Structure of China’s Transitional Economy 1
Structure of China’s Transitional Economy
Industrial structure (compare to Japan and S. Korea)
Enterprise groups – SOE State Operated Enterprise
state support/control, losing money, 25% industry
4. Collective enterprises – independent of state
manager bought company from state
40% industry
TVE Enterprises – Township and Village Enterprises (former
collective)
Owned operated by rural - Dynamic element of economy
Structure of China’s Transitional Economy 2
Private Entrepreneurs - small business, 20% industry
services/manufactures Difficult taxes, legality, politics
Foreign Ventures – partnerships, 10% industry
– commerce, industry
Agriculture - backbone of economy 8% econ
employment / food supply
Responsibility system, state out of agriculture
have right to work land
Food price control and some subsidies still exist
Economic Dualism
Industrial v. non-industrial : worker - peasant
Coastal & open cities v. hinterland “backward”
City v. country
urban v. rural
China Inc?
Simplified form
CCP
6. What are some major Industrial Issues in China?
Market reform: local, national and international markets
Control: local, regional, national, foreign, global
Labor: jobs, training, skills, lay-offs, rural labor looking for
work
Land: encroachment on farmlands
Capital: less of problem, foreign investment
Technology: more mechanization, less need for labor
Environment: land degradation, air pollution, water pollution;
water usage
8. Routes and Ports of entry
http://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-new-trade-routes-center-it-
on-geopolitical-map-1415559290
China and Kazakhstan
Khorgos- highway
Alataw Pass- rail
China and Kyrgyz Republic
Torugart- highway
What are the economic Forces at work in China?
Trade Export #1, Import #2
Investment #7
Aid #1
Tourism arr.#4, dep.#1
9. HEALTH CARE POLICY AND SYSTEMS
1
Key words
Patient safety, quality improvement,
evidence-based practice, medication
administration errors, intervention research,
focus group, drug round tabard
Accepted: May 3, 2014
doi: 10.1111/jnu.12092
Abstract
Background: The use of drug round tabards is a widespread
intervention that
is implemented to reduce the number of interruptions and
medication admin-
istration errors (MAEs) by nurses; however, evidence for their
effectiveness is
scarce.
Purpose: Evaluation of the effect of drug round tabards on the
frequency and
type of interruptions, MAEs, the linearity between interruptions
and MAEs, as
well as to explore nurses’ experiences with the tabards.
Study Design: A mixed methods before-after study, with three
observation
periods on three wards of a Dutch university hospital, combined
11. that require action by the hospitals (Institute for Safe
Medication Practices, 2014; World Health Organization
High 5, 2014).
Literature indicates that the ME rate may vary from
5% to 25% in all episodes of in-hospital drug admin-
istration, but only 19% are reported (Antonow, Smith,
& Silver, 2000; Krahenbuhl-Melcher et al., 2007; West-
brook, Woods, Rob, Dunsmuir, & Day, 2010). This could
indicate that the actual incidence rates might be higher.
Therefore, MEs endanger the safety of patients. MEs
occur in every stage of the medication process, with
50% of them associated with medication administration
(Krahenbuhl-Melcher et al., 2007). In hospitals, nurses
are generally responsible for this stage in the medication
process.
In general, interruptions or distractions are recognized
to reduce efficiency and contribute to errors (Brixey et al.,
2007). In specific, interruptions appear to be a promi-
nent causative factor for medication administration er-
rors (MAEs; Biron, Loiselle, & Lavoie-Tremblay, 2009;
Freeman, McKee, Lee-Lehner, & Pesenecker, 2012; Tr-
bovich, Prakash, Stewart, Trip, & Savage, 2010; West-
brook et al., 2010).
The literature describes several initiatives that in-
fluence nursing medication practice to reduce MAEs
(Hodgkinson, Koch, Nay, & Nichols, 2006; Raban &
Westbrook, 2013). One of these interventions includes
tabards, or vests, with the inscription “do not disturb” or
visible signage.
The use of drug round tabards is a widespread, in-
expensive intervention that is thought to reduce the
12. number of interruptions during drug rounds and MAEs.
However, in practice the tabards are unpopular among
nurses; they doubt their effectiveness and do not feel
comfortable wearing them. Additionally, the evidence
on effectiveness of using tabards is limited (Raban &
Westbrook, 2013; Scott, Williams, Ingram, & Mackenzie,
2010). When evidence is lacking, the incentive to wear
a tabard will be especially weak and one can become re-
luctant to implement interventions (Glasziou, Ogrinc, &
Goodman, 2011; Smeulers, Onderwater, van Zwieten, &
Vermeulen, 2014). If the effectiveness of these tabards
can be established and barriers and facilitators can be
identified, implementation in clinical practice will be fa-
cilitated and endorsed. Therefore, the aim of our study
is to evaluate the effect of drug round tabards on (a)
the frequency and type of interruptions, (b) the number
and type of MAEs, and (c) the magnitude of the relation
between interruptions and MAEs during the process of
preparation, distribution, and administration of medica-
tion in hospital wards. In addition, we explored nurses’
perspectives and experiences with drug round tabards to
identify barriers and facilitators for implementation.
Methods
Setting
Three wards in a Dutch 1,024-bed university hospi-
tal contributed to this study: neurology, neurosurgery,
and a combined ward with dermatology, ophthalmol-
ogy, and ENT services. In total, these wards contain 60
beds. Each ward has a closed medication storage and
preparation room where medication carts are stored for
use during drug rounds. These carts are equipped with
drawers and files containing computer-printed medica-
tion prescriptions for each patient. All oral medications
13. are distributed for 24 hr and are checked once by the
ward’s night shift. Fluids, intravenous medications, and
other medications for injection are prepared and double-
checked during each drug round directly before drug ad-
ministration.
Population
The participants were all registered nurses. Each had
an individual responsibility for distributing medications
to their assigned patients.
Study Design
We performed a mixed method study, using a before-
after design to collect the number of interruptions and
MAEs during drug rounds before the implementation of
the tabard in April 2012 (period 1), as well as 2 weeks
and 4 months after tabard implementation (i.e., in May
and September 2012, respectively periods 2 and 3). An
interruption or a distraction was defined as an event ini-
tiated by another professional(s) or something else, and
when a nurse interrupted him- or herself. In this study,
the term interruption was used for distractions as well as
for interruptions. MAEs are defined as a breach of one of
the seven rights of medication administration: correct pa-
tient, drug, dose, time, route, reason, and documentation
(Pape, 2003).
During period 2, nurses’ perspectives regarding the
tabard were collected by documenting spontaneous re-
marks and asking a single question at the end of the ob-
servation: “What is your experience with the drug round
tabard?” In period 3, in-depth information on nurses’
perspectives, experiences, and views was collected in a
focus group setting to gain insight in barriers and facilita-
15. All observers (n = 6) were final phase baccalaure-
ate nursing students who have followed approximately
2 years of apprenticeship. The observers got instruction
on how to score and interpret the items on the obser-
vation checklist and also to interfere if they observed
MAEs that might be harmful to the patient. Although
the students had not graduated yet at the time of the
study, we were convinced that they had sufficient knowl-
edge and awareness to assess the severity of clinical
situations.
Data Collection
Quantitative data were collected on eight different
categories of interruptions that are grouped into either
verbal or nonverbal interruptions, based on a previ-
ously published observation form (Table 1; Smeulers,
Hoekstra, van Dijk, Overkamp, & Vermeulen, 2013). To
observe the frequency and type of MAEs, we merged it
with the “seven right” items of Pape et al. (2003) that
we converted into “seven wrongs”: wrong patient, dose,
medication, timing, route, indication, and reporting. In a
pilot phase, the observers performed eight observations in
pairs to validate the checklist. To determine observation
agreement on the counting of interruptions and MAEs,
the interobserver agreement was calculated using the in-
terclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Of the 14 items, 12
items scored an ICC > .80 (almost perfect agreement)
and 2 items (i.e., verbal interruptions caused by patients
and nonverbal interruptions caused by the surrounding)
scored an ICC between .55 and .60 (moderate agreement;
Table 1. Definition of Interruptions During Medication
Preparation and
Administration
16. Category Description
Verbal colleague Colleague initiates a dialog with nurse
Verbal person Nurse initiates a dialog
Verbal patient Patient initiates a dialog with nurse
Nonverbal colleague Colleagues initiates an interruption,
e.g., getting supplies in the vicinity
Nonverbal person Nurse initiates interruption, e.g.,
helping a colleague, pager response
Nonverbal patient Patient initiates interruption, e.g.,
being in the vicinity of the nurse
Nonverbal surrounding Surrounding environment, e.g.,
cleaning or stock working staff
Nonverbal logistics Missing supplies for preparing the
medications
Table 2. Focus Group Topics
Topics Subheadings
Drug round tabards and safe
medication administration
17. Experience positive/negative and
why?
Do you wear the tabard and why?
What additional interventions will
contribute to medication safety?
What do you think of checklists,
visual reminders, and a do not
disturb zone?
Colleagues who do not wear
the tabard
Do you or don’t you confront your
colleagues when they do not
cooperate and why?
Pros and cons regarding
implementation
What factors contribute to your
choice whether to wear or not
to wear the tabard?
19. Table 3. Demographics
Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 Total
n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)
Observations 105 104 104 313
Gender Male 16 (15) 27 (26) 14 (13) 57 (18)
Female 89 (85) 77 (74) 90 (87) 256 (82)
Age (year) Median (range) 40 (22–64) 42.5 (22–63) 45 (22–62)
42 (22–64)
Education Bachelor’s 41 (39) 46 (45) 53 (51) 140 (45)
Community
college
17 (16) 15 (14) 5 (5) 37 (12)
Inservice 45 (42) 43 (41) 46 (44) 134 (42)
Other 2 (2) 0 0 2 (1)
Observations/ward Neurology 39 (37) 36 (35) 37 (35) 112 (36)
Neurosurgery 35 (33) 40 (38) 33 (32) 108 (34)
Dermatology-
Ophthalmology-
20. ENT
31 (30) 28 (27) 34 (33) 93 (30)
Medication rounds 8.00 20 (20) 19 (18) 19 (18) 58 (19)
12.00 20 (19) 20 (20) 19 (18) 59 (19)
16.00 22 (21) 20 (20) 26 (25) 68 (21)
18.00 14 (13) 15 (14) 16 (15) 45 (14)
20.00 14 (13) 15 (14) 11 (11) 40 (13)
22.00 15 (14) 15 (14) 13 (13) 43 (14)
The focus group was led by a moderator and an observer.
The moderator facilitated an open discussion, which was
structured around the derived topics. Special attention
was paid to all participants contributing their opinions.
The focus group session was taped and transcribed.
Data Entry and Crosscheck
The six observers entered their own data, and they
cross-checked each other. One researcher compared all
entered data with the original observation.
Sample Size and Data Analysis
Because the effect of tabards on MAEs is unknown, we
were unable to calculate the sample size based on this
end point; therefore, we used the effects on interruptions.
Based on previously published interruption rates of 15%
to 50%, we hypothesized an average reduction of 30%
for the power calculation (Scott et al., 2010; Smeulers
21. et al., 2013; Trbovich et al., 2010). A sample size of 100
observations before and 100 observations after the inter-
vention would have 90% power to detect the effect of the
tabards with a .05 significance level.
Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the de-
mographics and frequencies of different types of inter-
ruptions and MAEs. A Kruskal-Wallis test was performed
to compare the interruptions and MAEs due to a skewed
distribution of the data. After a natural logarithmic trans-
formation, we performed a univariable linear regression
analysis of MAEs (dependent) on interruptions (indepen-
dent). All statistical analyses were performed using IBM
SPSS statistics version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Data collected during the observations and the focus
group session were analyzed iteratively by four of the six
observers. By discussing the interview and focus group
items, they coded topics and built a coding tree. Next
they grouped the topics and identified the most rele-
vant themes related to nurses’ experiences with the drug
round tabards regarding barriers and facilitators for im-
plementation (Boeije, 2008; Lucassen & Hartman olde,
2007).
Results
A total of 313 medication administrations were ob-
served. Distribution of data collection and observations
on each ward was distributed evenly on all rounds and
for each period, with 40% of the observations occurring
during the evening rounds (6 p.m., 8 p.m., and 10 p.m.)
and 20% during the weekend rounds. The characteristics
of the observed nurses were equally distributed during
each period as well (Table 3).
23. Nonverbal surrounding 94 0 (1) 112 1 (2) 14 0 (0) <.05
Total 517 4 (5) 448 4 (4) 112 1 (2) <.05
Note. IQR interquartile range; NA not applicable.
Figure 1. Mean interruptions per medication administration
round.
observed during period 1 were of verbal origin, and most
were caused and initiated by colleagues and persons other
than patients. The most common nonverbal interruptions
were caused by the surroundings (e.g., the telephone, ra-
dio, or conversations of others nearby). In period 2, there
were fewer interruptions than in period 1. The median
total verbal interruptions were reduced over the peri-
ods. The median nonverbal interruptions were only re-
duced in period 3. A significant effect of the tabards was
found for both the verbal and nonverbal interruption
rates. The individual interruptions showed a significant
decrease, with the exception of verbal and nonverbal in-
terruptions initiated by patients. Most decreases in inter-
ruptions were seen at the drug rounds occurring at 8 a.m.,
12 p.m., and 6 p.m. For the drug rounds at 8 p.m. and
10 p.m., we observed a slight increase in interruptions in
period 2, although in period 3 a further decrease occurred
(see Figure 1).
Medication Administration Errors
A 66%, and significant, reduction in MAEs was found
after implementing the tabards (Table 5, Figure 2).
The most frequent procedural MAEs are the absence of
patient identification, incorrect administration time (ei-
ther too early or too late), and not reporting in accor-
25. Wrong route 4 0 (0) 4 0 (0) 0 NA .13
Wrong indication 0 NA 1 0 (0) 0 NA .37
Wrong reporting 126 1 (2) 82 0 (1) 0 NA <.05
Total 432 3 (3) 349 2.5 (3) 120 1 (1) <.05
Note. IQR interquartile range; NA not applicable.
Figure 2. Mean MAEs per medication administration round.
Table 6. Parameter Estimate for Intercept Medication
Administration
Errors and Variable Interruptions
Parameter Standard Test
Variable estimate (B) error statistic p
Intercept .800 .065 12.361 <.05
Interruptions .271 .045 6.005 <.05
Table 6). The R2 of the model is 10.4%, which indicates
that approximately one tenth of the MAEs can be ex-
plained by interruptions.
Nurses’ Experiences With Wearing the Tabard
By documenting remarks during the drug rounds and
asking a single interview question at the end of drug
rounds, we collected nurses’ experiences with and opin-
ions about wearing the tabards. The reactions ranged
from positive and enthusiastic to negative and even re-
fusal to wear the tabard. Experiences with wearing the
27. and because of this, it attracts patients’ and visitors’
attention, and this results in questions about the reason
for wearing the tabard, which distracts eventually from
your medication task. But overall, they are an excellent
idea.
Effectiveness considerations. Perspectives on the
effectiveness of the tabard varied. Some felt that it did
not work at all: “I think it is nonsense and don’t think it
is effective.” Other nurses mentioned that the tabard was
only useful at certain times:
It is a very good idea, especially during daytime. It will
make people think about “do not disturb,” but I think
that during evening shifts it is more efficacious, that is
the time when there are many visitors. I really think it
is a good idea!
The intervention works as a signal for colleagues, they
realise that you are doing medication. However, I do
not think the tabard is effective in an evening shift
when there are many visitors, no secretary to answer
telephone calls etc.
Six of the nine invited nurses were able to attend and
participate in the focus group discussion. They discussed
the prominent color of the tabard as a barrier for use
as some patients complained about the fluorescent yel-
low color. The participants suggested another color might
solve this. Hygiene issues were not considered a problem
for exchanging the tabard among nurses; nevertheless,
the participants found it important to establish a cleaning
protocol for the tabards with the hospital laundry service.
All participants frequently were asked questions about
the purpose of the tabards from visitors and patients.
These questions distracted them from their tasks. There-
28. fore, they suggested informing patients and visitors about
the tabard upon admission or entry to the hospital. In ad-
dition to the drug round tabards, they expressed thoughts
about the importance of focusing on team culture, where
it is considered normal to not disturb each other during
tasks and where it is acceptable to address disturbances
when they do occur. The group also discussed the impor-
tance of leadership and team member role models as they
considered this to be an important stimulus and good mo-
tivation for nurses to wear the tabard.
Discussion
This study shows a significant effect of drug round
tabards on interruptions and MAE rate and a significant
linearity between interruptions and MAEs (R2 of 10.4%).
Therefore, we can conclude that the tabards were effec-
tive in improving medication administration safety. How-
ever, from the nurses’ experiences it became clear that
they have mixed emotions about wearing the tabard.
Nurses feel awkward and uncomfortable in the tabard,
but they are prepared to wear the tabard if its effective-
ness can be demonstrated, as also found by Scott et al.
(2010). In the focus group, suggestions were made to
change the color and appearance of the tabard. When
asked about the effectiveness of the tabard, some nurses
had positive experiences, but others expressed doubts
about its effectiveness. Patients are not always aware of
the tabard’s purpose, and wearing a tabard did not change
the patients’ attempts to attract the nurses’ attention.
This was confirmed by the quantitative outcomes that
showed a nonsignificant effect of the tabard on interrup-
tions caused by patients. The nurses also expressed their
opinion that patients should always feel free to ask the
nurses questions. Additionally, the nurses reported that
the main sources of interruptions during drug rounds
30. during drug rounds. They were eager to reduce MAEs
and wanted to contribute to the study. These factors
may have caused nurses to realize the importance of
their task. Because previously published studies have sug-
gested that nurses should change their behavior to reduce
interruptions and MAEs, the drug round tabard can be
considered a tool for changing nurses’ behavior (Biron
et al., 2009; Relihan, O’Brien, O’Hara, & Silke, 2010).
In conclusion, the drug round tabards created an ob-
served effect on MAEs that was most likely not only the
result of the tabards. This explains the significant results
on both MAEs and interruptions and the low regression
model R2.
To obtain representative results, we observed all drug
rounds, with the exception of night shifts, on both surgi-
cal and internal medicine wards. The mixed method ap-
proach with a combination of quantitative data collection
on the effect of the tabards with experiences and per-
spectives of the participants in a mixed methods design
proved a valuable research design because it uncovered
all incentives (Glasziou et al., 2011; Seidl & Newhouse,
2012). The combined checklist was validated during this
study using a nested interobserver agreement test (ICC)
where 2 of the 14 observation items scored moderate
agreement among observers, which could be considered a
weakness for the observation process. However, 12 items
scored almost perfect agreement, and after discussing the
interpretation of the two moderate scored items, we con-
sidered the checklist reliable. Furthermore, this study has
some limitations. Although some form of observer effect
could not be eliminated in our study, we assume that
this hardly influenced the effects since Barker, Flynn, and
Pepper (2002) stated that observations are a valid, effi-
cient, and accurate method of detecting MAEs and that
31. there is no significant effect of observers on the observed
personnel. Secondly, all observers were final phase nurs-
ing students, and one can argue their ability to observe
the complex task of medication preparation and admin-
istration. However, they are trained and experienced in
medication management, and since they have no rela-
tionship with the team under observation, they are able
to get unbiased information and observations. Lastly, in
a before-after design, one cannot correct for changes
over time. Although we carefully selected the observa-
tion periods, we could not prevent the influence of low
bed occupancy on all three observed wards during the
different observation periods. In future research, one
could consider more robust study designs to address this
issue (e.g., a cluster randomized controlled trial or a con-
trolled before-after study; Raban & Westbrook, 2013). In
contrast to previous studies on multifaceted strategies, we
would recommend analyzing the single contribution of
each intervention to avoid the implementation of unnec-
essary and non-evidence-based interventions (Freeman
et al., 2012; Relihan et al., 2010; Tomietto et al., 2012).
Conclusions and Implications for Further
Research
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Mirthe van Loon, Manon
Boers, Nousjka Westerlaken, Heleen van Essen, Milou
Bakker, Lisa Appelman, Andrea Kuckert, and Marjoke
Hoekstra for their contributions to our study.
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39. was completed.
might help staff
nurses provide a better quality of care
to groups that are
very similar to the sample in the study
from here?
Avoid cause and effect statements: Even in tightly
controlled clinical trials it is
very difficult to conclude there was a 1:1 cause and effect
result. Studies rarely
prove anything, but the findings do add to what is known about
a topic.
Examples of Conclusions
Research Question Conclusions
Does drinking diet soda contribute to
obesity in adolescents?
The results of the study found adolescents who drink
diet soda weigh on average 5.4 lbs. more than the
adolescents who do not drink diet soda in this sample
of 100 junior high students in a Midwestern U.S. city.
The study did not measure dietary patterns or activity
levels, and these variables would need to be included
in a follow-up study.
What is the relationship of nursing
fatigue and patient outcomes on critical
care units?
41. delineated. (three short paragraphs)
Implications for Practice
This section should include three implications for clinical
practice. This section should also be three short paragraphs that
delineate each implication. Support from the literature is
recommended.
Conclusion
A short paragraph concluding the paper.
References
(Please note that the following references are intended as
examples only.) Remove instructions prior to submission
Gray, J. R., Grove, S.K., & Sutherland, S. (2017). The Practice
of Nursing Research, (8th
ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier
Verweij, L., Smeulers, M., Maaskant, J. M., & Vermeulen, H.
(2014). Quiet please! Drug round
tabards: Are they effective and accepted? A mixed method
study. Journal of Nursing
Scolarship, 46(5), 340. Doi: 10.1111/jnu.12092
Instructions for Assignment
42. For this Assignment, review the Research Methods and Findings
of the Verweij study conducted in 2014 in this week’s
resources. The primary purpose of this quantitative research
study was to investigate the effectiveness of an intervention to
decrease medication errors in a hospital. The citation and
discussion/conclusion information is intentionally deleted so
you can draw your own conclusions.
In a 3- to 4-page, double-spaced paper, describe three
conclusions you have drawn from the findings in this study,
taking into consideration the limitations of the study. Next
describe three implications for clinical practice
Level I Heading for your paper (see template): Follow the
grading rubric requirement for each section of the paper.
· Title of the paper
(Under this heading include the following: Introduces
information on the study: includes purpose of the study,
methods and findings, which is typically one to two brief
paragraphs.
· Conclusions form the Study
(3 conclusions) (It is best to write a separate paragraph for
each conclusion. Make sure to write a topical sentence that
clearly identifies the conclusions. This will help identify your
three required conclusions.
· Implications for Clinical Practice
This section should also be three short paragraphs that delineate
each implication. Support from the literature is
recommended. (Make sure that each three implications are
identified).
· Conclusion
(Summary of main points of the paper with a closing statement)
If you need clarification or assistance, post a question in the
Ask the Instructor or email private concerns. Good luck on the
week 6 assignment and much success moving forward through
the program.
43. Instructions for Assignment
For this Assignment, review the Research Methods and Findings
of th
e Verweij study conducted
in 2014 in this week’s resources. The primary purpose of this
quantitative research study was to
investigate the effectiveness of an intervention to decrease
medication errors in a hospital. The
citation and discussion/conclusion
information is intentionally deleted so you can draw your own
conclusions.
In a 3
-
to 4
-
page, double
-
spaced paper, describe three conclusions you have drawn from
the
findings in this study, taking into consideration the limitations
of the study. Next descr
ibe three
implications for clinical practice
Level
I
Heading
53. success
moving
forward
through
the
progr
am.
Instructions for Assignment
For this Assignment, review the Research Methods and Findings
of the Verweij study conducted
in 2014 in this week’s resources. The primary purpose of this
quantitative research study was to
investigate the effectiveness of an intervention to decrease
medication errors in a hospital. The
citation and discussion/conclusion information is intentionally
deleted so you can draw your own
conclusions.
In a 3- to 4-page, double-spaced paper, describe three
conclusions you have drawn from the
findings in this study, taking into consideration the limitations
of the study. Next describe three
implications for clinical practice
Level I Heading for your paper (see template): Follow the
grading rubric
requirement for each section of the paper.
(Under this heading include the following: Introduces
54. information on the
study: includes purpose of the study, methods and findings,
which is
typically one to two brief paragraphs.
(3 conclusions) (It is best to write a separate paragraph for
each
conclusion. Make sure to write a topical sentence that clearly
identifies the
conclusions. This will help identify your three required
conclusions.
This section should also be three short paragraphs that delineate
each
implication. Support from the literature is recommended. (Make
sure that
each three implications are identified).
(Summary of main points of the paper with a closing statement)
If you need clarification or assistance, post a question in the
Ask the Instructor or email
private concerns. Good luck on the week 6 assignment and
much success moving forward
through the program.
Post a short paragraph (150 words) on issues in China's
economy answering at least one of the questions.
China’s economy Ch 5
1. What's the point of China becoming the world's second-
largest economy?
2. What is the impact of China's rapid economic development?
Or what are the advantages and disadvantages?
3. What is that mean about Mixed Economy?
4. Do you agree with the focus of China's economic
55. development from agriculture to manufacturing? Why?
1. How has China’s economy changed 1949-present?
2. What is the structure of PR China’s economy?
3. What are some major agricultural issues in China?
4. What are some industrial issues in China?
5. What is the Belt and Road Initiative?
6. What are the economic forces at work in China?
7. How has the economic reform policy progressed in China?
Post
a
short
paragraph
(1
5
0
words)
on
issues
in
China's
economy
answering
at
least
one
of
the
questions.
China
’
s
economy
Ch
5