The document discusses three major philosophies in ancient China: Confucianism, Taoism, and legalism. It describes Confucius as a member of the shih class who founded a school of moral philosophy and wrote the book Chun Chin to teach virtue and an ideal life. It then discusses Mencius, a famous Confucian student who brought logical conclusions to Confucius' philosophy in his book The Mencius. Finally, it covers Taoism, noting that Lao-tzu's work focused on achieving virtue through natural means rather than education, in contrast to Confucian thought.