Children and Youth assets (social, human, and other forms of capital) can be decreased or increased by the interaction between the context they live in, the policies and programs they have access to, and the individual choices they -or their caretakers- make. The presentation then presents a model for integrating cross sector interventions to build a virtuous cycle of sustainable development for and with children and youth.
Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, 2016: Emerging market populations have never been younger and may never be larger.
Over one billion young people (aged between 10 and 24) live in Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, Turkey and smaller emerging markets. India has over 700 million and China more than 500 million people under 30. This offers huge potential to harness their energy and creativity by engaging them in productive activities.
Participants in the symposium on Young People and the Future of Emerging Markets concluded that governments’ failure to understand the mind sets of young people, master intergenerational communications and take measures to preserve the planet for future generations is extremely short sighted.
The Emerging Markets Symposium brought together over 50 international experts and graduate students from 20 emerging market and high income countries. Hosted by Green Templeton College on 7-10 January, the symposium was designed to ensure its conclusions were grounded in the insights and priorities of young people.
The document summarizes a program called Siyakha Nentsha in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa that aims to build capabilities among adolescents threatened by HIV/AIDS. It describes the socioeconomic challenges in the region like poverty, unemployment, early pregnancy and school leaving. Research found these factors associated with higher HIV risk behaviors. The program provides evidence-based, multi-session curriculum on HIV prevention, resource management, and future planning to empower participants. Preliminary feedback suggests it improves attitudes, knowledge, aspirations, and agency. The goal is to scale it up through the Department of Education.
Adolescent Reproductive Health_Cate Lane_5.6.14CORE Group
Three interventions are proven ineffective for improving adolescent sexual and reproductive health:
1. Youth centers do not effectively deliver sexual health services and have high costs per beneficiary.
2. Peer education alone shows limited effects on behaviors and health outcomes, with greatest impact on peer educators.
3. Child marriage legislation has limited impact, as rates decline for other reasons beyond legal reforms.
Two effective interventions are comprehensive sexuality education, which is most effective when curricula are developed through participatory processes and address knowledge, attitudes and skills. Adolescent friendly health services also increase utilization when providers are non-judgemental, facilities are appealing, and communities are engaged. A focus on positive youth development through skills, participation, relationships and
Addressing child health disparities: We made the case, we need a movement!renataschiavo
This document summarizes Renata Schiavo's 2015 presentation addressing child health disparities to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Community Health. The presentation overviewed child health disparities in areas like infant mortality, childhood obesity, and mental health. It discussed systemic barriers to child health equity like socioeconomic factors, culture, and place. Examples were provided of emerging trends to address children's health challenges and the need to mobilize action beyond identifying issues. The presentation concluded that while the case for addressing disparities has been made, an active movement is still needed to design and implement community-specific solutions through multisectoral partnerships and capacity building.
This document summarizes research on factors associated with adolescent motherhood in Kenya. The study analyzed data from Kenya's 2008/09 Demographic and Health Survey of 1,767 women aged 15-19, of whom 301 were already mothers. Bivariate analysis found adolescent motherhood was highest among girls with primary education, from rural areas, low wealth households, and who never used contraception. Logistic regression identified girl's education, residence, wealth, region, contraceptive use, and partner's education as significantly related to adolescent motherhood. The document discusses social, economic, cultural and health factors that contribute to early pregnancy in Kenya such as poverty, lack of education and employment opportunities, acceptance of child marriage, and limited access to sexual/
Understanding adolescent vulnerabilities in LMICs through an intersectional lens: launch of a new European Journal of Development Research Special Issue
Background and objectives
This event will showcase a new EJDR special issue that explores adolescent experiences across diverse LMICs, including conflict-affected contexts, drawing on unique mixed-methods data from the GAGE longitudinal study. It will highlight why an intersectional approach is critical to capture adolescents’ diverse and dynamic capabilities, and what the policy and programming implications are to ensure no adolescent is left behind.
- Teenage childbearing in South Africa remains high, with over 1 in 4 women experiencing a birth before age 20. Research from Cape Town and rural KwaZulu-Natal finds that teen mothers and their children experience adverse social and economic outcomes.
- Studies show teen mothers have lower educational attainment, with fewer years of schooling completed and higher dropout rates compared to women who delayed childbearing. Children of teen mothers also have poorer health and educational outcomes.
- While factors like low socioeconomic status contribute to these outcomes, the research finds teenage childbearing itself leads to lower human capital accumulation for mothers and risks to child health, suggesting policy interventions could help mitigate these effects.
This webcast was developed by the Office of
Adolescent Health (OAH) in May 2013 as a technical assistance product for use with OAH grant programs and presents global strategies for adolescent pregnancy prevention.
Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, 2016: Emerging market populations have never been younger and may never be larger.
Over one billion young people (aged between 10 and 24) live in Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, Turkey and smaller emerging markets. India has over 700 million and China more than 500 million people under 30. This offers huge potential to harness their energy and creativity by engaging them in productive activities.
Participants in the symposium on Young People and the Future of Emerging Markets concluded that governments’ failure to understand the mind sets of young people, master intergenerational communications and take measures to preserve the planet for future generations is extremely short sighted.
The Emerging Markets Symposium brought together over 50 international experts and graduate students from 20 emerging market and high income countries. Hosted by Green Templeton College on 7-10 January, the symposium was designed to ensure its conclusions were grounded in the insights and priorities of young people.
The document summarizes a program called Siyakha Nentsha in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa that aims to build capabilities among adolescents threatened by HIV/AIDS. It describes the socioeconomic challenges in the region like poverty, unemployment, early pregnancy and school leaving. Research found these factors associated with higher HIV risk behaviors. The program provides evidence-based, multi-session curriculum on HIV prevention, resource management, and future planning to empower participants. Preliminary feedback suggests it improves attitudes, knowledge, aspirations, and agency. The goal is to scale it up through the Department of Education.
Adolescent Reproductive Health_Cate Lane_5.6.14CORE Group
Three interventions are proven ineffective for improving adolescent sexual and reproductive health:
1. Youth centers do not effectively deliver sexual health services and have high costs per beneficiary.
2. Peer education alone shows limited effects on behaviors and health outcomes, with greatest impact on peer educators.
3. Child marriage legislation has limited impact, as rates decline for other reasons beyond legal reforms.
Two effective interventions are comprehensive sexuality education, which is most effective when curricula are developed through participatory processes and address knowledge, attitudes and skills. Adolescent friendly health services also increase utilization when providers are non-judgemental, facilities are appealing, and communities are engaged. A focus on positive youth development through skills, participation, relationships and
Addressing child health disparities: We made the case, we need a movement!renataschiavo
This document summarizes Renata Schiavo's 2015 presentation addressing child health disparities to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Community Health. The presentation overviewed child health disparities in areas like infant mortality, childhood obesity, and mental health. It discussed systemic barriers to child health equity like socioeconomic factors, culture, and place. Examples were provided of emerging trends to address children's health challenges and the need to mobilize action beyond identifying issues. The presentation concluded that while the case for addressing disparities has been made, an active movement is still needed to design and implement community-specific solutions through multisectoral partnerships and capacity building.
This document summarizes research on factors associated with adolescent motherhood in Kenya. The study analyzed data from Kenya's 2008/09 Demographic and Health Survey of 1,767 women aged 15-19, of whom 301 were already mothers. Bivariate analysis found adolescent motherhood was highest among girls with primary education, from rural areas, low wealth households, and who never used contraception. Logistic regression identified girl's education, residence, wealth, region, contraceptive use, and partner's education as significantly related to adolescent motherhood. The document discusses social, economic, cultural and health factors that contribute to early pregnancy in Kenya such as poverty, lack of education and employment opportunities, acceptance of child marriage, and limited access to sexual/
Understanding adolescent vulnerabilities in LMICs through an intersectional lens: launch of a new European Journal of Development Research Special Issue
Background and objectives
This event will showcase a new EJDR special issue that explores adolescent experiences across diverse LMICs, including conflict-affected contexts, drawing on unique mixed-methods data from the GAGE longitudinal study. It will highlight why an intersectional approach is critical to capture adolescents’ diverse and dynamic capabilities, and what the policy and programming implications are to ensure no adolescent is left behind.
- Teenage childbearing in South Africa remains high, with over 1 in 4 women experiencing a birth before age 20. Research from Cape Town and rural KwaZulu-Natal finds that teen mothers and their children experience adverse social and economic outcomes.
- Studies show teen mothers have lower educational attainment, with fewer years of schooling completed and higher dropout rates compared to women who delayed childbearing. Children of teen mothers also have poorer health and educational outcomes.
- While factors like low socioeconomic status contribute to these outcomes, the research finds teenage childbearing itself leads to lower human capital accumulation for mothers and risks to child health, suggesting policy interventions could help mitigate these effects.
This webcast was developed by the Office of
Adolescent Health (OAH) in May 2013 as a technical assistance product for use with OAH grant programs and presents global strategies for adolescent pregnancy prevention.
The document summarizes a presentation given in Pakistan about the challenges facing reproductive health programs. It discusses the poor conditions and high population growth in Pakistan. It then outlines the approach of the World Population Foundation, which focuses on adolescent reproductive health, education, and empowerment through advocacy, resource development and research. Barriers to progress are also discussed, as well as future plans to help achieve UN development goals through capacity building and evidence-based programs.
This document provides an overview and executive summary of the inaugural report from the World Family Map Project. The report maps trends in family structure, socioeconomics, processes, and culture across 45 countries. Key findings include: two-parent families remain most common globally but are declining; poverty rates and parental education vary widely by region; and family cultural views also differ significantly between areas. The report also features an essay finding that in high-income countries, children from two-parent homes have better educational outcomes, but family structure may not impact outcomes as much in low-income nations due to other challenges.
The Members of the WHO/UNFPA/UNICEF Study Group on Programming for Adolescent Health emphasized the crucial need for the three agencies to provide complementary support to countries, by working within a common technical framework, in order to strengthen and expand the activities in countries aimed at promoting adolescent health in a more systematic fashion. The Common Agenda for Action encourages the three UN agencies with principal interest and experience in the area of adolescent health, to support activities in countries in complementary ways. The Common Agenda is intended to reflect the policies of the three agencies and serve as a basis for discussion at country level in the determination of their support of country-level programming. It also provides specific suggestions for collaborative activities to advance programming for adolescents at different levels.
State of America’s Children Critical Inquiry Presentationmeganhatton
This document summarizes key issues facing America's children based on a presentation. It discusses declines in the child population and increases in children of color. It also outlines challenges related to child poverty, lack of healthcare, inadequate early education, unequal access to education based on race, high rates of abuse and neglect for children of color, and the effects of gun violence in impoverished areas. The presentation emphasizes that many children face barriers outside of school like hunger, homelessness, and lack of family support that negatively impact their education and future success.
ADOLESCENT’S AGENDA: GENERATION UNLIMITED MONDAY, OCTOBER 22ND, 2018 CONVENTION CENTER OF LIMA SAN BORJA 2-A HALL PRERNA BANATI, PhD MPH UNICEF OFFICE OF RESEARCH – INNOCENTI
Presentation by Florence Martin, Senior Coordinator at Better Care Network during the "Expert Consultation on Family and Parenting Support," Florence, Italy 26-27 May 2014.
The document discusses the plight of orphaned and vulnerable youth in Botswana due to HIV/AIDS. It notes that over 1 in 5 children in Botswana are orphans and many have lost parents to HIV/AIDS. These youth often must take on adult responsibilities like caring for siblings and working to support their families. While the UN and some organizations aim to help with services, more focus is needed on adolescents who have unique needs beyond just basic support. The Stepping Stones International initiative provides after school programs, education, and support to empower youth in Botswana.
A presentation by Dr Nicola Jones, Course in Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health, Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research, September 2020
Oct 23 CCYHC Symposium - David Morley - 2nd linkGlenna Gosewich
This document summarizes key findings from UNICEF Report Card 13 on inequality among children in wealthy nations. It focuses on Canada's performance.
The report ranks Canada 26th out of 35 countries on its Index of Child Inequality, showing Canada has wider gaps between children's well-being than many other rich nations. On measures of income inequality and educational achievement gaps, Canada ranks in the middle, but it ranks lower on health inequality. Over 1 in 4 Canadian children report poor health symptoms daily.
The document argues that reducing inequality, especially at the bottom, could improve outcomes for all children by bringing more children up to an adequate standard of well-being. Countries show it is possible to achieve both strong overall results
This document summarizes a presentation given to youth leaders on HIV risks and vulnerabilities. It discusses definitions of key terms, facts about HIV and AIDS, how HIV is transmitted, risks faced by out-of-school youth, impacts of HIV/AIDS, epidemiology of HIV in the Philippines, and examples of interventions youth can support like peer education and promoting condom use. The overall goal is to inform youth leaders so they can help prevent the spread of HIV in their communities.
1) Nationally around 20,000 foster youth age out of care each year, but only 1-2% complete a college degree due to various challenges.
2) Foster youth experience high mobility between homes and schools, leading to performance dips and lower academic achievement - only 50% graduate high school compared to 80% of all students.
3) African American and Native American youth are overrepresented in foster care, exacerbating existing challenges like high suspension rates - every 7 seconds an African American student is suspended.
Do Dreams Come True? Aspirations and educational attainments of Ethiopian boy...Young Lives Oxford
How do aspirations and expectations affect boys’ and girls’ educational attainment in Ethiopia?
This paper investigates the relationship between aspirations and children’s years of schooling, as an indicator of cumulative investments in education.
It explores gender differences in aspirations (at earlier ages) and later school attainment, taking into account non-educational expectations, parental gender-based preferences and how they vary in a context of extreme poverty.
165 miljoen kinderen zijn wereldwijd chronisch ondervoed. Dit zorgt niet alleen voor kind dat sterft als gevolg van ondervoeding, elke 15 seconden, het heeft ook als gevolg dat kinderen daar de rest van hun leven onder lijden. Het is een groot probleem maar er zijn ook grote kansen om dit probleem aan te pakken
Presentation by Emebet Mulugeta (Ph.D.), Associate Professor at Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, and Director at Nia Center for Children and Family Development, during the "Expert Consultation on Family and Parenting Support," Florence, Italy 26-27 May 2014.
1. PBH 3215 HEALTH PROBLEMS OF ADOLESCENTS,-1.pptxRajimusharaf
This document discusses health problems faced by adolescents, adults, and the handicapped. It begins by introducing the topics that will be covered, which are the health problems of adolescents, adults (elderly), and the handicapped. The objectives are then outlined, which are to acquaint students with understanding and managing health problems of these groups. Specifically for adolescents, the document covers definitions of adolescence, rationale for focusing on their health, developmental processes, resilience theory, priority health challenges in Nigeria, key health problems, and public health interventions and youth-friendly services.
Measuring What Matters for Child Well-being and Policies - Key messages in a ...StatsCommunications
Key messages from the OECD publication Measuring What Matters for Child Well-being and Policies, launched on 1st July 2021. More information at https://www.oecd.org/wise/measuring-what-matters-for-child-well-being-and-policies-e82fded1-en.htm
The document discusses concepts and dimensions of child well-being, including economic, social, health, and educational factors. It notes differences in child well-being within and across OECD countries, with children from disadvantaged backgrounds often having poorer outcomes. Longitudinal studies are important for understanding how early life circumstances influence later life chances and the potential for social mobility. The choice of indicators and joined-up policymaking across areas affecting children are key issues to consider.
adolescent and youth friendly healthservic.pptxNatiNati18
This document provides an introduction to adolescence and adolescent health. It discusses the meaning of adolescence, the main health problems adolescents face, what adolescents need to grow and develop in good health, who needs to contribute to meeting these needs, why we should invest in adolescent health, and frameworks for addressing adolescent health and development. Specifically, it notes adolescence is a time of rapid physical and psychological changes between childhood and adulthood. Key health issues include sexual and reproductive health problems, injuries, mental health issues, and substance use. Adolescents need information, skills development opportunities, supportive environments, and access to health services. A variety of sectors and groups should contribute to adolescent health. Investing in adolescents has demographic, public health,
The document summarizes a presentation given in Pakistan about the challenges facing reproductive health programs. It discusses the poor conditions and high population growth in Pakistan. It then outlines the approach of the World Population Foundation, which focuses on adolescent reproductive health, education, and empowerment through advocacy, resource development and research. Barriers to progress are also discussed, as well as future plans to help achieve UN development goals through capacity building and evidence-based programs.
This document provides an overview and executive summary of the inaugural report from the World Family Map Project. The report maps trends in family structure, socioeconomics, processes, and culture across 45 countries. Key findings include: two-parent families remain most common globally but are declining; poverty rates and parental education vary widely by region; and family cultural views also differ significantly between areas. The report also features an essay finding that in high-income countries, children from two-parent homes have better educational outcomes, but family structure may not impact outcomes as much in low-income nations due to other challenges.
The Members of the WHO/UNFPA/UNICEF Study Group on Programming for Adolescent Health emphasized the crucial need for the three agencies to provide complementary support to countries, by working within a common technical framework, in order to strengthen and expand the activities in countries aimed at promoting adolescent health in a more systematic fashion. The Common Agenda for Action encourages the three UN agencies with principal interest and experience in the area of adolescent health, to support activities in countries in complementary ways. The Common Agenda is intended to reflect the policies of the three agencies and serve as a basis for discussion at country level in the determination of their support of country-level programming. It also provides specific suggestions for collaborative activities to advance programming for adolescents at different levels.
State of America’s Children Critical Inquiry Presentationmeganhatton
This document summarizes key issues facing America's children based on a presentation. It discusses declines in the child population and increases in children of color. It also outlines challenges related to child poverty, lack of healthcare, inadequate early education, unequal access to education based on race, high rates of abuse and neglect for children of color, and the effects of gun violence in impoverished areas. The presentation emphasizes that many children face barriers outside of school like hunger, homelessness, and lack of family support that negatively impact their education and future success.
ADOLESCENT’S AGENDA: GENERATION UNLIMITED MONDAY, OCTOBER 22ND, 2018 CONVENTION CENTER OF LIMA SAN BORJA 2-A HALL PRERNA BANATI, PhD MPH UNICEF OFFICE OF RESEARCH – INNOCENTI
Presentation by Florence Martin, Senior Coordinator at Better Care Network during the "Expert Consultation on Family and Parenting Support," Florence, Italy 26-27 May 2014.
The document discusses the plight of orphaned and vulnerable youth in Botswana due to HIV/AIDS. It notes that over 1 in 5 children in Botswana are orphans and many have lost parents to HIV/AIDS. These youth often must take on adult responsibilities like caring for siblings and working to support their families. While the UN and some organizations aim to help with services, more focus is needed on adolescents who have unique needs beyond just basic support. The Stepping Stones International initiative provides after school programs, education, and support to empower youth in Botswana.
A presentation by Dr Nicola Jones, Course in Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health, Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research, September 2020
Oct 23 CCYHC Symposium - David Morley - 2nd linkGlenna Gosewich
This document summarizes key findings from UNICEF Report Card 13 on inequality among children in wealthy nations. It focuses on Canada's performance.
The report ranks Canada 26th out of 35 countries on its Index of Child Inequality, showing Canada has wider gaps between children's well-being than many other rich nations. On measures of income inequality and educational achievement gaps, Canada ranks in the middle, but it ranks lower on health inequality. Over 1 in 4 Canadian children report poor health symptoms daily.
The document argues that reducing inequality, especially at the bottom, could improve outcomes for all children by bringing more children up to an adequate standard of well-being. Countries show it is possible to achieve both strong overall results
This document summarizes a presentation given to youth leaders on HIV risks and vulnerabilities. It discusses definitions of key terms, facts about HIV and AIDS, how HIV is transmitted, risks faced by out-of-school youth, impacts of HIV/AIDS, epidemiology of HIV in the Philippines, and examples of interventions youth can support like peer education and promoting condom use. The overall goal is to inform youth leaders so they can help prevent the spread of HIV in their communities.
1) Nationally around 20,000 foster youth age out of care each year, but only 1-2% complete a college degree due to various challenges.
2) Foster youth experience high mobility between homes and schools, leading to performance dips and lower academic achievement - only 50% graduate high school compared to 80% of all students.
3) African American and Native American youth are overrepresented in foster care, exacerbating existing challenges like high suspension rates - every 7 seconds an African American student is suspended.
Do Dreams Come True? Aspirations and educational attainments of Ethiopian boy...Young Lives Oxford
How do aspirations and expectations affect boys’ and girls’ educational attainment in Ethiopia?
This paper investigates the relationship between aspirations and children’s years of schooling, as an indicator of cumulative investments in education.
It explores gender differences in aspirations (at earlier ages) and later school attainment, taking into account non-educational expectations, parental gender-based preferences and how they vary in a context of extreme poverty.
165 miljoen kinderen zijn wereldwijd chronisch ondervoed. Dit zorgt niet alleen voor kind dat sterft als gevolg van ondervoeding, elke 15 seconden, het heeft ook als gevolg dat kinderen daar de rest van hun leven onder lijden. Het is een groot probleem maar er zijn ook grote kansen om dit probleem aan te pakken
Presentation by Emebet Mulugeta (Ph.D.), Associate Professor at Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, and Director at Nia Center for Children and Family Development, during the "Expert Consultation on Family and Parenting Support," Florence, Italy 26-27 May 2014.
1. PBH 3215 HEALTH PROBLEMS OF ADOLESCENTS,-1.pptxRajimusharaf
This document discusses health problems faced by adolescents, adults, and the handicapped. It begins by introducing the topics that will be covered, which are the health problems of adolescents, adults (elderly), and the handicapped. The objectives are then outlined, which are to acquaint students with understanding and managing health problems of these groups. Specifically for adolescents, the document covers definitions of adolescence, rationale for focusing on their health, developmental processes, resilience theory, priority health challenges in Nigeria, key health problems, and public health interventions and youth-friendly services.
Measuring What Matters for Child Well-being and Policies - Key messages in a ...StatsCommunications
Key messages from the OECD publication Measuring What Matters for Child Well-being and Policies, launched on 1st July 2021. More information at https://www.oecd.org/wise/measuring-what-matters-for-child-well-being-and-policies-e82fded1-en.htm
The document discusses concepts and dimensions of child well-being, including economic, social, health, and educational factors. It notes differences in child well-being within and across OECD countries, with children from disadvantaged backgrounds often having poorer outcomes. Longitudinal studies are important for understanding how early life circumstances influence later life chances and the potential for social mobility. The choice of indicators and joined-up policymaking across areas affecting children are key issues to consider.
adolescent and youth friendly healthservic.pptxNatiNati18
This document provides an introduction to adolescence and adolescent health. It discusses the meaning of adolescence, the main health problems adolescents face, what adolescents need to grow and develop in good health, who needs to contribute to meeting these needs, why we should invest in adolescent health, and frameworks for addressing adolescent health and development. Specifically, it notes adolescence is a time of rapid physical and psychological changes between childhood and adulthood. Key health issues include sexual and reproductive health problems, injuries, mental health issues, and substance use. Adolescents need information, skills development opportunities, supportive environments, and access to health services. A variety of sectors and groups should contribute to adolescent health. Investing in adolescents has demographic, public health,
CHAPTER 1Overview of Early Care and Education and Program Admini.docxwalterl4
CHAPTER 1
Overview of Early Care and Education and Program Administration
NAEYC Administrator Competencies addressed in this chapter:
Management Knowledge and Skills
1. Personal and Professional Self-Awareness
The ability to be a reflective practitioner and apply a repertoire of techniques to improve the level of personal fulfillment and professional job satisfaction
3. Staff management and human relations
Knowledge of different supervisory and group facilitation styles
8. Leadership and Advocacy
Knowledge of organizational theory and leadership styles as they relate to early childhood work environments
Knowledge of the legislative process, social issues, and public policy affecting young children and their families
Early Childhood Knowledge and Skills
1. Historical and Philosophical Foundations
Knowledge of the historical roots and philosophical foundations of early childhood care and education
Knowledge of different types of early childhood programs, roles, funding, and regulatory structures
Knowledge of current trends and important influences impacting program quality
2. Child growth and development
Knowledge of current research in neuroscience and its application to the field of early childhood education
5. Children with special needs
Knowledge of licensing standards as well as state and federal laws (e.g., ADA, IDEA) as they relate to services and accommodations for children with special needs
The ability to work collaboratively as part of family-professional team in planning and implementing appropriate services for children with special needs
10. Professionalism
Ability to reflect on one’s professional growth and development and make goals for personal improvement
Learning Outcomes
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
Identify the unique characteristics of young children’s growth and development that make it particularly important that programs of early care and education are of high quality.
Describe the historical trends that have shaped early childhood policy and programming.
Identify the most common types of early childhood programs and the services that meet the needs of particular populations.
Describe the differences between structural and process quality in early care and education programs.
Identify the personal attributes and areas of competence of effective leaders.
Child care is a now a way of life for many of America’s young children, but this has not always been the case. In 1960, only about 10% of the 3- and 4-year-olds in the United States participated in a preschool (pre-K) program outside of their home. By 1970, twice as many 3- and 4-year-olds had enrolled in preschool, and by 1990 participation in preschool had doubled again to about 40% of all 3- and 4-year-olds. We know more mothers were working full time in 1990 than had been in 1960, but that is not the only explanation for the increased demand for early childhood education. Other factors, including the trend toward small.
CHAPTER 1Overview of Early Care and Education and Program Admini.docxketurahhazelhurst
CHAPTER 1
Overview of Early Care and Education and Program Administration
NAEYC Administrator Competencies addressed in this chapter:
Management Knowledge and Skills
1. Personal and Professional Self-Awareness
The ability to be a reflective practitioner and apply a repertoire of techniques to improve the level of personal fulfillment and professional job satisfaction
3. Staff management and human relations
Knowledge of different supervisory and group facilitation styles
8. Leadership and Advocacy
Knowledge of organizational theory and leadership styles as they relate to early childhood work environments
Knowledge of the legislative process, social issues, and public policy affecting young children and their families
Early Childhood Knowledge and Skills
1. Historical and Philosophical Foundations
Knowledge of the historical roots and philosophical foundations of early childhood care and education
Knowledge of different types of early childhood programs, roles, funding, and regulatory structures
Knowledge of current trends and important influences impacting program quality
2. Child growth and development
Knowledge of current research in neuroscience and its application to the field of early childhood education
5. Children with special needs
Knowledge of licensing standards as well as state and federal laws (e.g., ADA, IDEA) as they relate to services and accommodations for children with special needs
The ability to work collaboratively as part of family-professional team in planning and implementing appropriate services for children with special needs
10. Professionalism
Ability to reflect on one’s professional growth and development and make goals for personal improvement
Learning Outcomes
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
Identify the unique characteristics of young children’s growth and development that make it particularly important that programs of early care and education are of high quality.
Describe the historical trends that have shaped early childhood policy and programming.
Identify the most common types of early childhood programs and the services that meet the needs of particular populations.
Describe the differences between structural and process quality in early care and education programs.
Identify the personal attributes and areas of competence of effective leaders.
Child care is a now a way of life for many of America’s young children, but this has not always been the case. In 1960, only about 10% of the 3- and 4-year-olds in the United States participated in a preschool (pre-K) program outside of their home. By 1970, twice as many 3- and 4-year-olds had enrolled in preschool, and by 1990 participation in preschool had doubled again to about 40% of all 3- and 4-year-olds. We know more mothers were working full time in 1990 than had been in 1960, but that is not the only explanation for the increased demand for early childhood education. Other factors, including the trend toward small ...
Adolescent health an overview dr-choprabegraj SIWAL
Three adolescents - Reshma, Nina, and Chetan - faced health issues that highlighted failures in the system to meet their needs. Adolescence is a period of rapid development and transition between childhood and adulthood, and adolescents in India face diverse circumstances with different health needs. Key health problems among Indian adolescents include malnutrition, anemia, sexual and reproductive health issues, mental health problems, substance abuse, and violence. There is a need for comprehensive, youth-friendly programs and services to address the diverse needs of India's large adolescent population and promote healthy development.
The document provides an introduction to adolescence and adolescent health. It discusses that adolescence is a period of rapid physical and psychological growth between childhood and adulthood. Some key health issues adolescents face include sexual and reproductive health problems, injuries, mental health issues, and substance abuse. Adolescents need information, supportive environments, and health services to grow up healthy. Investing in adolescent health has demographic, public health, economic, and human rights rationales. Frameworks for addressing adolescent health include broadening opportunities, building capabilities, and offering second chances through education, life skills, and accessible services.
PDF Scanning environment for startegic intervention for youthMosharaf Hossain
The document discusses strategic interventions for youth in Jharkhand, India. It identifies the following key issues through discussions with youths: lack of higher education attainment, limited livelihood opportunities, poor sexual and reproductive health, and feelings of exclusion. These issues are interrelated and perpetuate intergenerational poverty. The document analyzes the issues thematically and outlines them under the categories of higher education, livelihood, health, and protection. It prioritizes the issues and presents a vision statement by youth in Palamu district to attain at least 12th grade education, job/trade training, sufficient income, health knowledge, and community participation.
Putting well being metrics into policy action, Dominic RichardsonStatsCommunications
Putting Well-being Metrics into Policy Action, 3-4 October 2019, Paris, France. More information at: http://www.oecd.org/statistics/putting-well-being-metrics-into-policy-action.htm
The Economic Case for Investments in Young Childrenguest96298e2b
1. The document discusses research showing that investments in early childhood education can provide high economic returns by improving educational and life outcomes, reducing social problems, and allowing parents to work.
2. Studies like the Perry Preschool program and Abecedarian program found that early childhood interventions led to increased education levels, higher earnings, and less criminal behavior, with estimated returns of $16 or $4 for every $1 invested.
3. Factors like adverse childhood experiences, limited vocabulary exposure, and lack of quality early education can negatively impact brain development and create barriers to social mobility, highlighting the importance of interventions for at-risk youth.
Reaching Adolescent Health And Developmentguestc958055
The document discusses adolescent health and development. It defines adolescence as the period between childhood and adulthood between 10-19 years. Adolescents face rapid physical growth and development. They have various health, psychological and social needs. Major health issues faced by adolescents in India include malnutrition, early marriage, teenage pregnancy, STIs, drug abuse, accidents and mental health problems. The document outlines various national programs and strategies to promote adolescent health like life skills training and youth friendly health services in schools and communities.
1) Adolescence is a period of unique biological, neurological, and psychological changes between puberty and adulthood. It represents three windows of opportunity: changing body and mind, catching up on vulnerabilities, and influencing later life outcomes.
2) Evidence shows interventions should be age-appropriate, gender-responsive, and address contextual risks like education, employment, family environment, and gender norms. Parenting programs can improve relationships and reduce risky behaviors.
3) Coherent policies are needed that coordinate minimum ages, focus on both risks and participation, and support marginalized youth. Gaps that allow children to leave school before work or marry too young need closing.
Early Childhood Development: Emerging Concepts II - The Place of the World Ba...jehill3
The document discusses the World Bank's role in supporting early childhood development (ECD). It notes that 219 million children in developing countries are not reaching their developmental potential due to poverty and lack of stimulation. Investing in ECD programs that integrate health, nutrition, care and stimulation is productive for children and society. The World Bank leads donor support for ECD, with a portfolio of $1.7 billion for ECD programs worldwide. It will continue to build investment in and promote innovative ECD initiatives.
Co-author.
This Framework responds to the demands of country leaders, partners, and
youth organizations worldwide, for the Bank to generate new ‘evidence-based’ knowledge for the benefit of children
and youth—especially in the areas of economic and social benefits, costs, and the impact of investment—and to shape
subsequent policy responses across the development spectrum. Through wide consultation at country, regional and
global levels, the Framework also reflects the broad priorities identified by young people from every continent.
The Framework reflects years of operational experience by the World Bank and its partners in helping improve the
lives of young people through the more traditional means of Education, Health, Social Protection, and overall poverty
reduction. This accumulated body of evidence allows us to know what works, and how best to scale up these interventions.
However, it also highlights our gaps in knowledge and resources, and where we need a more integrated and
cross-sectoral approach to develop policies and interventions that can make a difference in tackling the development
issues facing children and youth today that have, thus far, proven hardest to solve.
The document discusses the Adolescence Education Programme (AEP) implemented in India. It aims to provide adolescents with accurate knowledge about growing up, reproductive health, HIV/AIDS and substance abuse through curricular and co-curricular approaches. Key aspects include integrating content into school subjects, conducting interactive activities, and linking schools to adolescent health services. The objectives are to develop life skills and promote responsible behavior among adolescents. Stakeholders include education departments, health departments and organizations that implement the programme at national, state and school levels.
This document summarizes a research report on determinants of aspirations. Some key findings:
- Girls, higher SES groups, and most minority ethnic groups tend to have higher aspirations than counterparts. Aspirations decline with age and barriers.
- Aspirations are shaped by beliefs, opportunities, and environment from a young age. Financial constraints and early choices like parenthood limit opportunities.
- High aspirations generally lead to better outcomes, but not always, showing an aspiration-attainment gap for some groups.
- Supporting aspirations requires a holistic approach that considers intersections of identity and provides developmental support to overcome barriers.
"Epistemological and ideological clashes in research and policy around children and childhood" presented by Jo Boyden of Young Lives, University of Oxford at plenary session of ICYRN 2015 Conference, Cyprus
Similar to Children and youth in sustainable development (20)
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Versio
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
4. Why Children? Why Youth?
•Demographic urgency
•Economic efficiency
•Political imperative
•Crucial to achieve MDGs
The earlier the investment,
the longer the benefits
and, usually, the lower the
costs:
•Investing in children:
•Highest leverage point
for investments to build
human / social capital
•Investing in youth:
•Preserves benefits of
earlier investments in
children
•Counteracts lack of
earlier investments
•Has added value of
immediate
intergenerational effects
as youth become new
parents
Source: HDNCY 2005, The World Bank
02/21/2006
JF Sanchez - The World Bank
4
5. Concepts: Children and Youth Assets
Children & Youth Assets (forms of
capital)
•Human –
e.g. health, nutrition,
hygiene/sanitation, education/life skills
•Social –
e.g. household relations, networks,
peers, associations, NGOs/CBOs
•Financial –
e.g. income, employment,
access to credit/cash transfers programs
•Physical –
e.g. shelter/housing, built
environment/urban infrastructure, public space
•Natural –
risk-free areas
e.g. quality of air/water/land,
•Political –
e.g. participation/involvement in
national / local development/civic affairs;
enabling policies /legal/protection;
human/children rights
•Cultural –
e.g. socio-cultural norms and
values; dreams/aspirations
Source: J.F. Sanchez 2003, Plan International
02/21/2006
JF Sanchez - The World Bank
5
6. Concepts: Determinants of Children and Youth Assets
Children and Youth Assets
(forms of capital)
Enabling Policies,
Institutions and
programs
Context
•Income
•Age
•Policy
environment (e.g.
•Gender
•Ethnic
governance, livability,
competitiveness, land use,
zoning, legal/ judicial/ police)
•Urban / rural
settings (e.g. high population
•Implementation of Rights
of the Child (CRC)
density, slums / at risk areas,
distance, access)
•Supply side (e.g.
quantity/quality of programs,
location, structure, targeting,
service delivery, staffing,
budgets)
•Family/community
/peers
•Conflict
•Demand side (e.g.
•Shocks
cash incentives, interaction
among clients/ service
providers/ policy makers)
•Trends
Choices
(household / individual choices)
•Information
•Resources
Children and Youth assets might
decrease or increase as a result of the
interaction between the context,
policies / institutions / programs, and
choices
02/21/2006
•Managing risks
•Capabilities
•Seizing
opportunities
Source: J.F. Sanchez, 2005, HDNCY -The World Bank
JF Sanchez - The World Bank
6
7. Concepts: Children and Youth
Maternal/neo-natal
stage
Early childhood
0-5
years
Children
Growing up healthy
and
6-14 years
At-risk
Children and
Youth
Youth
Adolescents
15-18 years
Young adults
19-24 years
Source: HDNCY 2005, The World Bank
02/21/2006
JF Sanchez - The World Bank
7
8. Concepts: The Life Cycle Framework
CHILDREN AND YOUTH FACE DIFFERENT
VULNERABILITIES AT DIFFERENT AGES
The main stages in the lifecycle
Peri-natal period
Perinatal
Neonatal
period
Pregnancy
Birth
Death
Early
neonatal
period
Aging
7 days
Infancy
28 days
1 year
Adulthood
"Pre - school” years
Reproductive
period
Adolescence
5 years
20 years
10 years
Childhood
"School - age"
Source: HDNCY 2005, The World Bank
02/21/2006
JF Sanchez - The World Bank
8
9. Concepts: Identifying Risks and Opportunities
with a Life-Cycle Framework
Many of the
greatest
risks are
concentrated
in the
earliest
years and in
adolescence
Source: HDNCY 2005, The World Bank
02/21/2006
JF Sanchez - The World Bank
9
10. Concepts: Risks, Determinants, and Outcomes Are
Linked
Vertically Along the Life Cycle
Ages 0-5 (Early Child Care)
Ages 6-14 (School Years)
Ages 15-24 (Youth Years)
Survival; care and protection of new
born
Nutrition adequacy
Immunization
Cognitive stimulation
Readiness for school
Adjustment to formal school
Completion of primary school
Readiness for reading, counting, and social
interaction
Maintaining good health
Adjustment to adolescent years
Completion of higher education
Entering marriage age
Adjusting to reproductive roles and
behaviors
Readiness for job markets
Malnutrition
in
mothers
aggravates
risks
for
child
mortality and malnutrition. Child
malnutrition raises risks of child
mortality
and
school
performance in later years.
Poor health outcomes and lack of
pre-school affect school attendance
and
performance,
and
are
aggravated by illiterate parents,
especially mothers.
Poor school performance and
participation, and continuous poor
health outcomes further affect
reproductive health for women,
employability, and income-earning
opportunities later in life.
Source: HDNCY 2005 and MNA 2005, The World Bank
02/21/2006
JF Sanchez - The World Bank
10
11. Example of Missed Opportunities and Outcomes Along the Life Cycle
MISSED OPPORTUNITIES DURING EARLY YEARS (AGES 0-5)
Children who survive are at risk of poor health due to inadequate nutrition and poor health.
Children growing up in country *** and in particular in rural areas have few chances of preschool education.
Lack of prenatal care, early marriage and hence early pregnancy, and high rates of teenage
fertility have contributed to maternal mortality
CONSEQUENCES FOR SCHOOL YEARS (AGES 6-14)
Early school drop out (15.65%)
Poor school performance (51% completion rates)
Child labor prevalence (between 12-20%)
Idleness – no work, no study (37%)
Adapting to street life / falling in conflict with law (data not reliable – distorted estimates
suggest between 5-10%;)
Disability (prevalence rates to be verified)
Reduced chances of equal opportunity in the long run, especially for girls
MISSED OPPORTUNITIES IN SCHOOL YEARS (AGES 6-14)
•
•
•
•
•
Dropping from school in early years
Not reaching the school dropouts and disadvantaged (child labor, exploitation, idleness,
street life)
Insufficient attention to parents literacy and awareness
Lack of school health and nutrition
Juvenile justice
CONSEQUENCES FOR YOUTH YEARS (15-24)
•
•
•
•
Unemployment / Inactivity
Lack of Access and Retention in Secondary Education
Risky Behaviors (early pregnancy, HIV/AIDs, violence and crime, substance abuse
Lack of Participation in Development Policies and Process
Source: MNA 2005, The World Bank
02/21/2006
JF Sanchez - The World Bank
11
12. Policies, institutions, programs need to
manage opportunities and risks around 5
related transitions
Progressing
through
school
Policies and
Institutions
Staying
healthy
Going to
work
Exercising
citizenship
Growth and
Poverty
Reduction
Forming
families
Source: WDR 2007, The World Bank
02/21/2006
JF Sanchez - The World Bank
12
13. Policy Pillars
• Opportunities: Broaden options for young
people
• Agency: Enable capable and responsible
decision-making by them (or by care-givers in
the case of younger children)
• Second Chances: Mitigate the consequences
of poor decisions (made for and by the
young) and bad luck
Source: WDR 2007, The World Bank
02/21/2006
JF Sanchez - The World Bank
14
14. Social Risk Management Strategies
Source: World Bank HDNCY
2004
JF Sanchez --- childrenandyouth@worldbank.org
15. Children and Youth: Sustainable Development Cycle
Outcomes
(effects on C&Y wellbeing)
Changes in Children
and Youth Assets
(forms of capital)
Policy Pillars
•Opportunities
•Agency
•Second Chances
Context
(income, age,
gender, ethnic,
type of urban
setting,
community)
Natural
Enabling
policies,
institutions
and
programs
Risk Management
Strategies
•
Prevention
•
Mitigation
•
•Growing up
healthy
•Learning
•Working
•Forming
families
• Exercising
citizenship
Coping
•Survival
•Development
•Protection
Choices
•Participation
(household / individual)
(Outcomes as
per the
Convention on
the Rights of
the Child)
Source: J.F. Sanchez 2006, based on HDNCY 2005 and WDR2007, The World Bank
02/21/2006
JF Sanchez - The World Bank
16
16. Integrating Children & Youth Into
Cross Sector Programs
02/21/2006
JF Sanchez - The World Bank
17
17. Integrating Children and Youth (C&Y) into Cross
Sector Program Cycles
Dialogues/participation at all stages of
strategy/policy development and
implementation
e.g. including children and youth -and institutions that
affect them
Age-specific cross-sector
analyses
C & Y monitoring /
evaluation (M&E)
1- Identification and
mobilization of key
stakeholders
1.Identificaci
óny
mobilizacilos
ónde
actores
principales
e.g. age-specific indicators,
annual state of C&Y progress
report; participatory monitoring
/ social accountability
5 – Monitoring,
evaluation and learning
5.Monitoreo ón
, Evaluaci
yAprendizaje
Set-up adequate crosssector coordination
e.g. Children and Youth focal
point, coordination platforms,
mandates, capacity building
4 – Implementingde
4.Implementaci
ón los
action plans
planesacci
deón
e.g. poverty
analysis/mapping, vulnerability
assessments, public
expenditure reviews, social
assessments
2.Evaluaci la
ónde
situaci
ón
2- Assessing the
situation
3 Setting direction,:objectives
3.-Direccionamientonde
definici
ó
and
visi ,targets / preparing; formulaci
ón objetivos action ón
ymetas
plans
deestrategias
y planes den
acci
ó
Linking children and youth
outcomes with cross sector
program goals
e.g. growth, investments in
human development, etc.
Focusing budgets / sector actions on long-term
results for children and youth included in crosssector program
e.g. within poverty reduction mechanisms, MDG action
plans, sector programs
Source: J.F. Sanchez 2005
02/21/2006
JF Sanchez - The World Bank
18
18. Building Blocks for Integrated Children and
Youth Investments Along the Life Cycle
Age
25
Livelihoods
Life-long
learning
14
Secondary
+ tertiary
education
Primary
education
6
0
Safe,
healthy
habitat
Healthy
behaviors
Primary health,
care and
nutrition
ECD
Protection
Enabling policies, institutions and processes
Source: Lund, N. and Sanchez, J.F., 2004
JF Sanchez --- childrenandyouth@worldbank.org
19. Enabling policies, institutions and processes
• Policy Environment:
•
Economic growth, targeted development, policy, knowledge, expenditure
priorities
• Supply Side Bottlenecks:
•
Service delivery (public, private, NGO), human capacity, governance
• Demand Side Bottlenecks:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Tackling incentive problems to increase effective demand for needed
services, legal reform + protection (including application of Convention on
the Rights of the Child), removing barriers to access and participation
Linking C&Y priorities with long term development goals, including the MDGs goals
Integrated interventions along the life cycle, with emphasis on preventions and cotargeting
National children and youth assessments and strategies.
Improving client, service provider and public policy interface
National monitoring and evaluation systems
Partnerships and collaborations
Donor aid harmonization
Enabling policies, institutions and processes
Source: Lund, N. and Sanchez, J.F., 2004
JF Sanchez --- childrenandyouth@worldbank.org
20. Participation
• Inclusion, youth at the
development table
• Youth in civil society dialogues
• Youth voices and links to country /
local development
• PRSPs / CAS / national / urban
development planning
• Participation in preparation and
implementation of policy
instruments and reforms
• Youth-led initiatives and projects
• Monitoring of development results;
social audits
• Enhancing capacity of youth
organizations and their local and
global networks
Source: Lund, N. and Sanchez, J.F., 2004
JF Sanchez --- childrenandyouth@worldbank.org
21. Supportive families and communities
• Household level demand factors
• Social recognition of youth potential
• Youth-friendly cultural norms and
institutions concerning:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Entitlements
Inheritance
Property rights
Marriage institutions
Age
Gender
Ethnic
Religion
Elimination of stigma (HIV-AIDS, youth
gangs, etc.)
• Youth participation in community-driven
development
• Civil society engagement
JF Sanchez --- childrenandyouth@worldbank.org
Source: Lund, N. and Sanchez, J.F., 2004
22. Investing in the young -and
engaging them in development
processes- will lead to
healthier and safer
communities, enabling their
contribution to growth and
wellbeing!
Source: J.F. Sanchez 2006, HDNCY – The World Bank
02/21/2006
JF Sanchez - The World Bank
23
24. Building Blocks for Cross-sector Programs Along the Life Cycle:
Investing Early in Life…
Age
25
Livelihoods
and
employment
Life-long
learning
14
6
0
Secondary
+ tertiary
education
Primary
education
Safe,
healthy
habitat
Healthy
behaviors
Protection of
the most
vulnerable
(OVC)
Early
Childhood
Development
Child health
+ nutrition
Supportive families and communities
Source: HDNCY 2005, The World Bank
02/21/2006
JF Sanchez - The World Bank
25
25. Examples of Cross-sector Interdependencies to Achieve
Children Outcomes
Preventing child mortality depends on:
•Long-term improvements in environmental factors at the community / local levels (Land
Use Planning, Environment, Infrastructure, Disaster Prevention Sectors)
•Provision of safe water and sanitation (Water/Environment Sectors)
•Adequate shelter (Housing Sector)
•Mother’s education (Education Sector)
•Adequate income support to buy adequate food supply (Social Affairs/Social Protection
Sectors)
•Nutrition and facilitating access to health services (Health Sector)
Achieving “education for all” is a function of both supply and
demand side measures:
•Demand side measures
•conditional income support to families of out of school children (Conditional Cash Transfers
Programs)
•counseling and rehabilitation programs for children with special needs (NGO’s and Communitybased organizations)
•Supply side measures
•location of additional educational facilities (Land Use Planning, Zoning)
•skilled human resources and quality education content and systems (Education, Finance and/or
Planning Sectors)
Source: HDNCY 2005 and MNA 2005, The World Bank
02/21/2006
JF Sanchez - The World Bank
26
26. Example: Malnutrition
Mother’s Education
(feeding practices)
•Public Health:
breastfeeding / weaning
practices; mother’s
nutrition
•Education: Literacy for
mothers
Food Availability
(associated with poverty)
•Social Funds: cash
transfers
•Food/Agriculture:
prices; food
availability/imports;
household agricultural
initiatives
Health Environment
(water/sanitation)
•Water/Sanitation:
access to safe drinking
water; healthy habitat;
hygiene practices
•Planning: growth, land
use, zoning; peri-urban
areas improvement
•Transport: market
access; transportation;
storage; distribution
Source: HDNCY 2005 and MNA 2005, The World Bank
02/21/2006
JF Sanchez - The World Bank
27
28. Building Blocks for Cross-sector Programs Along the Life Cycle:
… Continue Investing in Youth
Age
25
Livelihoods
and
employment
14
6
0
Life-long
learning
Secondary
+ tertiary
education
Healthy
behaviors
Investing earlier in life
Supportive families and communities
Source: HDNCY 2005, The World Bank
02/21/2006
JF Sanchez - The World Bank
29
29. Example: Reaching School Drop-outs
Institutional
capacity building
•Social Funds:
institutional
capacity
building,
municipalities,
universities;
youth
organizations)
Mentoring
programs
•Education:
School
counseling &
mentoring
(volunteers,
university
students; youth
organizations)
Second Chances
•Education:
restoration to
education;
literacy;
vocational
direction
Participatory Ed.
Methodology
Cash / in-kind
incentives
•Education:
Specialized
teacher training;
class-based
reforms
•Social
Funds: food;
cash transfers
•Social welfare:
Integration into
family and
community
Source: HDNCY 2005 and MNA 2005, The World Bank
02/21/2006
JF Sanchez - The World Bank
30
30. An Example of Cross-sector Interdependencies:
Enhancing the Education – Employment Nexus
(transition to work)
Improving quantity and
quality of post-primary
education
•Education: financing
and expansion of
secondary / tertiary
education (public –
private – informal)
•Planning/transport:
Land use/supply;
infrastructure; location of
education facilities
•Education: Improving
curricula, teachers and
accountability of
secondary / tertiary
education
• Vocational Training:
linking VET to labor
market demands
Enhancing Choices
(information, capacity, resources)
•Labor / Education / Social
Affairs / Youth: information
dissemination of market-based
skill demands and learning
opportunities
•Social Affairs / youth /
Education: counseling /
mentoring / vocation orientation
•Vocational Training: marketbased training and programs
•Vocational Training:
enterprise-based training
•Social Funds: credit for youth
livelihood activities / enterprise
creation
Second Chances
•Social Funds /
Social Welfare:
incentives / credit /
student loans for
post-primary school
attendance
•Education:
equivalence programs
•Social Affairs /
Education / Youth /
NGOs: remediation /
youth literacy /skillsbased programs
•Social Affairs /
Youth: youth-led
income generation
projects
Source: HDNCY 2005 and MNA 2005, The World Bank
02/21/2006
JF Sanchez - The World Bank
31
31. Youth are not to be feared or
perceived just as a ‘problem’ or
an issue to be solved sometime in
the future.
The young are a dynamic
piece of the development
puzzle –a positive part of
the solution…today!
Source: J.F. Sanchez 2006, HDNCY – The World Bank
JF Sanchez --- childrenandyouth@worldbank.org
33. Annex 1: MDGs on Children & Youth
Outcomes are the measure
of success:
Within the 8 broad MDGs there
are specific indicators targeted
for children (0-14) and for youth
(15-24)
Progress on meeting these has
been the weakest, with most
countries likely to fail
If we do not scale up actions
rapidly and focus more intensively
on the next generation, these
outcomes will not be met.
MDG Indicators
Targeting Children and Youth
Children (0-14)
Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
(4)
Prevalence of underweight children (< 5 yrs)
Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education
(6)
Net enrollment ratio in primary education
(7a) % of pupils starting grade 1 who reach grade 5
(7b)* Primary completion rate
Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women
(9)
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education
Goal 4: Reduce child mortality
(13) Under -5 mortality rate
(14) Infant mortality rate
(15) Proportion of 1 yr-olds immunized against measles
Goal 5: Improve maternal health
(16) Maternal mortality ratio
(17) Proportion of births attended by skilled health
personnel
Youth (15-24)
Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education
(8) Literacy rates among 15-24
Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women
(9) Ratio of girls to boys in sec. & tertiary ed
(10) Ratio of literate females to males 15-24
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
(18)
HIV Prevalence among pregnant women (15-24)
(19*) % of pop. 15-24 with comprehensive correct
knowledge of HIV/AIDS
Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development
(45) Unemployment rate among 15-24
* Proposed as additional MDG indicators, but not yet adopted
Source: United Nations MDGs
Source: HDNCY, 2005, The World Bank
02/21/2006
JF Sanchez - The World Bank
34
34. Annex 2
Ages 0-5—MDGs and Risks
Relevant MDG Target
Relevant Risks
•
Reduce prevalence of under-weight
children from --% in -- to --% by --
•
Malnutrition: Stunting: --%;
Underweight: --%; Wasting: --%
•
Reduce the infant mortality rate to -and under-5 mortality to -- per 1,000
live births by 2015
•
Infant/Child Mortality Rate: IMR: -per 1,000 live births: CMR: --
•
Maternal Mortality and Morbidity:
MMR: -- per 100,000 live births
•
Childhood Illness: Incidence of
diarrhea (--%); Incidence of ARI (-%); Incidence of fever (--%)
•
•
Reduce maternal mortality and
morbidity rate to -- per 100,000 live
births by 2015 from about -- per
100,000
Increase routine measles vaccines to
at least --% combined with a second •
opportunity for a measles
vaccination
Lack of Early Child Care and
Education: ECD enrollment
Source: MNA, 2005, The World Bank
02/21/2006
JF Sanchez - The World Bank
35
35. Annex 3
Ages 6-14: MDGs, Risks and Programs
Relevant MDG Target
1.
2.
Relevant Risks
Raise the net enrolment rate
in primary education and
increase the 6th grade
completion rate to 100%
Eliminate the gender gap in
primary education by 2015
1.
2.
School dropouts
Out of school: --%
Dropout rate: --%
Primary school completion
rate: --%
Idle children: --%
Disadvantaged Children
Child laborers: --%
Street children: --% (5-9
years); --% (10-18 years)
Disabled children --%
Source: MNA, 2005, The World Bank
02/21/2006
JF Sanchez - The World Bank
36
36. Annex 4
Ages 15-24: MDGs and Risks
Relevant MDG Target
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Slow the increase in
spread of HIV/AIDs by
2005 and halve the rate
of increase by 2010
Reduce HIV prevalence
Increase literacy rates
Increase ratio of girls
to boys in secondary
and tertiary education.
Reduce unemployment
rate
Relevant Risks
Unemployment / Idleness
Unemployment rate: --%
Inactivity rate: teenage girls (15-19) = --%; teenage boys
(15-19) = --%; young adult females (20-24) = --%; young
adult males (20-24) = --%
Lack of Access and Retention in Secondary Education
Secondary school enrollment and completion rates: Gross
secondary enrolment rates = --% for boys, --% for girls
(2000/01); Gross tertiary enrolment rates = --% for young
men, --% for young women (2000/01); data on completion
rates
Literacy rate males: --%; females: --%
Risky Behaviors
Early pregnancy: % of early pregnancy (1999) = --%
(teenagers), --% (young adults): impacts maternal mortality
and morbidity and infant/child mortality
HIV/AIDS: Incidence --% of population aged 10-49
Violence and Crime
Substance Abuse
Lack of Participation in Development Policies and Process
Source: MNA, 2005, The World Bank
02/21/2006
JF Sanchez - The World Bank
37
37. Example: Risk Factors For Children and Youth in Urban Settings
Urban enclaves of poverty, high population densities, low levels of
infrastructure, and lack of leisure facilities/public space
Living in disaster-prone/high risk areas, exposure to contaminants
/pollutants
High percentage of young people in the settlement
Low levels of education
Disproportionate high levels of youth unemployment and/or youth
idleness
Weak or non-existent family and community support
Restricted avenues for youth participation and contribution
Limited or differentiated state presence, corrupt and/or violent
state apparatus
Relatively easy access to illicit activities and/or weapons
Source: J. F. Sanchez and A. Semlali, 2006 , HDNCY -The World Bank
02/21/2006
JF Sanchez - The World Bank
38
38. Example: Young People Affected by Violence
Risk factors
•
Poverty/inequality of wealth
•
Lack of economic options due
to low levels of education and
high unemployment
•
Violence from state forces or
armed groups
Society
•Access to money and consumer goods
A job/remunerated services, access to guns
as economic tool
Community
Social recognition: clear and strong identity,
status and power, more attractive to girls,
access to guns as a status symbol
Peer group
•Protection, revenge, belonging to a strong
group, access to guns for protection
Social marginalization of poor
or minority ethnic groups
prejudice/racism/low self
esteem
•
Responses made possible by joining an
armed group
•Group culture, parties, drugs, adrenaline
•
•
02/21/2006
Lack of leisure facilities,
nothing to do, unemployment
Family problems
Poverty
Family
Child/
Youth
•Friendship, surrogate family, belonging to a
mutually supportive group
Adapted from: Dowdney, L. 2005, Neither War nor Peace: International
Comparisons of Children and Youth in Organized Violence, COAV
JF Sanchez - The World Bank
39