This document summarizes a research paper that explores how service design thinking can be adapted to improve local festival planning. Through a literature review and content analysis, the paper identifies four shared requirements for successful service design and event management: 1) understanding target groups, 2) considering stakeholder relationships, 3) creating experiences, and 4) receiving feedback. The paper then analyzes cases from service design and local festival planning to identify sub-requirements and tools within each domain. Comparing the domains reveals opportunities for service design aspects, like deep understanding of target groups and building trust with stakeholders, to be implemented in local festival planning guidelines.
[Serv des2018] different journeys towards embedding design in local governmen...Inbo Kang
This document discusses three local councils in England that have taken different approaches to embedding design in their organizations. It aims to identify why the councils tried to embed design, what factors influenced their different journeys, and what challenges they faced. The councils implemented design to varying degrees from discrete projects to building broader design capabilities. Challenges included developing design skills among staff and changing organizational culture to support collaborative ways of working.
Event Stakeholder Management: Festival and ConventionYusskei
This essay examines stakeholder management for festivals and conventions. Stakeholder theory has developed since the 1960s in business management and then applied to event management. The essay reviews stakeholder management concepts and examines cases of a Greek festival in Sydney and multiple festivals in Canada and Sweden. For the Greek festival, key stakeholders like the Greek and Australian governments helped promote cultural content and visibility. Community support also aided resources. The multiple festival case identified stakeholder roles like organizers, co-producers, suppliers and audiences and examined relationships between festivals and stakeholders like cities and sponsors. Effective stakeholder identification, classification and communication are important for event success.
Local economic development strategy preparation and implementation modalitiesAlexander Decker
This document summarizes the process of developing a Local Economic Development (LED) strategy in Kigoma Ujiji Municipal Council, Tanzania. A series of stakeholder workshops were held to gather input on the local economy, identify priority sectors, and develop a vision, goals, and projects. Key sectors included agriculture, fishing, and small businesses. Challenges like lack of infrastructure and skills were also discussed. An LED coordination team was formed to oversee strategy implementation. The strategy aims to create an enabling environment for business and partnerships between public, private, and nonprofit organizations to improve livelihoods through sustainable economic growth.
How can we enable human-centered service innovation? A service design perspective (Story 1)
Cecilia Lee
https://www.linkedin.com/in/cecilialeegeneva/
Utpal Mangla
https://www.linkedin.com/in/utpal-mangla-b748541/
The document discusses a city-to-city cooperation between Surabaya, Indonesia and Kitakyushu, Japan to address their shared waste management problems. Both cities previously faced severe pollution issues due to rapid industrialization that degraded the environment. Through the CITYNET framework and with support from JICA, Surabaya and Kitakyushu established a partnership to share knowledge and expertise on improving waste management systems. The cooperation helped Surabaya transition to a more sustainable community-based waste governance system based on Kitakyushu's experience overcoming similar issues in the past.
The Political Settlement of Local Economic Development in Ghana’s Local Gover...AJSSMTJournal
Both the 1992 Republican Constitution and the Local Governance Act, 2016 (Act 936) have
conferred political, administrative, social, economic and developmental authorities and functions on the
Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies. However, the assemblies have exercised all other authorities
to the neglect of their economic and developmental functions. In view of this, they still rely on central
government for development hence the concept local economic development emerged for assemblies to use
their local resources to champion the development of their localities. Deploying both primary and secondary
sources of data, this paper examined the extent of political settlement in the implementation of local
economic development (LED) in Ghana. The study found that the nature of the LED programme, the strategic
nature of the MMDAs, the activism of the actors, the benefits to be derived by the actors, the political party in
power and the need to test new development paradigms shaped the behaviour of actors in the LED
implementation process. The desire of each actor to project its interest above the others culminated into “turf
war” among them in the implementation process. The study recommends that the development of localities
should supersede the interest of actors, locality leadership should be proactive and aggressive in wooing
investors, and incentives should be provided for investors who invest in the hinterlands. Key lessons learnt
were: leadership was significant in LED, collaboration among actors is important for the success of LED.
Scenario Planning Approach and OverviewMarti Donley
This document provides an overview of a regional scenario planning study being conducted for a study area region. The study will explore different growth scenarios for the region through 2040 to establish a shared vision and policies. Key activities will include analyzing existing conditions, assessing local community plans, developing alternative growth scenarios, evaluating the scenarios, and providing recommendations and resources to local governments. The process will engage stakeholders and use scenario planning software to compare scenarios and their impacts.
This document provides an overview of a regional scenario planning study being conducted for a study area region. The study will explore different growth scenarios for the region through 2040 to establish a shared vision and policies. Key activities will include analyzing existing conditions, assessing local community plans, developing alternative growth scenarios, evaluating the scenarios, and providing recommendations and resources to local governments. The process will engage stakeholders and use scenario planning software to compare scenarios and their impacts.
[Serv des2018] different journeys towards embedding design in local governmen...Inbo Kang
This document discusses three local councils in England that have taken different approaches to embedding design in their organizations. It aims to identify why the councils tried to embed design, what factors influenced their different journeys, and what challenges they faced. The councils implemented design to varying degrees from discrete projects to building broader design capabilities. Challenges included developing design skills among staff and changing organizational culture to support collaborative ways of working.
Event Stakeholder Management: Festival and ConventionYusskei
This essay examines stakeholder management for festivals and conventions. Stakeholder theory has developed since the 1960s in business management and then applied to event management. The essay reviews stakeholder management concepts and examines cases of a Greek festival in Sydney and multiple festivals in Canada and Sweden. For the Greek festival, key stakeholders like the Greek and Australian governments helped promote cultural content and visibility. Community support also aided resources. The multiple festival case identified stakeholder roles like organizers, co-producers, suppliers and audiences and examined relationships between festivals and stakeholders like cities and sponsors. Effective stakeholder identification, classification and communication are important for event success.
Local economic development strategy preparation and implementation modalitiesAlexander Decker
This document summarizes the process of developing a Local Economic Development (LED) strategy in Kigoma Ujiji Municipal Council, Tanzania. A series of stakeholder workshops were held to gather input on the local economy, identify priority sectors, and develop a vision, goals, and projects. Key sectors included agriculture, fishing, and small businesses. Challenges like lack of infrastructure and skills were also discussed. An LED coordination team was formed to oversee strategy implementation. The strategy aims to create an enabling environment for business and partnerships between public, private, and nonprofit organizations to improve livelihoods through sustainable economic growth.
How can we enable human-centered service innovation? A service design perspective (Story 1)
Cecilia Lee
https://www.linkedin.com/in/cecilialeegeneva/
Utpal Mangla
https://www.linkedin.com/in/utpal-mangla-b748541/
The document discusses a city-to-city cooperation between Surabaya, Indonesia and Kitakyushu, Japan to address their shared waste management problems. Both cities previously faced severe pollution issues due to rapid industrialization that degraded the environment. Through the CITYNET framework and with support from JICA, Surabaya and Kitakyushu established a partnership to share knowledge and expertise on improving waste management systems. The cooperation helped Surabaya transition to a more sustainable community-based waste governance system based on Kitakyushu's experience overcoming similar issues in the past.
The Political Settlement of Local Economic Development in Ghana’s Local Gover...AJSSMTJournal
Both the 1992 Republican Constitution and the Local Governance Act, 2016 (Act 936) have
conferred political, administrative, social, economic and developmental authorities and functions on the
Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies. However, the assemblies have exercised all other authorities
to the neglect of their economic and developmental functions. In view of this, they still rely on central
government for development hence the concept local economic development emerged for assemblies to use
their local resources to champion the development of their localities. Deploying both primary and secondary
sources of data, this paper examined the extent of political settlement in the implementation of local
economic development (LED) in Ghana. The study found that the nature of the LED programme, the strategic
nature of the MMDAs, the activism of the actors, the benefits to be derived by the actors, the political party in
power and the need to test new development paradigms shaped the behaviour of actors in the LED
implementation process. The desire of each actor to project its interest above the others culminated into “turf
war” among them in the implementation process. The study recommends that the development of localities
should supersede the interest of actors, locality leadership should be proactive and aggressive in wooing
investors, and incentives should be provided for investors who invest in the hinterlands. Key lessons learnt
were: leadership was significant in LED, collaboration among actors is important for the success of LED.
Scenario Planning Approach and OverviewMarti Donley
This document provides an overview of a regional scenario planning study being conducted for a study area region. The study will explore different growth scenarios for the region through 2040 to establish a shared vision and policies. Key activities will include analyzing existing conditions, assessing local community plans, developing alternative growth scenarios, evaluating the scenarios, and providing recommendations and resources to local governments. The process will engage stakeholders and use scenario planning software to compare scenarios and their impacts.
This document provides an overview of a regional scenario planning study being conducted for a study area region. The study will explore different growth scenarios for the region through 2040 to establish a shared vision and policies. Key activities will include analyzing existing conditions, assessing local community plans, developing alternative growth scenarios, evaluating the scenarios, and providing recommendations and resources to local governments. The process will engage stakeholders and use scenario planning software to compare scenarios and their impacts.
A Study On Event Management Services And Audience Perception Towards Entertai...Becky Goins
This document summarizes a research paper that studied audience perception of event management services in Chennai, India. The study had the following key objectives: 1) Evaluate audience satisfaction with various aspects of event services, 2) Identify popular services and factors influencing perception, and 3) Examine audience attitudes toward integrated event management. Data was collected through surveys in Chennai and analyzed using reliability tests, chi-square analysis, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and ANOVA. The analyses found significant associations between audience ratings and firm size, differences in satisfaction based on organization type, and differences in perceptual factors based on firm size. In conclusion, the study provided insights into audience views of the event management industry in Chennai.
Designing a Digital Service Concept for a Professional Business ServiceSofia Nyyssönen
Professional and knowledge-intensive service organizations are concepts that are sometimes used interchangeably. Both concepts refer to expert services that rely on a substantial body of complex knowledge, which is often seen to be characteristics of highly skilled employees. The project investigates the potential of service design to design a digital service concept for professional services that retains knowledge and applies insights that could noticeably improve the effectiveness of or-ganizations. The focus is on the customer’s value creating processes, where value emerges for customers and is perceived by them. Service design is a process that implies work on projects to integrate new service systems into organisations.
This document provides a review of Carlisle City Council's Community Support Unit (CSU). It finds that the CSU provides valuable support that enables the council and partners to deliver on objectives like Carlisle Renaissance. The review examines the CSU's work areas and budgets, and finds it contributes directly and indirectly to key priorities. It recommends the council and partners on the Local Strategic Partnership consider pooling community development resources to create a shared service. A matrix management approach could better integrate community development across the council and with partners. The review also identifies areas for improved performance management and opportunities to future-proof the council's approach.
Global Citizen wants to contribute to the European Capital of Culture (ECOC) 2017 event in Aarhus, Denmark but is uncertain of how best to do so. The document outlines a plan to: 1) Identify Global Citizen's core competencies through analyses to understand how it can provide value. 2) Engage in cooperation with the Aarhus Sustainability Network by establishing expectations, sharing knowledge, and developing mutual understanding to create further sustainability knowledge and inform the public. The goal is to find the best way for Global Citizen to contribute to ECOC 2017 by leveraging its strengths and collaborating with local partners.
The document provides definitions and categorizations of events from various academic and practitioner perspectives. It defines events as temporary occurrences with a finite length that blend management, time, staff, attendees, and venue. Events are categorized as leisure, organizational, personal, or cultural. Major events attract significant visitors, media, and economic benefits, while hallmark and mega-events become synonymous with a place and yield high tourism, media coverage, and economic impact. The handbook seeks to update event planners and organizers by providing chapters on event planning models, strategies, marketing, logistics, financing, health and safety, and monitoring and evaluation.
This document provides an overview of advancements in city design. It discusses how city design has evolved over time from organically growing cities to more planned cities with modern technology and aesthetics prioritized. The document outlines the table of contents and abstract of an independent study on advancements in city design. It covers the background and history of city development, highlights elements of good urban design like transportation and facilities, and discusses how modern cities are pursuing optimized land use and architectural aesthetics to improve livability. The research aims to analyze disparities in city designs and define standards for infrastructure and aesthetics to promote urban prosperity.
This document summarizes a master's thesis that designed a digital service concept for a professional business service organization called Työeläkelakipalvelu. The thesis aimed to address organizational challenges, facilitate knowledge sharing, and improve customer experience. It used service design methods like stakeholder mapping, SWOT analysis, user journey mapping and prototyping. Interviews and focus groups provided empirical data. The resulting service concept created value for both customers and the service provider by serving as a platform for exchanging information and contacts related to earnings-related pensions.
This document outlines a master's thesis that designed a digital service concept for a professional business service organization called Työeläkelakipalvelu. The thesis sought to address organizational challenges, facilitate knowledge sharing, and improve customer experience through a service design approach. Empirical data was collected through expert interviews and focus groups to understand stakeholders and users. Various service design tools and processes were used to generate concepts, including stakeholder mapping, affinity diagrams, SWOT analysis, feature trees, prototyping, and use cases. The resulting service concept aims to create value for both the service provider and users by serving as a platform to enable exchanges between staff and customers in the field of earnings-related pensions.
Enhancing sustainability of cbet through the building of capabilities (sam ol...Rith Sam Ol
This paper examines community-based ecotourism (CBET) as an integrated conservation and community development approach in Cambodian protected areas, and determines how it contributes to sustainability. Rationalities for using CBET as a sustainability tool are well-discussed, while challenges to its implementation are well-elaborated. Review of CBET development experiences in Cambodia and other countries has provided better understanding of factors causing success or failure of CBET projects. Therefore, a “community capabilities” concept is constructed while its integral components for enhancing sustainability in CBET community are explicated. This paper presents empirical analysis of this concept in the best practice CBET site in Cambodia.
This doctoral dissertation examines how service design can contribute to more resilient and democratic economic models during times of socio-economic crisis. The research was motivated by seeing skilled young professionals affected by the 2008 crisis unable to use their skills. The theoretical framework combines economics, sociology, and design. Through participatory action research including interviews and co-design sessions, a collaborative service model called "Credita Social Currency" was developed to facilitate skills-sharing and collaboration. The results demonstrate how service design can help create alternative economic systems to support people during crises.
The Implementation of District and Rural Fiscal Balance through Village Alloc...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF) discourages theoretical articles that are limited to axiomatics or that discuss minor variations of familiar models. Similarly, IOSR-JEF has little interest in empirical papers that do not explain the model's theoretical foundations or that exhausts themselves in applying a new or established technique (such as cointegration) to another data set without providing very good reasons why this research is important.
This document provides a summary report of an urban foresight project conducted in Rustavi, Georgia from 2017-2020. The project aimed to use participatory urban foresight methods to help the municipality of Rustavi strengthen public sector innovation and citizen engagement in urban development planning.
The report describes the process used, which began with intuitive logic foresight workshops to develop four scenarios for Rustavi's future in 2050. This was followed by public consultations to modify the scenarios based on citizen feedback and identify partners. The final phase involved ongoing horizon scanning by municipal staff and partners.
The goal of the project was to help Rustavi transition to more decentralized, participatory forms of governance through experimental models of government
Day 3 mapping, resource, community & stakeholdersZohaib Amjad
Mapping involves identifying community assets and resources to support organizational goals. It requires collaborating to collect and analyze data on assets, stakeholders, and resources. This helps identify strengths and gaps to develop strategies, build partnerships, and empower communities. Regular communication during the mapping process is important to design and implement effective action plans.
Now it is time to make the theoretical more applied. For this proj.docxcherishwinsland
Now it is time to make the theoretical more applied. For this project, you may choose to work alone or collaborate with up to 2 peers.
Surf the employment pages of 3 different corporate websites. Try to choose different industries and/or different sized organizations for comparison. Analyze the major features, strengths, and weaknesses of the recruiting messages you view throughout each site, from the employment splashdown page to specific position postings.
Prepare a brief narrative report that summarizes, compares, and contrasts your findings.
· Does each organization rely on a particular style of recruiting message? If so, which one(s) and why?
· How well do these sites support the trends and strategies presented in this module's readings?
· Suppose you were an outside consultant brought in to overhaul recruiting at these organizations. What recommendations will you make to revise or change the site or the message presented? Why?
·
Expect to take about 4-pages (double-spaced, 12 point font) to complete this assignment. Your work will be graded on content, clarity, creativity, correctness, and, above all, critical thinking per the HRA Written Assignment Rubric.
MEASUREMENT OF CITY PROSPERITY
Methodology and Metadata
Economic Growth Sub Index
Institutional C
ap
acity Sub
Index
Health Sub Index
H
ousing Infrastructure Sub
Index
Economic Agglomeration
A
ccountab
ility and Transp
arency Sub
Index
Education Sub Index
Social Infrastructure
IC
T Sub
Index
Employment Sub Index
Particip
ation Sub
Index
G
ender Inclusion Sub
Index
Social Inclusion Sub
Index
Econom
ic Equity Sub
Index
Safety and Security Sub Index
Natural Resources Management Sub Index
Waste Management Sub Index
Air Quality Sub Index
Pr
od
uc
tiv
ity
In
de
x
Eq
ui
ty
a
nd
S
oc
ia
l I
nc
lu
sio
n
In
de
x
Q
uality of Life Index
Urban Governance and Legislation Index
Infrastructure Development IndexEnvironmental Sustainability Index CPI
City Prosperity Index Methodology and Metadata
1
DATA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Cities have emerged as the focus for change and the venue where policies are realized. They have been able to forge new linkages
among actors and offer innovative solutions, with the potential to be part of national agendas, and to influence regional and global
development. 1 Cities have been catalysts of productivity, technology and infrastructure development, including institutional
arrangements that contribute to the enhancement of equity, social inclusion and quality of life.
The outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, entitled “The future we want”, recognizes
that if well planned and developed, cities can promote economically, socially and environmentally sustainable societies.2
However, poor planning, the absence of effective governance and legal frameworks, fragile institutions, low capacity of local
authorities, and the lack of a sound monitorin.
Highland Park IL Strategic Plan DocumentationTracy Quintana
The strategic plan outlines the public works department's goals and objectives over the next 5-10 years. It establishes levels of service, long-term and short-term goals, and plans to monitor progress towards goals. The plan focuses on infrastructure investment, operational efficiency, personnel succession planning, and maintaining community vibrancy.
Interior in Korea since 2014 (so 4 years now). Every year quite a number of projects all over the country are selected (=funded) and carried out under this grand-project; for instance, in this year 50 selected projects are on-going now. As for me, I was one of the service designers of the selected projects in 2015. This year I work as an advisory committee member for the whole project.
Taufiq dan Kombaitan - 2019 - Urban Area Entities in Affecting Regional Devel...EmTaufiq1
This document discusses urban area entities and their role in affecting regional development, using the Mebidangro urban area in Indonesia as a case study. It finds that Mebidangro influences regional development through four main entities: 1) Reducing income disparity, 2) Being a central location for production and services, 3) Facilitating urbanization and labor/knowledge mobility, and 4) Enabling regional and international cooperation. While cities were once seen as hierarchical, the globalization of industries and innovation has led to more open and networked urban cooperation beyond administrative boundaries.
This short document summarises the main findings from the internal formative evaluation of the practice of co-design within the Smart Cities project. It forms as starting point for a workshop held on 27 April 2011, and contains examples of the different approaches to co-design that have been taken by the project partners.
This document provides an overview of event planning models and definitions. It discusses various categorizations and definitions of events, including special events, major events, hallmark events, and mega-events. Key aspects included are that events are temporary occurrences with a finite length, and involve the blending of duration, setting, management, and attendees. Events are also categorized as leisure, organizational, personal, or cultural. The document provides examples and discusses models for conceptualizing different event types.
Here is a brief summary of the key points regarding coordinated review and shaping land use:
- Coordinated review is a process that brings together various government agencies and stakeholders to review major development proposals and their potential impacts.
- The goal is to ensure land use decisions consider all relevant factors like transportation, infrastructure, environment, community needs, etc. rather than having each reviewed separately.
- It aims to shape land use and development in a comprehensive manner by facilitating inter-agency coordination and public input early in the planning process.
- By reviewing projects collaboratively, inconsistencies can be identified and addressed up front, reducing potential conflicts down the road.
- Communities benefit from more integrated planning that balances economic growth with
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
A Study On Event Management Services And Audience Perception Towards Entertai...Becky Goins
This document summarizes a research paper that studied audience perception of event management services in Chennai, India. The study had the following key objectives: 1) Evaluate audience satisfaction with various aspects of event services, 2) Identify popular services and factors influencing perception, and 3) Examine audience attitudes toward integrated event management. Data was collected through surveys in Chennai and analyzed using reliability tests, chi-square analysis, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and ANOVA. The analyses found significant associations between audience ratings and firm size, differences in satisfaction based on organization type, and differences in perceptual factors based on firm size. In conclusion, the study provided insights into audience views of the event management industry in Chennai.
Designing a Digital Service Concept for a Professional Business ServiceSofia Nyyssönen
Professional and knowledge-intensive service organizations are concepts that are sometimes used interchangeably. Both concepts refer to expert services that rely on a substantial body of complex knowledge, which is often seen to be characteristics of highly skilled employees. The project investigates the potential of service design to design a digital service concept for professional services that retains knowledge and applies insights that could noticeably improve the effectiveness of or-ganizations. The focus is on the customer’s value creating processes, where value emerges for customers and is perceived by them. Service design is a process that implies work on projects to integrate new service systems into organisations.
This document provides a review of Carlisle City Council's Community Support Unit (CSU). It finds that the CSU provides valuable support that enables the council and partners to deliver on objectives like Carlisle Renaissance. The review examines the CSU's work areas and budgets, and finds it contributes directly and indirectly to key priorities. It recommends the council and partners on the Local Strategic Partnership consider pooling community development resources to create a shared service. A matrix management approach could better integrate community development across the council and with partners. The review also identifies areas for improved performance management and opportunities to future-proof the council's approach.
Global Citizen wants to contribute to the European Capital of Culture (ECOC) 2017 event in Aarhus, Denmark but is uncertain of how best to do so. The document outlines a plan to: 1) Identify Global Citizen's core competencies through analyses to understand how it can provide value. 2) Engage in cooperation with the Aarhus Sustainability Network by establishing expectations, sharing knowledge, and developing mutual understanding to create further sustainability knowledge and inform the public. The goal is to find the best way for Global Citizen to contribute to ECOC 2017 by leveraging its strengths and collaborating with local partners.
The document provides definitions and categorizations of events from various academic and practitioner perspectives. It defines events as temporary occurrences with a finite length that blend management, time, staff, attendees, and venue. Events are categorized as leisure, organizational, personal, or cultural. Major events attract significant visitors, media, and economic benefits, while hallmark and mega-events become synonymous with a place and yield high tourism, media coverage, and economic impact. The handbook seeks to update event planners and organizers by providing chapters on event planning models, strategies, marketing, logistics, financing, health and safety, and monitoring and evaluation.
This document provides an overview of advancements in city design. It discusses how city design has evolved over time from organically growing cities to more planned cities with modern technology and aesthetics prioritized. The document outlines the table of contents and abstract of an independent study on advancements in city design. It covers the background and history of city development, highlights elements of good urban design like transportation and facilities, and discusses how modern cities are pursuing optimized land use and architectural aesthetics to improve livability. The research aims to analyze disparities in city designs and define standards for infrastructure and aesthetics to promote urban prosperity.
This document summarizes a master's thesis that designed a digital service concept for a professional business service organization called Työeläkelakipalvelu. The thesis aimed to address organizational challenges, facilitate knowledge sharing, and improve customer experience. It used service design methods like stakeholder mapping, SWOT analysis, user journey mapping and prototyping. Interviews and focus groups provided empirical data. The resulting service concept created value for both customers and the service provider by serving as a platform for exchanging information and contacts related to earnings-related pensions.
This document outlines a master's thesis that designed a digital service concept for a professional business service organization called Työeläkelakipalvelu. The thesis sought to address organizational challenges, facilitate knowledge sharing, and improve customer experience through a service design approach. Empirical data was collected through expert interviews and focus groups to understand stakeholders and users. Various service design tools and processes were used to generate concepts, including stakeholder mapping, affinity diagrams, SWOT analysis, feature trees, prototyping, and use cases. The resulting service concept aims to create value for both the service provider and users by serving as a platform to enable exchanges between staff and customers in the field of earnings-related pensions.
Enhancing sustainability of cbet through the building of capabilities (sam ol...Rith Sam Ol
This paper examines community-based ecotourism (CBET) as an integrated conservation and community development approach in Cambodian protected areas, and determines how it contributes to sustainability. Rationalities for using CBET as a sustainability tool are well-discussed, while challenges to its implementation are well-elaborated. Review of CBET development experiences in Cambodia and other countries has provided better understanding of factors causing success or failure of CBET projects. Therefore, a “community capabilities” concept is constructed while its integral components for enhancing sustainability in CBET community are explicated. This paper presents empirical analysis of this concept in the best practice CBET site in Cambodia.
This doctoral dissertation examines how service design can contribute to more resilient and democratic economic models during times of socio-economic crisis. The research was motivated by seeing skilled young professionals affected by the 2008 crisis unable to use their skills. The theoretical framework combines economics, sociology, and design. Through participatory action research including interviews and co-design sessions, a collaborative service model called "Credita Social Currency" was developed to facilitate skills-sharing and collaboration. The results demonstrate how service design can help create alternative economic systems to support people during crises.
The Implementation of District and Rural Fiscal Balance through Village Alloc...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF) discourages theoretical articles that are limited to axiomatics or that discuss minor variations of familiar models. Similarly, IOSR-JEF has little interest in empirical papers that do not explain the model's theoretical foundations or that exhausts themselves in applying a new or established technique (such as cointegration) to another data set without providing very good reasons why this research is important.
This document provides a summary report of an urban foresight project conducted in Rustavi, Georgia from 2017-2020. The project aimed to use participatory urban foresight methods to help the municipality of Rustavi strengthen public sector innovation and citizen engagement in urban development planning.
The report describes the process used, which began with intuitive logic foresight workshops to develop four scenarios for Rustavi's future in 2050. This was followed by public consultations to modify the scenarios based on citizen feedback and identify partners. The final phase involved ongoing horizon scanning by municipal staff and partners.
The goal of the project was to help Rustavi transition to more decentralized, participatory forms of governance through experimental models of government
Day 3 mapping, resource, community & stakeholdersZohaib Amjad
Mapping involves identifying community assets and resources to support organizational goals. It requires collaborating to collect and analyze data on assets, stakeholders, and resources. This helps identify strengths and gaps to develop strategies, build partnerships, and empower communities. Regular communication during the mapping process is important to design and implement effective action plans.
Now it is time to make the theoretical more applied. For this proj.docxcherishwinsland
Now it is time to make the theoretical more applied. For this project, you may choose to work alone or collaborate with up to 2 peers.
Surf the employment pages of 3 different corporate websites. Try to choose different industries and/or different sized organizations for comparison. Analyze the major features, strengths, and weaknesses of the recruiting messages you view throughout each site, from the employment splashdown page to specific position postings.
Prepare a brief narrative report that summarizes, compares, and contrasts your findings.
· Does each organization rely on a particular style of recruiting message? If so, which one(s) and why?
· How well do these sites support the trends and strategies presented in this module's readings?
· Suppose you were an outside consultant brought in to overhaul recruiting at these organizations. What recommendations will you make to revise or change the site or the message presented? Why?
·
Expect to take about 4-pages (double-spaced, 12 point font) to complete this assignment. Your work will be graded on content, clarity, creativity, correctness, and, above all, critical thinking per the HRA Written Assignment Rubric.
MEASUREMENT OF CITY PROSPERITY
Methodology and Metadata
Economic Growth Sub Index
Institutional C
ap
acity Sub
Index
Health Sub Index
H
ousing Infrastructure Sub
Index
Economic Agglomeration
A
ccountab
ility and Transp
arency Sub
Index
Education Sub Index
Social Infrastructure
IC
T Sub
Index
Employment Sub Index
Particip
ation Sub
Index
G
ender Inclusion Sub
Index
Social Inclusion Sub
Index
Econom
ic Equity Sub
Index
Safety and Security Sub Index
Natural Resources Management Sub Index
Waste Management Sub Index
Air Quality Sub Index
Pr
od
uc
tiv
ity
In
de
x
Eq
ui
ty
a
nd
S
oc
ia
l I
nc
lu
sio
n
In
de
x
Q
uality of Life Index
Urban Governance and Legislation Index
Infrastructure Development IndexEnvironmental Sustainability Index CPI
City Prosperity Index Methodology and Metadata
1
DATA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Cities have emerged as the focus for change and the venue where policies are realized. They have been able to forge new linkages
among actors and offer innovative solutions, with the potential to be part of national agendas, and to influence regional and global
development. 1 Cities have been catalysts of productivity, technology and infrastructure development, including institutional
arrangements that contribute to the enhancement of equity, social inclusion and quality of life.
The outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, entitled “The future we want”, recognizes
that if well planned and developed, cities can promote economically, socially and environmentally sustainable societies.2
However, poor planning, the absence of effective governance and legal frameworks, fragile institutions, low capacity of local
authorities, and the lack of a sound monitorin.
Highland Park IL Strategic Plan DocumentationTracy Quintana
The strategic plan outlines the public works department's goals and objectives over the next 5-10 years. It establishes levels of service, long-term and short-term goals, and plans to monitor progress towards goals. The plan focuses on infrastructure investment, operational efficiency, personnel succession planning, and maintaining community vibrancy.
Interior in Korea since 2014 (so 4 years now). Every year quite a number of projects all over the country are selected (=funded) and carried out under this grand-project; for instance, in this year 50 selected projects are on-going now. As for me, I was one of the service designers of the selected projects in 2015. This year I work as an advisory committee member for the whole project.
Taufiq dan Kombaitan - 2019 - Urban Area Entities in Affecting Regional Devel...EmTaufiq1
This document discusses urban area entities and their role in affecting regional development, using the Mebidangro urban area in Indonesia as a case study. It finds that Mebidangro influences regional development through four main entities: 1) Reducing income disparity, 2) Being a central location for production and services, 3) Facilitating urbanization and labor/knowledge mobility, and 4) Enabling regional and international cooperation. While cities were once seen as hierarchical, the globalization of industries and innovation has led to more open and networked urban cooperation beyond administrative boundaries.
This short document summarises the main findings from the internal formative evaluation of the practice of co-design within the Smart Cities project. It forms as starting point for a workshop held on 27 April 2011, and contains examples of the different approaches to co-design that have been taken by the project partners.
This document provides an overview of event planning models and definitions. It discusses various categorizations and definitions of events, including special events, major events, hallmark events, and mega-events. Key aspects included are that events are temporary occurrences with a finite length, and involve the blending of duration, setting, management, and attendees. Events are also categorized as leisure, organizational, personal, or cultural. The document provides examples and discusses models for conceptualizing different event types.
Here is a brief summary of the key points regarding coordinated review and shaping land use:
- Coordinated review is a process that brings together various government agencies and stakeholders to review major development proposals and their potential impacts.
- The goal is to ensure land use decisions consider all relevant factors like transportation, infrastructure, environment, community needs, etc. rather than having each reviewed separately.
- It aims to shape land use and development in a comprehensive manner by facilitating inter-agency coordination and public input early in the planning process.
- By reviewing projects collaboratively, inconsistencies can be identified and addressed up front, reducing potential conflicts down the road.
- Communities benefit from more integrated planning that balances economic growth with
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
2. 2
providing opportunities to utilize the knowledge of service design in the event management
area.
Service design is a discipline that focuses highly on users’ needs and stakeholders’
relationships. Services are invisible, intangible products, making user-centeredness and co-
creativeness important considerations in the design process. Since the principles of service
design and event management share these important aspects, comparing the two fields can
give valuable insights into making event management more user- and stakeholder-oriented.
Some scholars who have seen the opportunity for service design in the event management
field have attempted to apply some methods of service design to event management
(Stickdorn & Zehrer, 2009; Zehrer, 2009; Moscardo 2017). However, the values of service
design focusing on local festival planning in particular have been little investigated.
Therefore, this research focuses on identifying the service design requirements for
proposing a more people-centred planning method for local festivals. Three research aims
were formulated: 1) to identify the requirements shared by service design and event
management, 2) to compare and contrast of micro-level requirements in local service design
and local festival planning, and 3) to discover opportunities to adapt service design to local
festival planning.
To accomplish the aims presented above, a literature review and deductive content analysis
were conducted. Firstly, the requirements shared by service design and event management
were identified from literature to be used as a priory coding scheme. Subsequently, micro-
level requirements within each priori codes were coded by open-coding. Finally, each
requirement between local service design and local festival planning were compared and
contrasted. Based on these, the study provides opportunities to adopt service design
thinking in local festival planning.
2 Literature review
A local festival is an event intended to boost the local economy and create an image of the
region (Felsenstein & Fleischer, 2003). The goal of local festivals is to vitalize the local
region; festivals are usually conducted by local governments or organizations. The process
of planning a local festival includes cooperating with heterogeneous stakeholders such as
residents, local businesses, technical experts, and government (Woo, Kim & Nam 2019).
Academically, local festival planning belongs in the field of event management in tourism
and hospitality, having characteristics of event management in the tourism field and a
singularity in dealing with specific local issues. To understand local festival planning at a
macro level, a literature review was conducted on local festival planning and event
management. Also, a research gap was investigated through previous studies that have
attempted to utilise service design concepts for local festival planning or event management.
3. 3
Figure 1. A conceptual diagram of local festival planning and local service
2.1 Local festival planning as service design
Service design is a tool to innovate or improve existing services and make them more
desirable and usable, encouraging simultaneous effectiveness and efficiency. Researchers
define service design as “a practice that generally results in the design of systems and
process aimed at providing a holistic service to the user” (The Copenhagen Institute of
interaction design, 2008) and “design thinking as applying methodologies and approaches of
design to a broader set of issues and problems in business and society” (Tim Brown, 2008).
Event management deals with different aspects of events, such as economic benefits, social
impacts, attendees’ motivation, attendees’ satisfaction, and so on (Getz & Page, 2016;
Dowson & Bassett, 2015). Since event management has recently shifted to dealing with
people-centred, social, and economic issues for planning more successful local festivals, the
holistic approach of service design might be useful to event management.
As mentioned in the Introduction, the importance of people’s experience is the rising issue in
the event management area. Traditionally, the most important part of event management
was economic benefit. However, this perspective has changed. Getz (2008) and Backman
(2017), scholars of the event management field, stress the importance of experience in
events. Experiences are becoming more important in evaluating participant satisfaction or
the success of events or services. Since service design means carefully considering a user’s
experience, service design tools can be effectively utilised in the event management field.
Among diverse events, local festivals have special value to local economies. Local festivals
can foster growth for local businesses and communities and encourage residents to continue
to live in the city by promoting local patriotism, which can be advantageous to local
businesses and reshape the image of a city (Okech, 2011). Therefore, considering local
people’s needs and relationships is necessary to lead local development the right way.
Service design also has social value pertaining to local issues; service design tools can be
effectively utilised in local community development and government activities. For example,
IDEO, a design consulting firm, helps local people in need by making practical products that
utilise service design tools (Chou, 2018). This case shows that service design tools can be
used to collect and effectively reflect residents’ needs.
4. 4
Likewise, an opportunity for service design applied to local festival planning is observed.
Service design can deal with diverse problems and issues and provides effective tools and
methods to contribute to society. However, research about how service design can help
meet the objectives of local festivals is not conducted enough. Therefore, to get a holistic
understanding of service design values for local festival planning, cases in both service
design and event management are analysed.
2.2 Shared requirements for event management and service design
Event management and service design share some requirements for the creation of a
successful event or service. The following four requirements revealed by the literature review
were used as the priori coding scheme in the deductive content analysis.
2.2.1 Understanding the target group
The first requirement shared by both domains is understanding the target group. Both
service design and event management consider target groups and have developed tools for
understanding them. Service design targets users who are likely to use the services, and
event management targets attendees who are likely to visit events. The event management
perspective requires understanding the attendees’ demographics and motivations for
attending festivals and/or making repeated visits (Dowson, 2010; Shanka, 2004). Likewise,
service design is inherently user-centred, developing services by meeting users’ needs. It is
emphasised that services should be experienced through the users’ eyes (Stickdorn &
Schneider, 2011). Therefore, service design requirements focus on a genuine understanding
of users so that designers can understand the users’ current problems and how to solve
them (Stickdorn & Schneider, 2011).
2.2.2 Considering relationships between stakeholders
The second requirement shared by both domains is considering relationships between
stakeholders. Both service design and event management encourage understanding and
considering relationships between stakeholders. In event management, stakeholder
management leads to the success of events, as higher involvement of stakeholders in
planning leads to competitive events (Reid, 2011). Hence, event managers should
understand and meet the needs of stakeholders to induce their involvement and cooperation.
In service design, stakeholder mapping is mainly used to identify the key stakeholders and
their relationships. It is used to discover positive stakeholders to involve in the design
process and the risks associated with negative stakeholders (Curedale, 2018). Thus, both
service design and event management consider their stakeholders to discover positive
resources or potential risks in the planning phase.
2.2.3 Creating experiences
The third requirement found in both service design and event management is creating
experiences for people. Experience is a service process consisting of certain touchpoints
(Stickdorn, 2009; Lane, 2007). Event management literature stresses the importance of
experiences in planning events. For example, Geus, Richards, and Toepoel (2016)
mentioned that unique, memorable experiences can be the competitive advantage of events.
Likewise, unique experiences can be a powerful selling point in service design. In order to
satisfy user expectations, service design encompasses many tools for understanding users
and defining service touchpoints of users (Stickdorn, 2009). To sum up, both service design
and event management perspectives focus on developing experiences created by services
or events for competitiveness.
5. 5
2.2.4 Receiving feedback for an iterative process
The last requirement found in both areas is receiving feedback for an iterative process.
Services and events are not one-off occurrences; both are repeatedly used or held, so the
designers and planners can collect feedback to improve the next time. According to
Stickdorn and Zehrer (2009), the competitiveness of services ultimately depends on the
user’s satisfaction, which is determined by the user’s assessment. In many event
management studies, questionnaires are used to discover attendees’ motivations for
attending events (Dodd, Yuan, Adams & Kolyesnikova, 2005; Shanka & Tayler, 2004; Li &
Petrick, 2005). In that regard, a commonality between the two areas is that they both assess
the satisfaction of people and use this assessment for the next event or service.
3 Deductive content analysis
In this study, deductive content analysis was used to analyse data. Deductive content
analysis (Hsieh & Shannon, 2005) is used to validate or conceptually extend a theoretical
framework or theory; for this study, it was used to find differences and commonalities
between service design and event management for local regions based on reviewing related
literature. The analysis was conducted by three experienced design researchers with
different backgrounds in user experience design and service design. Content analysis was
carried out in three steps: 1) defining priori codes, 2) extraction from cases based on the
priori coding scheme, and 3) grouping and comparing. This research model is illustrated in
Figure 2.
Figure 2. The research model of deductive content analysis
6. 6
3.1 Step 1. Defining priori codes
Literature on the basic principles of service design and event management was reviewed to
define essential requirements in creating successful services and events. For service design,
four academic papers and two books indexed as SSCI (Social Science Citation Index) or
cited more than 100 times were reviewed. The journals and books cited more than 600 times
were considered major theories. For event management in tourism and hospitality, four
academic papers and one book that had been indexed as SSCI or cited more than 100 times
were reviewed. The principles introduced in the journals and books that had been cited more
than 1900 times were considered leading theories.
Based on the open coding, a total of 46 codes were extracted: 19 in service design and 27 in
event management of tourism. A commonality in the literature of the two areas emerged; for
example, Stickdorn & Schneider (2011) introduced the importance of understanding
customers and stakeholders in the principles of service design thinking, and event
management in tourism and hospitality has similar ideas. Getz (2008) said that “experiences
should be conceptualised and studied in terms of three interrelated dimensions: what people
are doing, or behaviour, their emotions, moods, or attitudes, and cognition.”
As a result, four requirements shared by service design and event management were
deducted: 1) understanding the target group, 2) considering the relationships between
stakeholders, 3) creating experiences, and 4) receiving feedback for an iterative process.
The first three requirements belong to the preparation phase for the event or service and the
last requirement falls within the post-event or service phase. The requirements are used as
priori codes.
3.2 Step 2. Extraction from cases based on the priori coding scheme
To define the sub-codes, more research papers dealing with actual local festival planning
cases were collected. For service design, seven cases related to the local region, local
economy, and tourism were selected. For local festival planning, 23 cases about local
festivals were selected. The reason the actual cases were considered was to define how the
conceptual theories were applied in practical fields. While the service design area is
theoretically well-developed, local festival planning is more focused on empirical studies.
Therefore, more cases of local festival planning were collected.
The service design cases considered how service design can provide beneficial effects in
the local economy and tourism; for example, developing a critical perspective on design-led
urban regeneration (Bell & Jayne, 2003), how co-design and co-production could support
community development (Lam, Zamenopoulos, Kelemen & Hoo, 2017), and managing
service touchpoints to increase users’ satisfaction in tourism (Stickdorn & Zehrer, 2009).
The local festival planning cases mainly focused on encouraging people to visit local
festivals and managing stakeholders. Researchers investigated festivals that had
established attendees’ motivation and factors that attract attendees’ interest in attending
future events as well as festivals (Shanka & Taylor, 2004), that functioned as sustainable
attractions while fulfilling their social and cultural roles at the community level and
maintaining political and tangible support from key stakeholders (Andersson & Gertz, 2008).
The literature collected in step 1 was also reviewed to search for codes and tools belonging
to each area. The codes and tools from the literature were extracted based on the priori
codes found in step 1. Subsequently, 83 codes in service design and 125 codes in local
7. 7
festival planning were extracted to define sub-codes. The deductive content analysis for
priori codes and sub-codes is illustrated in Figure 3.
Figure 3. Sub-code extraction from cases based on priori coding scheme
3.3 Step 3. Grouping and comparing
The purpose of the third step was to reconstruct the contents of the requirements to enable
comparison. This grouping was conducted using the affinity diagram method proposed by
Beyer and Holtzblatt (1999). The extracted codes were grouped in both areas based on their
functions and objectives; the defined domains showed opportunities for what service design
aspects could be implemented within local festival planning. Some strengths were found in
codes and tools that only the service design area possessed. As a result, nine sub-codes
each were extracted from service design and local festival planning. The sub-requirements
and tools in both domains were compared to define commonalities and differentiates. Based
on this, possible opportunities were extracted.
4 Content analysis results
As introduced above, four requirements are needed to achieve success in service design
and event management: 1) understanding the target group, 2) considering relationships
between stakeholders, 3) creating experiences, and 4) receiving feedback for an iterative
process. The four requirements were used as priori-codes to extract codes from the
collected cases. By analysing the extracted codes, a total of 9 sub-codes in local service
design and 9 sub-codes in local festival planning were found. The results of the contents
analysis are illustrated in Figure 4.
8. 8
Figure 4. The sub-codes placed in the phase of local service & festival
4.1 Understanding the target group
Understanding the target group is the first shared requirement for service design and event
management. In terms of this requirement, two commonalities and two contrasting
characteristics were identified in local service design and local festival planning.
First, identifying motivation of the target group is a common sub-code in both local service
design and local festival planning. Investigating attendees’ interest is particularly meaningful
in the competitive local festival area. The motivations of attendees are mostly about fulfilling
expected experiences at a particular event; for instance, relaxation, socialisation,
entertainment, and family togetherness (Dodd et al., 2006). The user’s satisfaction (created
by the user’s assessment of expectations in certain services) can help to establish the
competitiveness of service. Since local festivals are held in various regions, identifying
attendees’ motivations to travel to different regions is crucial.
Another common sub-code is encouraging involvement of the target group. As mentioned,
involving users or attendees is an essential activity to understand their motivation. However,
there is a difference in the shared sub-code of the two domains. User involvement in the
early design stage is a sub-code discovered in local service design that focuses on
understanding users’ needs in the pre-service phase (development of a service). Design
9. 9
activities with local people are commonly conducted to understand specific local issues. This
activity means defining and applying the local users’ expectations before they experience the
local service, and a user-participatory design is commonly used as a method. The co-design
approach was perceived as empowering because it helps to identify a number of important
insights that non-locals do not know.
Attendees’ participation in post-event phase is a sub-code discovered in local festival
planning. Local festival planning generally concentrates on activities in the post-event phase
to understand attendees’ motivations; post-event surveys are the easiest, most common
method for this activity. The questionnaire includes items addressing people’s motivations
for attending events and whether the event attributes satisfied attendees’ expectations. It
implies that attendees’ assessments of events are significant in local festival planning
activities, as these evaluations are a good way of showing others (e.g. clients, sponsors, and
partners) that the local festival was a success, which can ultimately help to justify future
events (Dowson & Bassett, 2015). Consequently, the phases and objective of understanding
target audiences are different.
4.2 Considering the relationships between stakeholders
Considering the relationships between stakeholders is the second shared requirement for
service design and event management. In terms of this requirement, one commonality and
two contrasting characteristics were identified in local service design and local festival
planning.
Collaboration with local stakeholders is a common sub-code in local service design and local
festival planning. Both local festival planning and service design require a broader
stakeholder management perspective. Collaboration is an effective method for community
development, as it encourages all key stakeholders to work together to create appropriate
output that reflects their needs and expectations and prevents conflicts of interest. Thus, the
role of festival organisers or service designers is crucial in developing a supportive network
and managing stakeholders’ relationships to build the legitimacy of a local festival or service
and fulfil multiple stakeholder perspectives.
Mutual trust with local stakeholders is a sub-code discovered in local service design. Service
design requires consideration of diverse stakeholders in creating a shared vision for change
or a shared approach for problem-solving. It is important to help all local stakeholders
understand and respect each other; this allows them to create a shared vision and a shared
approach for problem-solving in a region. Defining problems together allows a mutual trust to
develop between them. Local service design initiates the management of stakeholders by
building empathy between stakeholders and organisers.
Managing local stakeholders as resources is a sub-code discovered in local festival planning.
Local festival planning additionally considers stakeholders from the perspective of resource
management. Some festivals exhibited extensive cooperation with a wide selection of local
agents or stakeholders, but the range of difficulties of this cooperation building and
relationship management were clear. To moderate the circumstances, an event organizer
can become a decision-maker and a conductor. In other words, local festival planning
occasionally uses top-down approaches to manage resources efficiently.
10. 10
4.3 Creating experiences
Creating experiences is the third shared requirement for service design and event
management. In terms of this requirement, one commonality and two contrasting
characteristics were identified in local service design and local festival planning.
Satisfying people’s expectations is a common sub-code in service design and local festival
planning. Creating experiences starts with understanding and satisfying the expectations of
attendees, as mentioned above. If the desired expectation of a local service or festival
specifically matches the actual experience, people will be satisfied and have more
memorable experiences; if people enjoy the local service or festival, they will consider to visit
the region again.
Designing story-centred sequential touchpoints is a sub-code discovered in local service
design. Service design emphasises the sequence of service to create valuable experiences.
Service flow is crucial to consider when designing services, as the rhythm of service
influences the mood of users. Sequentially designed touchpoints are like an interesting
movie that keeps the audience entertained. Story-centred touchpoints encourage people to
be mindful of the local region based on the stories. Service design must not only make clear
connections between locations and experiences but also be consistent in supporting the
unfolding story or the underlying narrative theme.
Reflecting local identity is a sub-code discovered more frequently in local festival planning.
Reflecting on local culture and identity is significantly valuable events are used to represent
the place or culture, like selling the identity or culture as a product. Festivals representing
local characteristics and culture generate interesting tourism experiences for attendees.
4.4 Receiving feedback on an iterative process
Receiving feedback on an iterative process is the last shared requirement for service design
and event management. In terms of this requirement, one commonality and two contrasting
characteristics were identified in local service design and local festival planning.
People assessment for improvement is a common sub-code in local service design and local
festival planning. Local services are usually consistently operated. Although local festivals
look temporary, they are conducted every set period. Hence, both local service design and
local festival planning look for ways to operate more sustainably. Both domains receive
audiences’ feedback to improve services or events.
However, there is a difference in the objective of each domain. Continuous assessment and
execution are a sub-code discovered in local service design. Service designers usually
receive feedback for local services being developed or enacted. Since local services target
limited populations, listening to users is crucial to maintaining sustainability.
Assessment for the future festival is a sub-code discovered in local festival planning. While
service designers often conduct user assessments in every service phase, event planners
usually receive attendees’ opinions after the event and apply those opinions to future events.
This is because local festivals are too short to apply attendees’ opinions in the middle of the
event, and chaotic situations can occur without enough guidance.
11. 11
5 Discussion
Although local festival planning already shares many aspects with local service design,
some perspectives and approaches are different. This study focused on opportunities for
local festival planning to adopt perspectives, methods, and tools from service design thinking.
5.1 Deep understanding of target groups in early-planning stages
Service design utilises diverse tools and methods to understand users in the early service
design stage. On the contrary, post-event activities are more frequent in local festival
planning. There is a practical reason why local festival planning commonly focuses more on
surveys in the post-event phase; the success of local festival planning is judged through
surveys, which is the easiest, most effective way. The results of the survey can help form a
standard of judgment as to whether the festival is economically valuable. Thus, if results fall
short of expectations, the festival may not be held again. Therefore, understanding target
attendees in the pre-event stage can help the festival achieve higher scores in the post-
event surveys.
Various useful methods to understand people exist in service design. Among them,
participatory design is an effective method to gain a deep understanding of users and is
commonly used in service design. Many design studies have demonstrated that engaging
people is an effective method in public matters (Crivellaro et al., 2014; Teng, 2014).
However, it is difficult for people to process the tremendous scale of a whole local festival
plan. The organiser can get meaningful ideas by filtering rough ideas iteratively so that only
the strongest, most resonant ones are developed. Consequently, the planner can design the
festival effectively to satisfy people’s expectations through the process of understanding
target attendees.
5.2 Building mutual trust with local stakeholders
Building mutual trust is an important issue in service design; local festival planning should
not only consider attendees but also local communities and stakeholders. Occasionally,
stakeholders have conflicting interests. For example, a local festival might make a region
overcrowded or festival attendees might pollute the surrounding environment. Therefore,
collaborating with all stakeholders is necessary to create a shared vision and understand
and respect each other.
Moreover, active members of local communities know that unexpected issues can occur.
There are cases in which listening to stakeholders’ opinions led to successful results (Chou,
2018); thus, by letting local citizens and stakeholders participate in the process of planning a
local festival, organisers can consider local needs and help the local economy.
Nevertheless, managing stakeholders as resources is still a considerable task, and some
conflicts between stakeholders are hard to resolve under limited budgets. Therefore, finding
a balance between them helps to establish an economical and competitive local festival.
5.3 Establishing stories of the region
Managing touchpoints is essential for service design—the user experience consists of
certain touchpoints, which can be considered puzzle pieces of the service; the puzzle pieces
should be connected to form a picture of the whole service. Drawing a service picture is like
writing a story, and the whole service can provide users with consistent, unique experiences.
12. 12
Reflecting local identity and stories in festival planning is important. Local festival planning
can easily utilise the stories of the region’s customs, residents’ ethnic backgrounds, and
unique cultural heritage. Background stories about the region and local festival can
encourage valuable experiences and form a unique aspect of a festival; for example, La
Tomatina in Spain and Palio di Siena in Italy. Applying the local identity is usually an
influential method to encourage more attendees in the competitive festival market.
However, there are successful local festival planning cases that make their own stories and
identities unrelated to the local regions, such as Santa Claus village in Finland. Saint
Nicholas, the historic basis for Santa Claus, was not born in Finland but Turkey. A new
identity for a local region can be built by composing a powerful story in local festival planning.
Thus, if a historical identity is not enough to build a unique festival concept, a festival planner
can create a story or identity to support the whole theme of the festival.
5.4 Utilising prototyping tools
In service design, designers collect users’ opinions in the middle of planning or service
processes to improve services over time. To test the results of user discussions, prototypes
are utilised as effective means to convey knowledge and progress toward an outcome. The
prototypes enable planners to explore, evaluate, and understand the possibilities and
limitations of a design idea in the simplest and most efficient way (Lim, Stolterman &
Tenenberg, 2008). When local festival planners collaborate with local people without
knowledge of festival design, prototyping can help them easily explore ideas.
The relationships between local stakeholders are varied depending on each event, meaning
that the process of planning local festivals cannot be simply standardized or unified. If
service design tools for prototyping apply to local festival planning, event planners and local
governments can easily discover difficulties and solutions before conducting the festival.
Moreover, event planners and local governments can ideate the concepts of a local festival
and communicate in a more efficient way.
5.5 Limitation and further research
This study provides for the possibility of adapting service design thinking to local festival
planning. The limitation of this study is that the results were developed by a theoretical
approach only. The study is based on a literature review and content analysis, meaning that
not all specific practical application approaches were validated. Hence, to complement this
limitation, possible future studies can focus on establishing more guidelines for practitioners
in the field of local festival planning and validating the guidelines by performing empirical
studies.
6 Conclusion
This study represents an investigation of the opportunity to adopt service design thinking to
achieve more success in local festivals. Through literature review and deductive content
analysis, the shared areas between service design and local festival planning are revealed.
Four requirements (priori codes) for successful services and events were found: 1)
understanding target groups, 2) considering relationships between stakeholders, 3) creating
experiences, and 4) receiving feedback for an iterative process. Second, using the priori
codes, sub-requirements (sub-codes) for local services and festivals were extracted. Lastly,
13. 13
these were classified and compared to find similarities and differences. These pointed to
opportunities to adopt service design thinking in local festival planning.
Four main opportunities were discovered to use service design thinking in local festival
planning: 1) deep understanding of target groups in the early planning stage, 2) building
mutual trust with local stakeholders, 3) establishing stories of the region, and 4) utilising
prototyping tools. All can contribute to creating better experiences at local festivals by
encouraging the involvement of all parties. However, there should be more guidelines for
local festival planners to successfully adopt service design thinking in their processes.
7 References
Andersson, T.D. & Gertz, D. (2008). Stakeholder Management Strategies of Festivals. Journal of
Convention & Event Tourism, 9(3), 199-220. doi: 10.1080/15470140802323801
Axelsen, M. & Swan, T. (2010). Designing Festival Experiences to Influence Visitor Perceptions: The
Case of a Wine and Food Festival. Journal of Travel Research, 49(4), 436-450. doi:
10.1177/0047287509346796
Backman, K. F. (2018). Event management research: The focus today and in the future. Tourism
management perspectives, 25, 169-171.
Bell, D., & Jayne, M. (2003). 'Design-led' Urban Regeneration: A Critical Perspective. Local Economy,
18(2), 121-134.
Beyer, H., & Holtzblatt, K. (1999). Contextual design. interactions, 6(1), 32-42.
Brown, T. Why Design Thinking [Website of IDEO] Retrieved from
https://www.ideou.com/pages/design-thinking
Carlsen, J., Andersson, T. D., Ali-Knight, J., Jaeger, K., & Taylor, R. (2010). Festival management
innovation and failure. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 1(2), 120-131.
Chou, D. C. (2018). Applying design thinking method to social entrepreneurship project. Computer
Standards & Interfaces, 55, 73-79.
Crivellaro, C., Comber, R., Bowers, J., Wright, P. C., & Olivier, P. (2014, April). A pool of dreams:
facebook, politics and the emergence of a social movement. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI
Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 3573-3582). ACM.
Curedale, R. (2018). Design Thinking: Process & Methods Guide. Design Community College
Incorporated.
Derrett, R. (2003). Making sense of how festivals demonstrate a community’s sense of place. Event
Management, 8(1), 49–58. doi: 10.3727/152599503108751694
Dodd, T., Yuan, J., Adams, C., & Kolyesnikova, N. (2006). Motivations of young people for visiting
wine festivals. Event Management, 10(1), 23-33.
Dowson, R., & Bassett, D. (2015). Event planning and Management: A practical handbook for pr and
events professionals. Kogan Page Publishers.
Felsenstein, D., & Fleischer, A. (2003). Local festivals and tourism promotion: The role of public
assistance and visitor expenditure. Journal of Travel Research, 41(4), 385-392.
Getz, D. (2008). Event tourism: Definition, evolution, and research. Tourism management, 29(3), 403-
428.
Getz, D., & Page, S. (2016). Event studies: Theory, research and policy for planned events.
Routledge.
Geus, S. D., Richards, G., & Toepoel, V. (2016). Conceptualisation and operationalisation of event
and festival experiences: Creation of an event experience scale. Scandinavian Journal of
Hospitality and Tourism, 16(3), 274-296.
Hsieh, H. F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative
health research, 15(9), 1277-1288.
Kang, K. (2017). The republic of useless festivals. [News article of edily]. Retrieved from
http://www.edaily.co.kr/news/read?newsId=03821206616125720
Kim, Y. (2001). Is this a local festival or election event? [News article of OhMyNews]. Retrieved from
http://www.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/View/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0000040915
Lam, B., Zamenopoulos, T., Kelemen, M., & Hoo Na, J. (2017). Unearth Hidden Assets through
Community Co-design and Co-production. The Design Journal, 20(sup1), S3601-S3610.
Li, X., & Petrick, J. F. (2005). A review of festival and event motivation studies. Event Management,
9(4), 239-245.
14. 14
Lim, Y. K., Stolterman, E., & Tenenberg, J. (2008). The anatomy of prototypes: Prototypes as filters,
prototypes as manifestations of design ideas. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human
Interaction (TOCHI), 15(2), 7.
Moscardo, G. (2017). Stories as a tourist experience design tool. In Design Science in Tourism (pp.
97-124). Springer, Cham.
Okech, R. N. (2011). Promoting sustainable festival events tourism: A case study of Lamu Kenya.
Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 3(3), 193-202.
Pope, J.A., Isely, P. & Agbetunsin, B. (2017). How do we keep them coming back? A look at
individual factors impacting attendee satisfaction and intention to return to festivals.
International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 8(2), 102-120. doi: 10.1108/IJEFM-
04-2016-0028
Media Strategy team of Chungbookilbo. (2018). No more local festivals conducting by local
government. Retrieved from http://www.inews365.com/news/article.html?no=553619
Reid, S. (2011). Event stakeholder management: developing sustainable rural event practices.
International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 2(1), 20-36.
Shanka, T., & Taylor, R. (2004). Discriminating factors of first-time and repeat visitors to wine
festivals. Current Issues in Tourism, 7(2), 134-145.
Shin, H. (2004). Cultural festivals and regional identities in South Korea. Environment and Planning D:
Society and Space, 22(4), 619-632 doi: 10.1068/d350.
Stickdorn, M. & Schneider, J. (2011). This is service design thinking: Basics - Tools - Cases. (Vol. 1).
Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Stickdorn, M., & Zehrer, A. (2009, November). Service design in tourism: Customer experience driven
destination management. In First Nordic conference on service design and service innovation,
Oslo (pp. 1-16).
Teng, D. N. L. (2014). Citizen-Centric Public Policies and Services Through Design. Paper presented
at the 19th DMI: Academic Design Management Conference, London.
Woo, E., Kim, C., Nam, K. Y., (2019). The Journey of Local Knowledge Toward Designing
Neighbourhood Regeneration. In Academy for Design Innovation Management 2019 London
International Research Conference.
Zehrer, A. (2009). Service experience and service design: concepts and application in tourism SMEs.
Managing Service Quality, 19(3), 332-349
About the Authors:
Juhee Kim: received the B.A.(2010) degree in visual communication design
from Kyunghee University. She was a UI/UX designer and visual marketer in
IT industry. Currently, she is pursuing M.S. degree in industrial design and
working for Color Laboratory, KAIST, South Korea.
Eunji Woo: is MSc student in the department of Industrial Design at KAIST.
She received her BSc in Industrial Design from KAIST. Her research interest
is applying participatory design into neighbourhood regeneration.
Hoi San Wu: is a MSc student in Strategic Product Design at Delft University
of Technology. She received her BSc in Psychology & Technology from
Eindhoven University of Technology. Her interests lie in service systems,
customer experience and innovation.
Dr. Ki-Young Nam: is Associate Professor of Industrial Design at KAIST. His
research interests include Strategic integration of design, Policymaking by
design, Designing business, technology and social innovation. Dr. Nam is
Vice President of Korea Society of Design Science.