2. CONTENTS
Introduction
The Day We Start With: Toothpaste
Chemistry At The Breakfast Table
Chemistry Of Coffee
Why Do Onions Make Us Cry?
Let’s Go For A Cigarette
Chemistry Of Alcoholic Drinks
Body Composition
Chemistry Of Emotions
Chemistry In Food Production
Chemistry Of Soaps/Detergents
Ice Float On Water
Chemistry In Food Preservatives
Chemistry In Digestion
The Working Of A Sunscreen
Chemistry In Rust Formation
Chemistry In Cosmetics
Chemistry In A Pressure Cooker
Chemistry Of Vegetable Color
Time To Go To The Bed: Sleep
Conclusion
Refference
3. INTRODUCTION
Have You Ever Wondered Why The Role Of
Chemistry Is So Important In Everyday Life?
We All And Everything Around We Hear, See,
Smell, Taste, And Touch Involve Intricate Series
Of Chemical Reactions And Interactions In Our
Body.Many Of The Changes We Observe In The
World Around Are Caused By Chemical
Reactions. Chemistry Is Not Limited To Beakers
And Laboratories.Chemistry Is Present In Every
Aspect Of Life Around Us.
4. THE DAY WE START WITH: TOOTHPASTE
Have We Ever Thought That There Is Chemical Interaction Behind The Toothpaste
We Use To Clean Our Teeth? At The Beginning Of The Use Of Toothpaste In
Ancient Egypt, They Used Powdered Rock With Vinegar To Form A Paste.
BACTERIA SUGAR SALIVA FLUORIDE
The Main Working Ingredient In Toothpaste Is Fluoride, Which Develops A
Protection Against Plaque.It Strengthens The Enamel To Protect Teeth From
Future Decay. Most Toothpaste Contain Abrasive Ingredients That Help Scrub
Away Stains And Plaque On Your Teeth.This Ingredient Also Helps To Polish Your
Teeth So They Look Fresh And Clean After You Brush Your Teeth. There Are Some
Chemical Ingredients In Toothpaste Specially Used For Whitening Purposes.
5. CHEMISTRY AT THE BREAKFAST
Who Does Not Like To Eat Fluffy Freshly Baked
Bread In The Breakfast? We Know About The Use
Of Raising Agents In Cooking And Baking Which
Is Involved With Chemistry.There Are Two Raising
Agents Used In Most Recipes, Yeast And Baking
Powder. Yeast Is A Micro-organism That Contains
The Enzyme Zymase That Converts The Sugars In
Bread Into Carbon Dioxide And Ethanol.
Gluten In The Bread Is A Fibrous Compound That Stretches As The Bread
Rises And Traps The Carbon Dioxide In An Elastic Framework. The Carbon
Dioxide Trapped In The Bread Expands And The Bread Rises Even More.
The Flavour Comes Partly From The Ethanol Produced By The Yeast.
6. CHEMISTRY OF COFFEE
Coffee Is One Of The Most Popular Drugs, Consumed
By Up To 90% Of People In The World That Makes Us
Fresh And Energetic. The Reason Is Caffeine In It. In Its
Pure State Caffeine (1,3,7 Trimethyl –Xanthine) Exists
As A White Powdered Alkaloid With An Intensely Bitter
Taste. There Are Over 1,000 Chemical Compounds In
Coffee Making Caffeine Just A Tiny Fraction (~0.01%)
Of Coffee's Total Composition.
Caffeine Is A Stimulant Of The Central
Nervous System (Cns),that Increases Heart
Rate, Allows Some Muscles To Contract
More Easily.Coffee Keeps Us Awake Because
Of The Presence Adenosine In Your Brain. It
Binds To Certain Receptors And Slows The
Nerve Cell Activity When Sleep Is
Signaled.Its All About Chemical Interaction.
7. WHY DO ONIONS MAKE US CRY?
Have We Ever Thought Why Onions Make
Us Cry? There Is A Chemistry Behind
It.Inside The Onion Cells There Are Some
Chemical Compounds That Contain Sulphur.
When We Cut An Onion, Its Cells Are Broken
And Those Chemical Compounds Undergo A
Reaction That Transforms Them Into More
Volatile Sulfured Product.
Sulfured Compounds React
With The Moisture In Our
Eyes Forming Sulfenic
Acid.Sulfenic Acid Is
Responsible For The
Volatile Gas, Propanethiol
S-oxide,that Stimulates The
Production Of Tears In The
Eyes.
8. LET’S GO FOR A CIGARETTE
Smokers Don’t Think About The Chemical In The
Cigarettes. But Do They Know about Harmful
Chemical In Cigarettes?? There Are Almost 7360
Different Compounds Present In The Cigarette
Smoke. Nicotine Is An Obvious Chemical
Compound. Cigarettes Contain, On Average,
Around 10mg Of Nicotine. Nicotine Is Very Toxic
To Humans In High Doses – Much Higher Than
Those Obtained From Smoking Cigarettes.
Nicotine Is A Member Of The Alkaloid Family Of
Compounds.When one smokes, nicotine is absorbed
through the skin and Mucosal Lining Of The Mouth
And Nose Or By Inhalation In The Lungs. In The Brain,
Nicotine Increases The Level Of TheNeurotransmitter
Dopamine, Which Is A Chemical In The Brain
Responsible For Feelings Of Pleasure. The Acute
Effects Of Nicotine Subside Within Minutes,
9. There Are 3 Types Of Alcoholic Drinks Which Are Beer,
Wine And Spirits.All This Alcoholic Drinks Contain
Ethanol, Which Is One Type Of Alcohol.Alcohol’s
Direct Action On The Brain Is As A Depressant.
Itgenerally Decreases The Activity Of The Nervous
System. The Alcohol Inhibits Cells And Circuits In The
Brain Which Themselves Are Normally Inhibitory.
More Than 90% Of The Ethyl Alcohol Is
Completely Oxidized To Acetic Acid.This Process
Occurs Primarily In The Liver. The Remainder Of
The Alcohol Is Not Metabolized And Is Excreted
Either In The Sweat, Urine, Or Given Off In
One’s Breath. The Metabolism Pathways Of
Ethyl Alcohol In The Body Involve The Liver And
In Particular The Oxidation Of Ethyl Alcohol By
Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH).
CHEMISTRY OF ALCOHOLIC DRINKS
10. BODY COMPOSITION
Our Body Is A Fascinating Place.
Carbon And Oxygen Are The Two
Most Essential Elements Of The
Body. The Other Elements Which
Are Present In Our Body Are
Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Calcium, Potassium,
Sulfur, Magnesium, Etc.
65%
18%
10%
3% 4%
Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Others
ELEMENT PERCENTAGE FUNCTION
Oxygen (O) 65 Primary Solvent
Regulate Temperature & Osmotic Pressure
Carbon (C) 18 Energy Source
Building Blocks Of The Body
Hydrogen (H) 10 Present In Water And All Organic
Molecules
Nitrogen (N) 3 Found In Proteins And Nucleic Acids
BODY COMPOSITION
11. CHEMISTRY OF EMOTIONS
Whenever You Are Feeling Happy, Sad, Ecstatic,
Relaxed, Or Stressed, There Are Many Chemical
Reactions Taking Place In Your Body Due To
Chemical Messengers Called Neurotransmitters
Released In The Brain That You Can Fall In Love
And Cry Rivers Because Of Heartbreak.
Meanwhile, The ‘High’ Of Being In Love Is Due
To A Rush Of Phenylethylamine And Dopamine.
12. CHEMISTRY IN FOOD PRODUCTION
Plants Produce Food For Themselves Through Photosynthesis; Which
Is A Complex Chemical Reaction In Itself. The Chemical Reaction That
Takes Place In Photosynthesis Is The Most Common And Vital
Chemical Reaction. Animals Also Release Energy For Carrying Out
Daily Activities Through Similar Respiratory Chemical Reactions.
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Light → C 6H12O6 + 6 O2
13. CHEMISTRY OF SOAPS/DETERGENTS
Everyday While Washing Our Clothes We Use Soaps And
Detergents. These Are Made Of Chemical Ingredients.
Soaps Are Sodium Or Potassium Fatty Acids Salts,
Produced From The Hydrolysis Of Fats In A Chemical
Reaction Called Saponification.
Hydrocarbon Chain,Called
Soap Molecule Has A Long
Its
‘Tail’,With A Carboxylate ‘Head’.
In Water, The Sodium Or
Potassium Ions Float Free,
Leaving A Negatively-charged
Head. While Oil (Which Attracts
Dirt) Doesn’t Naturally Mix With
Water, Soap Can Suspend
Oil/Dirt In Such A Way That It
Can Be Removed
14. ICE FLOAT ON WATER
Can You Imagine How Different The
World Around You Would Be If Ice
Sank? For One Thing, Lakes Would
Freeze From The Bottom. Chemistry
Holds The Explanation For Why Ice
Floats While Most Other Substances
Sink When They Freeze. Ice Is Less
Dense Than Liquid Water. The
Heavier Water Displaces The Lighter
Ice, So Ice Floats On Top.
15. CHEMISTRY IN FOOD PRESERVATIVES
If We Read The Ingredients On The Bottle Of Ketchup, Jams Or Pickles,we See
The List Of Chemicals. These Are Called Food Preservatives; Which Delay The
Growth Of Microorganisms In Foods. These Food Preservatives Not Only
Prohibit The Growth Of Bacteria, Virus, Fungi But Also Hinder The Oxidation Of
Fats, Which Is Responsible For Making The Foods Rancid. The Most Common
Chemical Food Preservatives Are Sodium Benzoate, Sorbic Acid, Potassium
Sorbate, Calcium & Sodium Sorbate, Propionic Acid.
16. CHEMISTRY IN DIGESTION
After Putting Food In Our Mouth,different
Chemical Reactions Start In Our Digestive Tract.
Saliva Contains The Enzyme Amylase, Which Is
Responsible For Breaking Down Carbohydrates,
The Stomach Starts Producing Hydrochloric Acid,
The Liver Releases Bile And The List Of
Compounds Released During Digestion Goes On.
How Do They Work? All These Enzymes Undergo
Chemical Reactions So That Proper Digestion, As
Well As Assimilation Of The Food, Occurs.
Chemical Digestion Equation
17. THE WORKING OF A SUNSCREEN
Before Going Out On A Sunny Day,we Use
Sunscreen.Behind The Working Of A Sunscreen,
Has A Chemistry Background. The Sunscreen Uses
A Combination Of Organic And
Compounds To Act As A Filter For
Inorganic
Incoming
Ultraviolet Rays.
Sunblocks Scatter Away UV
Light; So That It Is Unable To
Penetrate Deep Into The
Skin. Sunblocks
Complex
Contain
Chemical
Compounds Like Zinc Oxide
Or Titanium Oxide, Which
Prevent The UV Rays To
Invade Deeper Into The Skin.
18. CHEMISTRY IN RUST FORMATION
Iron Instruments Start Developing An Orange-brown Flaky Coating
Called Rust. The Rusting Of Iron Is A Type Of Oxidation Reaction. The
Atoms In The Metal Iron Undergo Oxidation And Reduction; Causing
Rusting. The Formation Of Verdigris On Copper And The Tarnishing
Of Silver Are Also The Other Everyday Examples Of Chemical
Reactions. The Chemical Equation Underlying Rusting Is:
Fe + O2 + H2O → Fe2O3. XH2O
19. CHEMISTRY IN COSMETICS
Cosmetics Are Care Substances Designed To
Cleanse, Protect And Change The
Appearance Of External Parts Of Our Bodies.
They Are Generally Mixtures Of Chemical
Compounds, Some Being Derived From
Natural Sources And Many Being Synthetics.
Element Action
Emulsifier Increase Stability Of The Emulsion. E.g. Potassium CetylSulfate.
Preservatives These To Increase Shelf Life. E.g. Benzyl Alcohol, Salicylic Acid.
Thickeners These Give Appealing Consistency. E.g. Cetyl Alcohol, Stearic Acid.
Emollient These Soften The Skin. E.g. Glycerine, Zinc Oxide.
Glimmer And
Shiners
E.g. Mica, Bismuth Oxychloride.
Chemicals In Cosmetics
20. CHEMISTRY IN A PRESSURE COOKER
A Pressure Cooker Has A More Elaborated Lid That Seals The Pot
Completely. When We Heat Water It Boils And The Steam Cannot
Escape, So It Remains Inside And Starts To Build Up The Pressure.
Under Pressure, Cooking Temperatures Raise Much Higher Than
Under Normal Conditions, Hence The Food Is Cooked Much Faster.
This Signifies The Role Of Chemistry In Our Daily Life.
21. CHEMISTRY OF VEGETABLE COLOR
Vegetables And Fruits Are Colored Because
They Contain A Special Kind Of Chemical
Compound. The Wide Array Of Bright
Colors
Their
Main
That
Visual
Types
Give Fruits And Vegetables
Appeal Come From Three
Of Pigment: Carotenoids,
Which Give Orange And Yellow Vegetables
Their Colors; Flavonoids, Which Provide
Blue, Red And Cream Colors; And
Chlorophyll, Which Makes Greens
Green.This Is Where The Importance Of
Chemistry Can Be Revealed.
22. There Is A Chemical In Our Brain
Called Adenosine. It Binds To Certain
Receptors And Slows The Nerve Cell
Activity When Sleep Is Signaled. Its
All About Chemical Interaction.
TIME TO GO TO THE BED
23. Therefore One Can See That Chemistry Is
On The Whole In Everyday Life. Without
Chemistry Life Is Not Possible.Therefore
Chemistry Is The Great Way To Know The
Life In Better Way. If Anyone Think
Chemistry Before Doing Something, It
Would Be Helpful To Anyone. Therefore
Chemistry May Be Enjoyable To Anyone.
But Be Care About The Harmful Thing Of
Chemistry.
CONCLUSION
