2. The meaning of food
• Food supplies the body with energy
producing materials.
• Also it provides substances for the building
and maintenance of the body.
• Food regulates the body processes.
12. What is Health?
World health organization (WHO) defines
health as
“ a state of complete physical, mental and
social well being.”
It is not merely the absence of disease or
physical deformity.
13. Nutrients
• Nutrients are the basic constituents of food
that must be supplied to the body in
appropriate amounts.
• There are six different nutrients:
Carbohydrates and lipids, vitamins, mineral
sand water.
15. NUTRIENTS The
chemical substances that are required for
the production of energy for growth and
body building are called nutrients.
Examples: The nutrients we
require are carbohydrates ,proteins,lip
ids,vitamins and minerals.
16. MACRONUTRIENTS
Some of them are required in large
quantities and are therefore called
macronutrients. For example
carbohydrates and some minerals
like sodium are required in large
amounts.
17. MICRONUTRIENTS
Some of the nutrients are required in
small amounts often in micrograms
these are called Micronutrients .
Examples: Vitamins and minerals like
iron,molybdenum.
18. Carbohydrates : carbohydrates are a group of compounds
that contain carbon,hydrogen and oxygen. They are also called as
sugars.
Glucose formed from the hydrolysis of the complex carbohydrates is
used by the body for the production of energy.The importance of
carbohydrates in the diet need be stressed as you might have already
understood that they give energy and in their absence we get tired,
weak and may even faint.You might have seen sports persons taking
glucose.This is immediately absorbed and used by the body.
19. Proteins: Proteins are made up of Carbon
and Nitrogen . The proteins we eat in our diet are not
absorbed as such .They are broken down to amino
acids by the protein digesting enzymes in the
digestive system . Amino acids are then absorbed
from the intestine. The are 24 different amino acids
in nature and of these only 2 0 amino acids are
present in most of the proteins.Based on our
requirement ,amino acids have been divided two
groups
a) The first group of amino acids are called
ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS.”
b)The second group is known as NON-
ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS.
20. Milk,meat,eggs,cheese,fish are the rich sources
for proteins of animal origin. Legumes,cereals,bean
and nuts are good sources of plant proteins. Amino
acids derived from the dietary proteins are used once
again for synthesising proteins required for the
body.In extreme conditions,proteins may also be
used for the production of energy.
Cabbage Beetroot
Tomato
Potato
21. fats are made up of fatty acids and glycerol. Fats
are present in both in animal and plant foods.
Ghee,butter,milk, cheese,eggs and fat present in
meat ere the fats of animal origin.fats from plant
sources are usually used in the from of oils – oils
from groundnut,mustard,sesame,coconut,palm are
examples for fats of plant origin.Fats are chiefly used
in the body to generate energy.
Fats
22. Minerals:
More then 50 minerals can be found in human
body. They are required for growth,repair,regulation
of osmotic pressure and other vital
processes.Sodium ions maintain the osmotic balance
in the body and are also required for neuronal
activity.
Salt
23. CALCIUM:
Calcium is the major element required for the
body.It forms about 1.5 to 2% of the body weight in
an adult human being.Most of the calcium is present
in bones.it is required for the formation of
bones,teeth coagulation of blood,production of milk
in the lactating females and for muscle contraction.it
is available in milk,milk products ,green leafy
vegetables etc..We required about 400-
500milligrams of calcium per day
24. Classification of food
• Food is classified based on the
physiological functions.
• The foodstuff that contains larger
proportion of nutrients like carbohydrates
and lipids are called Energy yielding food.
25. Classification of food
• The food that contains greater proportions
of proteins, minerals and water is called
Body building food.
• The food that has higher amounts of
proteins, minerals, vitamins and some fat is
called Body regulating food.
26. Table 1. Food, nutrients and
their functions
Nutrients Functions Food
Carbohydrates, lipids Energy yielding Cereals, roots , tubers , dried
fruits sugars , fats , etc.,
Proteins , Minerals, Water Body Building Milk , meat, fish ,egg, pulses , oil
seeds, nuts, fish , liver oil, etc.,
Proteins, Minerals, Water ,
Vitamins
Regulating Milk, egg, green leaves, fruits
etc.,
