Chemistry presentation
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The document discusses the chemistry behind the functioning of light bulbs. It explains that Thomas Edison invented the light bulb and that the thinness of the filament is important for emitting more energy. Scientists tried different substances for the filament to increase longevity, and also attempted replacing oxygen with nitrogen and adding more argon in the bulb. When argon hits the bulb wall, it raises the temperature, and the tighter the atoms are packed, the more sustained the energy release.
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This document provides an overview of an online portal called "Science for Fun" that aims to educate students and educators about alternative energy sources and Singapore's current energy situation. The portal will contain introductory content on Singapore's energy dependency and classifications of energy sources. It will also feature case studies and project examples from places like Ngee Ann Polytechnic. In addition, the portal will include educational games and activities to raise interest in energy topics. The activities section will differentiate between educator-led school experiments and unsupervised home experiments. The goal is to promote understanding and innovation around alternative energies.
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On December 1, 1958, a devastating fire broke out at Our Lady of Angels School in Chicago's Humboldt Park area. The two-story building, constructed using old brick methods, contained over 500 students, faculty members, and other visitors when the fire started around 2:30pm. The fire spread rapidly, trapping many on the second floor. By the time firefighters arrived and brought the blaze under control, 95 people had lost their lives - 92 students and 3 nuns. Dozens more were injured, many with severe burns and broken bones from jumping from the windows. The fire was deadlier due to the school's failure to comply with fire codes by not having proper fire alarms, sprinklers, or fire doors.
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3) Conductors allow the flow of electricity, heat, or sound while insulators do not conduct these.
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This document discusses the science of ballistics and its application in crime scene analysis. It explains the different types of ballistics including internal, transition, external, and terminal ballistics. Ballistics analysis examines bullets and tool marks to match guns to bullets and link suspects to crimes. Scientists use comparison microscopes and pressed marking analysis, applying chemicals to reveal filed-off serial numbers and match bullets to weapons. This information helps investigators solve crimes by linking physical evidence like bullets and casings to specific firearms and individuals.
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This document provides an introduction to molecular orbital theory (MOT), which describes bonding between atoms using molecular orbitals formed from the combination of atomic orbitals. MOT allows prediction of electron distribution, molecular properties like shape and magnetism, and bond order strength. Principles of MOT include molecular orbitals having lower energy than separated atoms, causing electrons to prefer molecular bonds. Sigma and pi bonds are discussed, with sigma bonds symmetrical along the axis and pi bonds having side-by-side overlap with electron density above and below the axis. Bond order is calculated using the number of electrons in bonding and antibonding orbitals and indicates bond strength, with higher bond order meaning stronger, more stable bonds.
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This document provides an overview of an online portal called "Science for Fun" that aims to educate students and educators about alternative energy sources and Singapore's current energy situation. The portal will contain introductory content on Singapore's energy dependency and classifications of energy sources. It will also feature case studies and project examples from places like Ngee Ann Polytechnic. In addition, the portal will include educational games and activities to raise interest in energy topics. The activities section will differentiate between educator-led school experiments and unsupervised home experiments. The goal is to promote understanding and innovation around alternative energies.
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3) Conductors allow the flow of electricity, heat, or sound while insulators do not conduct these.
4) Series and parallel circuits differ in whether they provide one or multiple paths for electric current.
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Carbon is essential for all life and circulates between the atmosphere, organisms, oceans, and Earth's crust through the carbon cycle. The carbon cycle involves carbon dioxide being taken up by plants through photosynthesis and used to fuel their growth, then released back into the air by animals and decomposers or stored long-term in fossil fuels and ocean sinks. Carbon is constantly circulating between the air, living things, and Earth's surface over many thousands of years through natural processes that sustain life.
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This document provides an introduction to molecular orbital theory (MOT), which describes bonding between atoms using molecular orbitals formed from the combination of atomic orbitals. MOT allows prediction of electron distribution, molecular properties like shape and magnetism, and bond order strength. Principles of MOT include molecular orbitals having lower energy than separated atoms, causing electrons to prefer molecular bonds. Sigma and pi bonds are discussed, with sigma bonds symmetrical along the axis and pi bonds having side-by-side overlap with electron density above and below the axis. Bond order is calculated using the number of electrons in bonding and antibonding orbitals and indicates bond strength, with higher bond order meaning stronger, more stable bonds.
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This document proposes an online portal called "Science for Fun" that provides educational resources about alternative energy sources for students and educators in Singapore. The portal aims to help users understand Singapore's current energy situation and dependence on fossil fuels, as well as encourage innovation. It will feature introductory content on energy classifications and case studies sourced from an existing wiki. It will also include games to raise interest and hands-on activity ideas that can be done at home or in school, such as instructions for building a simple solar cooker out of a pizza box. The overall goal is to make learning about energy sources engaging and fun.
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Nuclear energy involves splitting atoms to create huge amounts of heat, which is used to heat water into steam to power turbines and generate electricity. It has benefits like being emission-free and providing low-cost electricity but also risks like nuclear disasters and nuclear waste that takes thousands of years to decompose. Recent events like the Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan show that accidental meltdowns can overheat reactors and release radiation into the environment when cooling systems fail. While nuclear energy has environmental advantages over other sources, safety and waste disposal remain ongoing concerns.
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Fusion energy involves combining two atomic nuclei to release massive amounts of energy. Traditionally this is done through the fusion of deuterium and tritium isotopes of hydrogen. While fusion has the potential to be a clean source of energy unlike fossil fuels, attempts at achieving self-sustaining fusion reactions have been unsuccessful since the 1950s and have cost the US government over $20 billion in research so far. Fusion also requires extremely high temperatures to initiate the nuclear reaction and produces radioactive waste like other nuclear technologies.
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The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
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spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
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Chemistry presentation
- 1. Chemistry of the Light Bulb By: Phillip Ndowu
- 3. Chemistry O Thomas Edison invited the light bulb O The filament of the bulb is important to the function O The thinner the filament, the more energy is emitted
- 4. Chemistry O Tungsten sublimes making is easier for the filament to burn out easier O Scientists tried different substances that would last longer O They also tried to replace oxygen with nitrogen and more argon
- 6. Chemistry O When the argon hits the wall of the bulb, it raises the temperature O The tighter the atoms are, the more sustained the energy is
- 8. Works Cited O "Producing Light." Union. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. http://www1.union.edu/newmanj/Physics100/Light%20Production/producing_lig ht.htm>. O Rohrig, Brian. "Chemistry of the Light Bulb: Still a Bright Idea." Free Republic. Plan Book, n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. <http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=14&ved=0 CIQBEBYwDQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffiles.planbookedu.com%2F128250%2F5946 3%2Fphy_ChemistryofLightbulb.pdf&ei=FT9LU- GZIKeA2gXs0ID4CQ&usg=AFQjCNFU4P0gjk7Ni4snaYac5VMwee_fPA&sig2=WRCC aJf_2wfHC5szUYRf9g&bvm=bv.64542518,d.b2I>. O Uva, Enrico. "The Chemistry of Light Bulbs." Science 2.0. ION, n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. <http://www.science20.com/chemical_education/chemistry_light_bulbs— and_why_cfls_are_overrated-77526>.