The document discusses best management practices for managing wash water runoff from pressure washing and vehicle detailing. It provides an overview of regulations under the Clean Water Act regarding discharging wash water and wastewater. It also defines key terms and discusses proper containment and disposal of wash water, including discharge to sanitary sewers or transporting offsite to authorized facilities.
This document provides an overview of significant events and regulations affecting the mobile power washing industry, including:
- The Clean Water Act of 1972 established regulations on discharging pollutants into waterways and required municipalities to assess their environmental impact.
- Enforcement of these regulations increased in the late 1980s and early 1990s with cities passing ordinances banning off-property discharge and requiring wastewater be directed to sanitary sewers.
- The NPDES permit system required cities over 250,000 people to obtain permits by 1992 and over 100,000 people by 1993, with Phase II in 2003 covering smaller municipalities. These regulate stormwater and wastewater discharges.
San Antonio Environmental Seminar August 2006rahsco3
The document summarizes regulations and best management practices (BMPs) for mobile power washing businesses. It discusses the Clean Water Act and how it prohibits discharging pollutants into waterways without a permit. It outlines BMPs like containing wash water onsite and discharging only drinking water quality wastewater to sanitary sewers to avoid fines for off-property discharges. The document provides an overview of the NPDES permitting system and its phases that regulate stormwater runoff.
This document provides 10 rules for organizing effective grassroots campaigns. Rule #1 is to stand up to bullies, as some in government or development will try to intimidate and silence opposition through lies, changing meeting times, withholding information, and speaking harshly. Rule #2 is to ignore "babysitters" within volunteer groups who may try to stop you from pushing an issue. Rule #3 advises to learn all rules and regulations regarding an issue and ensure they are followed.
Elected officials have legal responsibilities and potential liability when managing water and wastewater treatment. Two case studies are described where municipalities were held criminally and civilly liable for incidents that polluted water sources and harmed public health. These cases illustrate that elected officials can be held responsible by courts and regulators for safely operating water and wastewater systems and protecting public health. Ongoing education is important for understanding legal responsibilities in this highly regulated field.
The document defines key terms related to water and air pollution such as sewage, industrial waste, and atmospheric air. It establishes a National Water and Air Pollution Control Commission to enforce pollution standards and issue permits. The Commission is authorized to investigate pollution, hold hearings, institute legal proceedings against violators, and impose penalties up to $5,000 and 6 years imprisonment. Polluters are also liable for damages to aquatic life and habitats.
Urban Water Quality Issues - Assisting Municipalities in Implementing NPDES P...nacaa
The document discusses strategies for assisting municipalities in implementing NPDES Phase II stormwater programs. It outlines the challenges small communities face in complying with permit requirements and providing expertise. It recommends providing turn-key training, workshops in convenient locations, guidance and examples to help communities understand requirements and improve practices like pollution prevention and illicit discharge detection. The training programs held workshops that 522 people attended and helped communities address issues like vehicle washing discharges and spill prevention.
This document discusses regulations regarding the recycling of spent batteries. It explains that battery owners must properly dispose of used batteries through approved recycling facilities to avoid legal penalties. The document outlines various US laws governing hazardous waste and battery recycling, including the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, and the Superfund Recycling Equity Act. It emphasizes that battery recycling helps the environment and reduces legal liabilities for businesses.
This document provides an overview of the legal framework and efforts around river rejuvenation in India. It discusses the major issues facing rivers in India like increasing pollution and decreasing water levels. It outlines several key laws and acts related to water pollution prevention and control. It also examines some important legal cases that have helped enforce environmental protections. Overall, the document analyzes the status of rivers in India, the role of law and legal awareness, and efforts by various agencies to promote river conservation and rejuvenation.
This document provides an overview of significant events and regulations affecting the mobile power washing industry, including:
- The Clean Water Act of 1972 established regulations on discharging pollutants into waterways and required municipalities to assess their environmental impact.
- Enforcement of these regulations increased in the late 1980s and early 1990s with cities passing ordinances banning off-property discharge and requiring wastewater be directed to sanitary sewers.
- The NPDES permit system required cities over 250,000 people to obtain permits by 1992 and over 100,000 people by 1993, with Phase II in 2003 covering smaller municipalities. These regulate stormwater and wastewater discharges.
San Antonio Environmental Seminar August 2006rahsco3
The document summarizes regulations and best management practices (BMPs) for mobile power washing businesses. It discusses the Clean Water Act and how it prohibits discharging pollutants into waterways without a permit. It outlines BMPs like containing wash water onsite and discharging only drinking water quality wastewater to sanitary sewers to avoid fines for off-property discharges. The document provides an overview of the NPDES permitting system and its phases that regulate stormwater runoff.
This document provides 10 rules for organizing effective grassroots campaigns. Rule #1 is to stand up to bullies, as some in government or development will try to intimidate and silence opposition through lies, changing meeting times, withholding information, and speaking harshly. Rule #2 is to ignore "babysitters" within volunteer groups who may try to stop you from pushing an issue. Rule #3 advises to learn all rules and regulations regarding an issue and ensure they are followed.
Elected officials have legal responsibilities and potential liability when managing water and wastewater treatment. Two case studies are described where municipalities were held criminally and civilly liable for incidents that polluted water sources and harmed public health. These cases illustrate that elected officials can be held responsible by courts and regulators for safely operating water and wastewater systems and protecting public health. Ongoing education is important for understanding legal responsibilities in this highly regulated field.
The document defines key terms related to water and air pollution such as sewage, industrial waste, and atmospheric air. It establishes a National Water and Air Pollution Control Commission to enforce pollution standards and issue permits. The Commission is authorized to investigate pollution, hold hearings, institute legal proceedings against violators, and impose penalties up to $5,000 and 6 years imprisonment. Polluters are also liable for damages to aquatic life and habitats.
Urban Water Quality Issues - Assisting Municipalities in Implementing NPDES P...nacaa
The document discusses strategies for assisting municipalities in implementing NPDES Phase II stormwater programs. It outlines the challenges small communities face in complying with permit requirements and providing expertise. It recommends providing turn-key training, workshops in convenient locations, guidance and examples to help communities understand requirements and improve practices like pollution prevention and illicit discharge detection. The training programs held workshops that 522 people attended and helped communities address issues like vehicle washing discharges and spill prevention.
This document discusses regulations regarding the recycling of spent batteries. It explains that battery owners must properly dispose of used batteries through approved recycling facilities to avoid legal penalties. The document outlines various US laws governing hazardous waste and battery recycling, including the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, and the Superfund Recycling Equity Act. It emphasizes that battery recycling helps the environment and reduces legal liabilities for businesses.
This document provides an overview of the legal framework and efforts around river rejuvenation in India. It discusses the major issues facing rivers in India like increasing pollution and decreasing water levels. It outlines several key laws and acts related to water pollution prevention and control. It also examines some important legal cases that have helped enforce environmental protections. Overall, the document analyzes the status of rivers in India, the role of law and legal awareness, and efforts by various agencies to promote river conservation and rejuvenation.
The document discusses the history and regulation of stormwater pollution in the United States. It outlines key events in the Clean Water Act that led to stormwater being defined as a point source pollution in 1987. It also describes the EPA's NPDES permitting programs for municipal stormwater systems and construction sites that have phased in regulation of large and small entities since 1990. The document closes by discussing current issues like setting effluent limits, implementing total maximum daily loads, and exploring options to reduce urban stormwater runoff volume.
EPA Region 6 MS4 Ordinances for Pressure Power Wash Cosmetic Cleaning presented in Waco, TX July 15, 2008. Summaries the Cosmetic Cleaning Ordinances of EPA Region 6 and there effect on the pollutants in the Storm Drains.
The document summarizes the history and evolution of stormwater management regulations in the United States from the 1940s to present. It discusses the key laws passed including the Clean Water Act and its amendments. It describes the development of NPDES permitting programs for municipal separate storm sewer systems and the establishment of effluent limitation guidelines and best management practices for stormwater. It also discusses the concept of "maximum extent practicable" in regulating stormwater discharges.
Three key federal laws regulate water and wastewater treatment:
1. The Clean Water Act establishes water quality standards and regulates discharges into surface waters through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permitting program. It also requires the establishment of Total Maximum Daily Loads for impaired waters.
2. The Safe Drinking Water Act regulates public water systems and establishes maximum contaminant levels for over 100 drinking water contaminants. It requires water systems to monitor contaminant levels and report results.
3. States are primarily responsible for enforcing these laws and must adopt regulations that are at least as stringent as the federal standards. Compliance involves obtaining proper permits, meeting discharge limits, monitoring and reporting water quality data, ensuring treatment
1. The document discusses recommendations for addressing the environmental and public health impacts of hydraulic fracturing. It outlines two policy options - mandating disclosure of fracking fluid chemicals or taxing water consumption in fracking.
2. It provides background on the history and rapid expansion of fracking since 2003. While fracking has economic benefits, there are concerns about potential long-term environmental impacts on water.
3. The first recommended policy option is to incentivize fracking companies to disclose the components of their fracking fluids to increase transparency and public trust. A six-month period would allow companies to modify potentially toxic chemicals before full disclosure is mandated.
The document discusses Wisconsin's universal waste rule (UWR) and special waste program. The UWR aims to promote recycling of commonly generated hazardous wastes like batteries, pesticides, mercury thermostats, and fluorescent bulbs. It provides reduced regulatory requirements for these wastes to encourage proper management. Wisconsin has expanded the list of wastes covered to include additional mercury-containing items. The special waste program coordinates the inclusion of other materials and aims to ban certain wastes from landfill disposal to promote recycling and remove toxins from the waste stream.
Running head DRAFT OF THE FINAL WRITING PROJECT DRAFT OF THE FI.docxcharisellington63520
Running head: DRAFT OF THE FINAL WRITING PROJECT
DRAFT OF THE FINAL WRITING PROJECT 8
Draft of the Final Writing Project
Heather Fuller
LS302: Environmental Law and Policy
November 08, 2015
RRE International wants to begin the construction and operation of the smelter in the City of Riverside. There is the need for the company to get permits for its operation as it intends to build and operate the smelter, construct outfalls that will discharge into the Long Trout River, and store and transport the hazardous waste.
The paper will look at various issues that might come up with the building of the facility in that area. The issues include the opposition from residents living within the surrounding community who might oppose the facility from being built in that area. The other issue is the concerns of the reactions from local and state officials to locating this facility in their area. Another issue that will be discussed is the possible contamination of soil and river that will raise concern from the citizens.
Another issue of concern will be the air quality of the area due to building of the facility.
The paper will also look at some of the permits that will need to be pulled before the facility is set up. The environmental acts involved in the building of the facility will also be highlighted. Finally, there will be a discussion of the development and fostering of relations with government officials.
Permits and needs for the permits
There are several permits that RRE International will require to obtain before they begin the construction and operation of the smelter company they want to set up in the City of Riverside. One of the permits is the building and construction permit which is the formal permission to start the construction, demolition, addition or renovation of property. The other permit is the business license that is needed for entities that are carrying out business in the limits of a city. The other required permit is the certificate of disclosure of hazardous substances. This requires those businesses which handle hazardous materials to report the information to implementing agencies. The facility is also required to fill a Business Emergency/Contingency Plan so as to develop an emergency plan.
Another requirement is the land use permit/zoning clearance is needed to allow specific types of development. Land use permit is required for the zoning of a site. There is also a requirement for police regulations or public safety. The city of Riverside has an ordinance that requires the facility to get a permit to have an entry alarm. The facility requires obtaining a fictitious business name since the organization’s business name does not contain the surname of its owners. Another permit required is the hazardous material/waste generation program which is to be filled if an organization ha.
Environmental Issues in Real Estate Transactions Polsinelli PC
Presentation covers basics of environmental law applicable to real estate transactions including key statutes, important liability defenses or "safe harbors", role of due diligence, and how much diligence is required, contractual provision and resources to address environmental issues and keep the deal alive.
The EPA finalized a rule establishing pretreatment standards for wastewater from unconventional oil and gas extraction facilities being discharged to municipal sewage treatment plants. The rule prevents the discharge of pollutants from these wastewaters in order to protect human health and the environment as well as prevent disruptions to sewage treatment plant operations. The pretreatment standards require zero discharge of pollutants from unconventional oil and gas extraction facilities to sewage treatment plants and take effect 60 days after publication.
The document discusses point source water pollution and regulations. It provides background on key policies and acts related to water quality regulation, such as the Clean Water Act. It also summarizes different regulatory approaches for point sources, including command-and-control regulations and market-based mechanisms like effluent taxes and tradable permit systems. Overall, the document presents an overview of point source pollution issues and the evolution of policies in the United States to regulate industrial and municipal wastewater discharges.
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) is the principal US law governing solid and hazardous waste disposal. Enacted in 1976, RCRA aims to protect human health and the environment from waste hazards by regulating waste from "cradle to grave", including generation, transportation, treatment, storage, and disposal. RCRA addresses both hazardous and non-hazardous waste, and gives the EPA authority to implement regulations around waste management. RCRA has been amended over time to expand its scope and strengthen protections.
The document discusses household sewage treatment systems (HSTS) and their impact on storm water pollution. It provides an overview of Franklin County and township storm water programs, which work to comply with EPA regulations and protect water quality. The programs identify failing HSTS through activities like dry weather screening and work to eliminate systems causing public health risks. The document outlines the health risks of untreated sewage, requirements for HSTS owners, and the process underway to identify and address failing systems in areas of highest concern.
This document provides information on Colombia's environmental regime for foreign investors, including:
1) Colombia has a National Environmental System consisting of government agencies like the Ministry of Environment and regional environmental authorities that regulate environmental matters.
2) There is also a National System of Protected Areas where certain activities are prohibited or restricted to protect conservation areas.
3) Projects that may impact the environment require an environmental license from the relevant authorities, which establishes permits and environmental measures that must be followed.
LIVING WITH THE EARTHCHAPTER 13ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS & COMP.docxcroysierkathey
LIVING WITH THE EARTH
CHAPTER 13
ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
& COMPLIANCE
Page
Objectives for this Chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
1. Discuss how a law is made and describe the system of environmental laws.
2. List and describe the major components of the major federal environmental laws including: RCRA, CERCLA, EPCRA,SARA Title III, Pollution Prevention Act, CAA, CWA, SDWA, stormwater regulations, pesticide regulations, and underground storage tank regulations.
Objectives for this Chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
3. Describe and discuss the major components of environmental compliance.
The Making of a Law
Bill is first introduced into house and senate;
Referred to subcommittee for review and support;
90% fail at this level
Recommended bills are brought forward for hearings and comment;
Committee meets to mark up (discuss) bill and vote on it;
If still found favorable, bill is sent to full chamber;
The Making of a Law (cont.)
The bill is then sent to the Rules committee of House where a time limit is set for debate and other rules are set.
The bill is also sent to the Senate where unrelated riders may be attached to a popular bill.
House and Senate usually make changes in the bill before passing, and the different versions are sent to a conference committee for resolution.
BILL
SENATE
HOUSE
Rules committee
BILL
BILL
Senate version
House version
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
The Making of a Law (cont.)
If a resolution is accepted and the same version is approved by both House and Senate, the bill moves forward to the President who may sign or veto it.
Congress can override a veto by 2/3rds majority, but this is difficult to do.
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
BILL
SENATE
HOUSE
If both Chambers approve final version, the bill is sent forward to the president
Veto?
Sign?
PRESIDENT
Page
Common Themes Among Environmental Laws
EIGHT GENERIC COMPLIANCE OBLIGATIONS
1. Notification requirements
2. Discharge or waste controls
3. Process controls and pollution prevention
4. Product controls
5. Regulation of activities
6. Safe transportation requirements
7. Response and remediation requirements
8. Compensation requirements
Environmental Laws are Part of a System
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENCOMPASSES ALL THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION THAT COMES FROM:
U.S. CONSTITUTION AND STATE CONSTITUTIONS
FEDERAL AND STATE STATUTES AND LOCAL ORDINANCES
REGULATIONS PUBLISHED BY FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL AGENCIES
PRESIDENTIAL EXECUTIVE ORDERS
COURT DECISIONS INTERPRETING THESE LAWS
THE COMMON LAW
Executive Orders
These are orders issued by the president and require federal facilities to comply and provide leadership in protecting the environment. More than 18 executive orders have been issued since 1970.
Common Law
A body of rules and principles that pertain to the government and the security of persons and property.
Basic rules originally developed in England and t ...
The document discusses stormwater pollution from failing household sewage treatment systems (HSTS) in Franklin County, Ohio. It outlines the county and township stormwater program, which works to identify and eliminate failing HSTS through annual inspections, dry weather screening of storm sewers, and requiring repairs or replacements of systems found to be causing public health nuisances. Residents are encouraged to report any signs of sewage in waterways or storm drains to help identify and address sources of pollution.
1
NAME OF REGISTRANT: Chevron (CVX)
Sisters of St. Francis of Philadelphia:
609 South Convent Road, Aston, PA 19014
Written materials are submitted pursuant to Rule 14a-6(g)(1) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934. Submission is not required of this filer under the terms of the Rule, but is made voluntarily in the
interest of public disclosure and consideration of these important issues.
The Sisters of St. Francis of Philadelphia and fourteen other co-filers urge you to vote FOR Proposal # 10 at the
Chevron Annual Meeting on May 25
th
.
Proposal # 10 on Chevron’s 2016 Proxy Statement:
Argument in Favor
Hydraulic fracturing operations pose significant environmental and social impacts and risks, leading to financial
risks for companies due to increased community opposition and regulatory scrutiny. Shareholder proposals
requesting enhanced reporting on this issue continue to earn support from 25-33% of shareholders, indicating
sustained concern from shareholders about the inadequacy of existing company risk management disclosures.
Currently, Chevron is not providing investors with a set of metrics sufficient to assess the risks and impacts
associated with the company’s hydraulic fracturing operations. This memo contextualizes the issues of concern
and outlines specific key areas of inadequate disclosure by Chevron.
Chevron is among the top 10 natural gas producers in the United States, yet fails to comprehensively disclose
the impacts of its hydraulic fracturing operations on air, water, land, and communities to shareholders. In
comparison with its peers, Chevron provides very little data on its website and 10-K on key environmental and
social indicators. Absent quantitative disclosure from the company regarding its environmental and community
impacts, shareholders are unable to rigorously assess the risks that may be associated with those impacts.
Consequently, the resolved clause of the Proposal asks Chevron’s board to report-- via quantitative indicators--
on the results of company policies and practices, above and beyond regulatory requirements, to minimize
potential adverse impacts on local communities and water resources. The supporting statement suggests this
CHEVRON SHAREHOLDER PROPOSAL #10
Chevron Fails to Disclose Quantitative Risk Metrics Associated with Hydraulic Fracturing
2
reporting be done by relevant geographic region – such as per ‘shale play’, because so many impacts, especially
those related to water quantity and quality, are regional in nature, addressing at a minimum:
• Quantity of fresh water used for shale operations by region, including source
• Percentage of recycled water used by region;
• Systematic post-drilling groundwater quality assessments;
• Percentage of drilling residuals managed in closed-loop systems;
• Goals to eliminate the use of open pits for storage of drilling fluid and flowback water, wi ...
The document discusses household sewage treatment systems and their impact on stormwater pollution. It provides an overview of Franklin County and township stormwater programs, which work to comply with EPA permits and protect water quality. The programs identify and eliminate failing household sewage systems, which can contaminate drinking water and pose health risks if untreated sewage is discharged. The cleanup process will take years to investigate highest risk areas and help homeowners repair or replace failing systems.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
The document discusses the history and regulation of stormwater pollution in the United States. It outlines key events in the Clean Water Act that led to stormwater being defined as a point source pollution in 1987. It also describes the EPA's NPDES permitting programs for municipal stormwater systems and construction sites that have phased in regulation of large and small entities since 1990. The document closes by discussing current issues like setting effluent limits, implementing total maximum daily loads, and exploring options to reduce urban stormwater runoff volume.
EPA Region 6 MS4 Ordinances for Pressure Power Wash Cosmetic Cleaning presented in Waco, TX July 15, 2008. Summaries the Cosmetic Cleaning Ordinances of EPA Region 6 and there effect on the pollutants in the Storm Drains.
The document summarizes the history and evolution of stormwater management regulations in the United States from the 1940s to present. It discusses the key laws passed including the Clean Water Act and its amendments. It describes the development of NPDES permitting programs for municipal separate storm sewer systems and the establishment of effluent limitation guidelines and best management practices for stormwater. It also discusses the concept of "maximum extent practicable" in regulating stormwater discharges.
Three key federal laws regulate water and wastewater treatment:
1. The Clean Water Act establishes water quality standards and regulates discharges into surface waters through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permitting program. It also requires the establishment of Total Maximum Daily Loads for impaired waters.
2. The Safe Drinking Water Act regulates public water systems and establishes maximum contaminant levels for over 100 drinking water contaminants. It requires water systems to monitor contaminant levels and report results.
3. States are primarily responsible for enforcing these laws and must adopt regulations that are at least as stringent as the federal standards. Compliance involves obtaining proper permits, meeting discharge limits, monitoring and reporting water quality data, ensuring treatment
1. The document discusses recommendations for addressing the environmental and public health impacts of hydraulic fracturing. It outlines two policy options - mandating disclosure of fracking fluid chemicals or taxing water consumption in fracking.
2. It provides background on the history and rapid expansion of fracking since 2003. While fracking has economic benefits, there are concerns about potential long-term environmental impacts on water.
3. The first recommended policy option is to incentivize fracking companies to disclose the components of their fracking fluids to increase transparency and public trust. A six-month period would allow companies to modify potentially toxic chemicals before full disclosure is mandated.
The document discusses Wisconsin's universal waste rule (UWR) and special waste program. The UWR aims to promote recycling of commonly generated hazardous wastes like batteries, pesticides, mercury thermostats, and fluorescent bulbs. It provides reduced regulatory requirements for these wastes to encourage proper management. Wisconsin has expanded the list of wastes covered to include additional mercury-containing items. The special waste program coordinates the inclusion of other materials and aims to ban certain wastes from landfill disposal to promote recycling and remove toxins from the waste stream.
Running head DRAFT OF THE FINAL WRITING PROJECT DRAFT OF THE FI.docxcharisellington63520
Running head: DRAFT OF THE FINAL WRITING PROJECT
DRAFT OF THE FINAL WRITING PROJECT 8
Draft of the Final Writing Project
Heather Fuller
LS302: Environmental Law and Policy
November 08, 2015
RRE International wants to begin the construction and operation of the smelter in the City of Riverside. There is the need for the company to get permits for its operation as it intends to build and operate the smelter, construct outfalls that will discharge into the Long Trout River, and store and transport the hazardous waste.
The paper will look at various issues that might come up with the building of the facility in that area. The issues include the opposition from residents living within the surrounding community who might oppose the facility from being built in that area. The other issue is the concerns of the reactions from local and state officials to locating this facility in their area. Another issue that will be discussed is the possible contamination of soil and river that will raise concern from the citizens.
Another issue of concern will be the air quality of the area due to building of the facility.
The paper will also look at some of the permits that will need to be pulled before the facility is set up. The environmental acts involved in the building of the facility will also be highlighted. Finally, there will be a discussion of the development and fostering of relations with government officials.
Permits and needs for the permits
There are several permits that RRE International will require to obtain before they begin the construction and operation of the smelter company they want to set up in the City of Riverside. One of the permits is the building and construction permit which is the formal permission to start the construction, demolition, addition or renovation of property. The other permit is the business license that is needed for entities that are carrying out business in the limits of a city. The other required permit is the certificate of disclosure of hazardous substances. This requires those businesses which handle hazardous materials to report the information to implementing agencies. The facility is also required to fill a Business Emergency/Contingency Plan so as to develop an emergency plan.
Another requirement is the land use permit/zoning clearance is needed to allow specific types of development. Land use permit is required for the zoning of a site. There is also a requirement for police regulations or public safety. The city of Riverside has an ordinance that requires the facility to get a permit to have an entry alarm. The facility requires obtaining a fictitious business name since the organization’s business name does not contain the surname of its owners. Another permit required is the hazardous material/waste generation program which is to be filled if an organization ha.
Environmental Issues in Real Estate Transactions Polsinelli PC
Presentation covers basics of environmental law applicable to real estate transactions including key statutes, important liability defenses or "safe harbors", role of due diligence, and how much diligence is required, contractual provision and resources to address environmental issues and keep the deal alive.
The EPA finalized a rule establishing pretreatment standards for wastewater from unconventional oil and gas extraction facilities being discharged to municipal sewage treatment plants. The rule prevents the discharge of pollutants from these wastewaters in order to protect human health and the environment as well as prevent disruptions to sewage treatment plant operations. The pretreatment standards require zero discharge of pollutants from unconventional oil and gas extraction facilities to sewage treatment plants and take effect 60 days after publication.
The document discusses point source water pollution and regulations. It provides background on key policies and acts related to water quality regulation, such as the Clean Water Act. It also summarizes different regulatory approaches for point sources, including command-and-control regulations and market-based mechanisms like effluent taxes and tradable permit systems. Overall, the document presents an overview of point source pollution issues and the evolution of policies in the United States to regulate industrial and municipal wastewater discharges.
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) is the principal US law governing solid and hazardous waste disposal. Enacted in 1976, RCRA aims to protect human health and the environment from waste hazards by regulating waste from "cradle to grave", including generation, transportation, treatment, storage, and disposal. RCRA addresses both hazardous and non-hazardous waste, and gives the EPA authority to implement regulations around waste management. RCRA has been amended over time to expand its scope and strengthen protections.
The document discusses household sewage treatment systems (HSTS) and their impact on storm water pollution. It provides an overview of Franklin County and township storm water programs, which work to comply with EPA regulations and protect water quality. The programs identify failing HSTS through activities like dry weather screening and work to eliminate systems causing public health risks. The document outlines the health risks of untreated sewage, requirements for HSTS owners, and the process underway to identify and address failing systems in areas of highest concern.
This document provides information on Colombia's environmental regime for foreign investors, including:
1) Colombia has a National Environmental System consisting of government agencies like the Ministry of Environment and regional environmental authorities that regulate environmental matters.
2) There is also a National System of Protected Areas where certain activities are prohibited or restricted to protect conservation areas.
3) Projects that may impact the environment require an environmental license from the relevant authorities, which establishes permits and environmental measures that must be followed.
LIVING WITH THE EARTHCHAPTER 13ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS & COMP.docxcroysierkathey
LIVING WITH THE EARTH
CHAPTER 13
ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
& COMPLIANCE
Page
Objectives for this Chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
1. Discuss how a law is made and describe the system of environmental laws.
2. List and describe the major components of the major federal environmental laws including: RCRA, CERCLA, EPCRA,SARA Title III, Pollution Prevention Act, CAA, CWA, SDWA, stormwater regulations, pesticide regulations, and underground storage tank regulations.
Objectives for this Chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
3. Describe and discuss the major components of environmental compliance.
The Making of a Law
Bill is first introduced into house and senate;
Referred to subcommittee for review and support;
90% fail at this level
Recommended bills are brought forward for hearings and comment;
Committee meets to mark up (discuss) bill and vote on it;
If still found favorable, bill is sent to full chamber;
The Making of a Law (cont.)
The bill is then sent to the Rules committee of House where a time limit is set for debate and other rules are set.
The bill is also sent to the Senate where unrelated riders may be attached to a popular bill.
House and Senate usually make changes in the bill before passing, and the different versions are sent to a conference committee for resolution.
BILL
SENATE
HOUSE
Rules committee
BILL
BILL
Senate version
House version
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
The Making of a Law (cont.)
If a resolution is accepted and the same version is approved by both House and Senate, the bill moves forward to the President who may sign or veto it.
Congress can override a veto by 2/3rds majority, but this is difficult to do.
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
BILL
SENATE
HOUSE
If both Chambers approve final version, the bill is sent forward to the president
Veto?
Sign?
PRESIDENT
Page
Common Themes Among Environmental Laws
EIGHT GENERIC COMPLIANCE OBLIGATIONS
1. Notification requirements
2. Discharge or waste controls
3. Process controls and pollution prevention
4. Product controls
5. Regulation of activities
6. Safe transportation requirements
7. Response and remediation requirements
8. Compensation requirements
Environmental Laws are Part of a System
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENCOMPASSES ALL THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION THAT COMES FROM:
U.S. CONSTITUTION AND STATE CONSTITUTIONS
FEDERAL AND STATE STATUTES AND LOCAL ORDINANCES
REGULATIONS PUBLISHED BY FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL AGENCIES
PRESIDENTIAL EXECUTIVE ORDERS
COURT DECISIONS INTERPRETING THESE LAWS
THE COMMON LAW
Executive Orders
These are orders issued by the president and require federal facilities to comply and provide leadership in protecting the environment. More than 18 executive orders have been issued since 1970.
Common Law
A body of rules and principles that pertain to the government and the security of persons and property.
Basic rules originally developed in England and t ...
The document discusses stormwater pollution from failing household sewage treatment systems (HSTS) in Franklin County, Ohio. It outlines the county and township stormwater program, which works to identify and eliminate failing HSTS through annual inspections, dry weather screening of storm sewers, and requiring repairs or replacements of systems found to be causing public health nuisances. Residents are encouraged to report any signs of sewage in waterways or storm drains to help identify and address sources of pollution.
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NAME OF REGISTRANT: Chevron (CVX)
Sisters of St. Francis of Philadelphia:
609 South Convent Road, Aston, PA 19014
Written materials are submitted pursuant to Rule 14a-6(g)(1) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934. Submission is not required of this filer under the terms of the Rule, but is made voluntarily in the
interest of public disclosure and consideration of these important issues.
The Sisters of St. Francis of Philadelphia and fourteen other co-filers urge you to vote FOR Proposal # 10 at the
Chevron Annual Meeting on May 25
th
.
Proposal # 10 on Chevron’s 2016 Proxy Statement:
Argument in Favor
Hydraulic fracturing operations pose significant environmental and social impacts and risks, leading to financial
risks for companies due to increased community opposition and regulatory scrutiny. Shareholder proposals
requesting enhanced reporting on this issue continue to earn support from 25-33% of shareholders, indicating
sustained concern from shareholders about the inadequacy of existing company risk management disclosures.
Currently, Chevron is not providing investors with a set of metrics sufficient to assess the risks and impacts
associated with the company’s hydraulic fracturing operations. This memo contextualizes the issues of concern
and outlines specific key areas of inadequate disclosure by Chevron.
Chevron is among the top 10 natural gas producers in the United States, yet fails to comprehensively disclose
the impacts of its hydraulic fracturing operations on air, water, land, and communities to shareholders. In
comparison with its peers, Chevron provides very little data on its website and 10-K on key environmental and
social indicators. Absent quantitative disclosure from the company regarding its environmental and community
impacts, shareholders are unable to rigorously assess the risks that may be associated with those impacts.
Consequently, the resolved clause of the Proposal asks Chevron’s board to report-- via quantitative indicators--
on the results of company policies and practices, above and beyond regulatory requirements, to minimize
potential adverse impacts on local communities and water resources. The supporting statement suggests this
CHEVRON SHAREHOLDER PROPOSAL #10
Chevron Fails to Disclose Quantitative Risk Metrics Associated with Hydraulic Fracturing
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reporting be done by relevant geographic region – such as per ‘shale play’, because so many impacts, especially
those related to water quantity and quality, are regional in nature, addressing at a minimum:
• Quantity of fresh water used for shale operations by region, including source
• Percentage of recycled water used by region;
• Systematic post-drilling groundwater quality assessments;
• Percentage of drilling residuals managed in closed-loop systems;
• Goals to eliminate the use of open pits for storage of drilling fluid and flowback water, wi ...
The document discusses household sewage treatment systems and their impact on stormwater pollution. It provides an overview of Franklin County and township stormwater programs, which work to comply with EPA permits and protect water quality. The programs identify and eliminate failing household sewage systems, which can contaminate drinking water and pose health risks if untreated sewage is discharged. The cleanup process will take years to investigate highest risk areas and help homeowners repair or replace failing systems.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
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Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
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In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
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Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
Charlotte BMPs 4-19-09
1. Management of Wash Water Runoff from Pressure Washing and Vehicle Detailing * BMPs for Containment/Disposal * Charlotte-Mecklenburg Utilities, NC by Robert M. Hinderliter Environmental Consultant, United Association of Contract Cleaners www.uamcc.org President, Delco Cleaning Systems of Fort Worth 2513 Warfield Street, Fort Worth, Texas 76106-7554 Phone: 800-433-2113, Fax: 817-625-2059 www.dcs1.com , www.pressurewash.com Note: The products and/or methods shown or depicted in this seminar may be covered by U.S. Letters of Patent . Copyright 2009, Delco Cleaning Systems of Fort Worth, All Rights Reserved
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7. 4. “ Point Source ” means any discernible, confined, and discrete conveyance, including but not limited to, any pipe, ditch, channel, tunnel, conduit, well, discrete fissure, container, rolling stock, concentrated animal feeding operation, landfill, leachate collection system, vessel or other floating craft from which pollutants are or may be discharged. 5. “ Non-Point Source” : Any source of pollution not associated with a distinct discharge point. 6. AHJ : Authority Having Jurisdiction. 7. POTW : Public Owned Treatment Works (Sewer Plant) 8. MS4 : M unicipal S eparate S torm S ewer S ystem (Storm Sewer System. Includes storm sewer pipes, street, gutters, and drain ditches along the highway if they empty into waters of the state.)
8. 9. BMP : Best Management Practices means schedules of activities, prohibition of activities, maintenance procedures, and other management practices to prevent or reduce the pollution of the MS4 and waters of the United States. BMPs also include treatment requirements, operating procedures, and practices to control plant site runoff, spillage or leaks, sludge or waste disposal, or drainage from raw material storage. 10. Hazardous Waste may be corrosive, reactive, or toxic. 11. Cosmetic Cleaning means cleaning done for cosmetic purposes . It does not include industrial cleaning, cleaning associated with manufacturing activities, hazardous or toxic waste cleaning, or any cleaning otherwise regulated under federal, state, or local laws. 12. Illicit Discharge: Any discharge to Storm Drain System that is not composed entirely of storm water with some exceptions.
10. Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 o The Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 set the basic structure for regulating discharges of pollutants to waters of the United States and gave the CWA it current form. And established a national goal that all waters of the U.S should be fishable and swimmable. This is the act that first caused Municipalities to do an Environmental Assessment of themselves. Most Regulators refer to the CWA as being passed in 1972. o URL: http://www.epa.gov/region5/water/cwa.htm
11. The regulating line of authority is Federal, State, Regional, County, and city . This means that if a city gives you a permit to discharge wash water to storm sewer and you contaminate State waters you are liable to the state! If you get a discharge permit from the state and contaminate federal waters you are liable to the EPA! Note: a discharge permit does not relieve you from liability for contamination clean up if required!
12. EPA set the standards for cities and states thru their National Pollution Discharge Elimination System Program (NPDES Permits).
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14. State’s Responsibilities for Stormwater discharge The EPA can delegate many of the permitting, administrative, and enforcement aspects of the CWA to the states. Then a state becomes a “ Designated State ” (North Carolina is a designated state). The EPA is still responsible for oversight of state programs. That is because Congress feels that local regulators who know the community can administer the CWA locally better than the EPA can from Washington DC.
15. Cities Responsibilities for Stormwater Discharge Each city decides what products, processes, and technology they are going to use to meet EPA Guidelines. This means the rules will vary from city to city and sometimes from site to site within the same city. Most Metropolitan areas will have different rules for each city! The policies of Charlotte-Mecklenburg Utilities will probably be followed by the other local Phase II municipalities until they develop their own.
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17. NPDES for Phase II For Municipalities & Urban Areas (UAs) whether incorporated or unincorporated were due March 10, 2003 For all UA's 50, 000 to 100,000 population Under 50,000 population if notified by the AHJ because of a significant environmental problem.
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24. NPDES Permit Violation A violation of their NPDES Permit because of detergents & FOGs will move waste wash water discharges to the Storm Drain to the top of the list. Presently Charlotte-Mecklenburg Utilities is having to report Surfactants, Fats, Oil, and Grease Levels every 6 months to the EPA instead of yearly.
25. Cities can either treat all of their sanitary and storm water or go the point source of the pollution and require remediation before discharge to sanitary sewer. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Utilities goes to the point source and require remediation before discharging to the sanitary sewer. It is significantly less expensive to require point source remediation than to remediate the pollution at their POTW.
26. One of the key elements of the NPDES Permit for the municipalities requires the cities to create and enforce an ordinance, which bans pollutant discharges to the storm drain and have a hot line for complaints and reports of violations.
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30. Typical Power Washing Pollution Typical pollutants in waste washwater that Mobile Power Wash Contractors typically encounter are: Detergents Fats Oils Grease Gasoline Solids Solvents Heavy Metals Herbicides Insecticides Pesticides Total Dissolved Solids Anti-Freeze Emulsified Oil High pH levels caused by Acid Brighteners Fertilizers
31. This photo was taken on April 3, 2009 and shows the storm drain near the Speedy Truck Wash where Metropolitan Sewer District of Louisville, KY claims that waste from washing pig trucks was sent. (from the Courier-Journal.com)
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33. The waste stream can also be greatly affected by the season . For example in the winter it is common to apply salt, sand, or other deicing materials to the roads. Mobile Power Wash Cosmetic Cleaners need to avoid Hazardous waste if at all possible because POTWs generally do not accept Hazardous Waste. Example: A vehicle that has traveled through fresh road oil or asphalt.
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36. Sewer Types: Sanitary, Storm, and Combined (sanitary and storm sewer are in the same pipe). Sanitary and combined sewer pipes discharge to the POTW (Public Owned Treatment Works, i.e. sewer plants). Storm drain (sewer) pipes discharge directly to the lakes, rivers, and streams with no remediation. Most outside drains are storm drains and most inside drains are Sanitary Sewer drains . But not always! If you are unsure of whether a drain is a Sanitary Sewer Drain or a Storm Drain ask the Authority in Charge. Sometime this information has been lost over time. Dye or Smoke test may have to be done in order to determine where the drain discharges. In restaurants most floor drains in the kitchen, mop or slop sinks, and disk washing sinks are connected to the grease trap . This is where your waste water should be discharged to. Do not discharge any wastewater into a drain or sewer system if you do not know where it leads and empties into.
37. Discharge wash water to conveyance of most remediation: Sand traps, grease traps, oil/water separators, clarifiers, Utility Sinks, Clean-outs, inside floor drains, commodes, sinks, and Clean-Out Stubs which are connected to the Sanitary Sewer. They are located at: Truck Wash Bays, Coin-op Car Wash Bays, Automatic Car Washes at Gas Stations, restaurants, and Clean Out Stubs on the outside of buildings where they are connected the Sanitary Sewer. Avoid disposing of your wash water to septic systems or injection wells if possible. These discharge locations are being phased out as of January 1, 2008. You should obtain the permission of the “discharge location owner” who is probably the Waste Generator before discharging your used wash water on the job site. For kitchen exhaust cleaning this would be the chef. POTWs are designed to handle sewage related wastes and wastewater, not industrial wastes containing chemicals, metals, oil, etc.
38. Hot Water Washing Detergents and Hot Water are emulsifiers . The discharge is considered Special Waste . The Special Waste from washing activities will have to be added to any other Special Waste that your customer is generating. This Special Waste requires reporting if it exceeds a threshold amount. The threshold amount varies from state to state (for North Carolina and most other states it is 220 pounds per month). The EPA does not define Hot Water . Charlotte Mecklenburg defines Hot Water as any water above 110 F.
39. Detergents and Acids Biodegradable detergents are not OK for discharging to the Storm Drain (Sewer) . They increase the BOD (biological oxygen demand) of the water, which may kill living organisms. “Biodegradable” does not mean non-toxic . Biodegradable generally means that it can be processed by the POTW (sewer treatment plant).
40. Phosphate Detergents are fertilizers. In water they cause the algae and moss to grow, which depletes the oxygen supply, causing the fish to die. Neutralize acid cleaners with: baking soda (sodium bicarbonate), soda ash (sodium carbonate), alkaline or caustic detergents & bleach. Use common house hold products if possible if an accidental discharge occurs.
41. If anyone offers to sell you an EPA approved product (like detergent) ask to see the documentation. I have never had a company be able to produce this documentation for routine maintenance washing. The EPA does not have an approval process for Products, Processes, or Technology.
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43. Waste materials from dry cleanup such as absorbents, paint chips, etc. may often be disposed of in the trash (dumpster). In general, you must generate less than 220 pounds of a particular type of waste each month to quality to use these “Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator” (ECSQG) programs.
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45. Drain Plugs It is illegal to install a “Drain Plug” in Municipal Sewer Systems. You could potentially damage the Sewer Systems. Inflatable drain plugs are capable of exerting a lot of force and can damage sewer piping.
46. Washwater Control Devices Water Control Devices: Sump pumps; wet/dry Vac with and without sump pumps, vacuum sludge filtering systems; Vacu-Booms; Portable Dams; Drain Covers; Portable Vinyl Wash Pits; Portable Vinyl Wash Pads, surface cleaners with vacuums attached for water capture, plumbers drain Plugs, sand bags, rubber mats, temporary berms, water Dykes.
47. A Portable Dam sealing off a storm drain, and a sump pump with a window screen filter for discharge to a sand trap.
48. A small hand held surface cleaner with vacuum attachment . Imagine two pie pans separated by about ¼” to form a vacuum chamber with pick up around the edges. The tube at the top of the surface cleaner is the vacuum connection and the trigger gun on the left is from your pressure washer.
49. A 24 inch vacuum recovery surface cleaner. Note the 4 vacuum connections on top of the surface cleaner. The pressure washer trigger gun hooks ups up at the top left of the picture just out of view.
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51. An oil absorbent boom before a vacuum boom with a portable dam after the vacuum boom to catch accidental discharges. The oil absorbent boom removes the oil sheen and free oil and grease. Note the oil sheen before the Oil Absorbent Boom.
52. Note the berm for wash water containment and the sump pump pit in the lower left hand corner of the wash pad.
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55. Wastewater Remediation Wash Water Filtration, Remediation Devices: Storm Sewer Drain Screens; Oil Absorbent Pillows, Booms & Pads; Vacuum Systems with Filtration; Pretreatment Units; Limited Recycling Units; Total Recycling Units, flocculation, absorbing media, etc.
56. As long as the water in the child’s wading pool is higher that the wash water on the outside of the wading pool it will seal off the storm drain. Note the window screen around the bottom of the sump to filter out debris, sand, & dirt. Does not give a real professional image but it works!
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58. Here a window screen and oil absorbent booms have been installed before the drain. The oil absorbent booms will remove the free oils and greases.
59. November 1991 . Dan and John Cassello in Connecticut start washing Coca Cola Trucks on a canvas tarp over a vinyl tarp. Berms on the side were made of PVC sewer pipe and rolled up tarp across the ends. Note the sump pump in the far right hand corner. The canvas trap was very heavy when wet.
61. Truck Washing For Truck Washing Evaporation and drag-off normally account for 20 to 50% of water loss mainly depending on how warm or hot the ambient temperature is. After washing is accomplished the wash area should be should be cleaned to prevent dirt, sludge, and debris being washed into the storm drain when it snows or rains. The washing of Hauling Compartments (Interior of trailers and tankers) should be limited to non-hazardous inert and biodegradable materials.
62. For Kitchen Exhaust Waste Water Capture starts with draping the hood and funneling the water into a 55 gallon barrel. Note the protection of the ranges and fryers.
63. Draping a for a roof fan cleaning. Discharge to Sanitary Sewer.
64. Scott Hyde showing the grate in the bottom of a Filter Tub for power washing Grease Exhaust Filters. The grate sets about 4 off the bottom of the Filter Tub.
65. Power Washing grease exhaust filters in the filter tub. Note the drain hose at the bottom of the tub draining wash water by gravity flow into the grease trap which is connected to the sanitary sewer.
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67. Waste Ownership Customer is owner of the waste from cradle to grave which is your Customer.
68. Wash Water Disposal Options: Wash Water Hauling to proper disposal facility; Direct Discharge Sanitary Sewer ; Pretreatment Units then discharge to sanitary sewer; Limited Recycling Units; Total Recycling Units; wash water capture and discharge to sanitary sewer without remediation. Note: Some municipalities prefer that you do not recycle your wash water because recycling concentrates the waste. Some POTWs have “Trucked Wastewater Disposal Sites” to received “Trucked Wastewater”. These sites may be at the POTW or remote locations. You have to make the phone calls in your market area (survey) to see what your disposal options are.
69. Presently North Carolina does not regulate used non-hazardous wash water in public transportation . If you are transporting a regulated waste every load will have to be manifested and you will have to obtain the proper permits. If the owner of the waste and the carrier are the same registration is not required. Remember your customer is the owner of the waste.
70. Normally you should never dispose wash water to storm drain (note: because so many people confuse the terms “Sanitary Sewer” and “Storm Sewer” it recommended that the tem “Storm Drain” replace “Storm Sewer”.
71. An example of waste water capture and proper disposal. Not Rocket Science! Think, Imagine, Conceive, Action
74. Wastewater Discharge Discharge wastewater to Sanitary Sewers as this is the most economical location. If it is not available, then discharge to a Commercial Waste Disposal Facility. This trailer contains a waste water holding tank and Filter Cleaning Tub. The waste water was hauled to disposal site on location away from the lake.
75. A Filter Tub was used to clean the Hood Grease Exhaust Filters in. The waste water was extracted with a Vacuum Sludge Filtering System and discharged to the holding tank above, about 100 feet away.
76. Waste Water was discharged to the restaurant’s septic system by gravity flow under supervision of the chef.
77. Discharging into Manholes is strictly forbidden no matter where they are located. It is not only dangerous to remove the lid from a manhole but it is also illegal in most cities. Manholes are City Property! Washington, DC had a problem with explosive gases building up in the sewers. There would be random explosions blowing off the manhole covers. Sometimes electrical lines and other wiring are in the storm sewers. Caution Do Not Remove Storm Sewer Covers, they are city property.
78. Pretreatment varies for discharging to sanitary sewer from none to extensive and can change at anytime. Most changes in discharge limits are a result of an EPA Fine for violations of an NPDES permit. Caution Do Not Remove Sanitary Sewer Covers, they are city property
79. Storm Drain the empty directly into Lake Tahoe Beautiful Lake Tahoe
80. Landscaping Discharge When routing wash water to landscaping, check the slope and area to be sure to avoid runoff into a street, gutter, or storm drain. If the soil is very dry, wet it down thoroughly before discharging so that wash water will soak into the soil instead of running off to the street, gutter, or storm drain. Michigan limits landscape discharge in the above scenario to 1,000 gallons per month per acre . You should also limit you discharge to make sure that it does not reach the ground waters through percolation.
81. Sludge Collection The least expensive method of collecting your dirt, sand, and debris is right off of your wash surface before entering your wash water pumping equipment. A $20.00 broom and shovel is an inexpensive method of picking up dirt and debris. The lower the level of technology used to collect the sludge the less expensive the collection is . The cheapest place to collect dirt, sand and sludge is right off the wash pad or out a grease duct, fan, or hood.
83. Sludge Disposal Options Sludge disposal options: Put into a Sand Trap; let dry then put into a Dumpster, put the sludge in a 55 gallon drum and have a licensed sand trap service haul the sludge to a proper disposal site, leave with the customer for disposal. The sludge belongs to your customer. Let the customer haul his own sludge to a proper disposal site. You cannot haul it for him unless you are licensed waste hauler. The Waste Disposal site will manifest every load, and if the generator of the waste and the hauler are not the same a registration waste transporter number is required. This is also true of regulated wastewater hauling. You are required to keep the manifest records for 3 years.
84. For Kitchen Exhaust Cleaning collected grease should be disposed into a grease container (grease dumpster if available), and the waste water into the grease trap. Check with the chef to make sure this is acceptable. Grease Dumpster
85. Let the dirt, sand, and sludge dry before disposal to a dumpster. Presently landfills cannot accept liquid waste. In Texas (and most other states) you can put 220 pounds of dry sludge in your dumpster per month. The sludge should be about as dry as damp sand, like on a beach . If you put the sand in a paint filter no water would run out of it. Remember, if the customer is generating other special waste the dirt and sludge will have to be added to this total. The customer should get permission from their refuse company to follow this procedure.
86. Discharge to surface waters must be treated for solids removal. This can be accomplished by filtration, or by directing wash water to a settling basin, like a tank or low spot where the water stops flowing. Discharge to the storm drain should be filtered with an oil absorbent boom or an oil/water separator. Discharge to Stormdrain should be free of visible foam and Oil Sheen.
87. Cold Water Washing In most areas cold water washing with no chemicals is considered no worse than a rain event. Therefore cold water washing with no chemicals can be discharged to the storm drain if oil and grease areas are precleaned, and the discharged wash water is filtered through an oil absorbent filter to remove any oil sheen, and a screen to remove sand & debris. Discharging wash water from a sump pump to a Sand Trap.
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89. Common cold waterpower booster (replace chemicals) : zero degree rotating nozzles, and surface concrete cleaners. This zero degree rotating nozzle is used for cleaning vertical grease exhaust shafts (ducts) with either zero or 15 degree nozzles with hot water and chemicals.
90. Zero Degree Rotating Nozzles . Commonly used by Kitchen Exhaust Cleaners with high pressure hot water and chemicals to clean Kitchen Grease Exhaust hoods, ducts, and equipment. Used by Surface Cleaners with high pressure cold water for exterior building and surface cleaning without chemicals for discharging into the storm drain. Preclean oil and grease spots.
91. Another example of zero degree rotating nozzles . Two examples of surface cleaners with without water recovery capability. Normally these units will handle water up to 5 to 8 GPM, 150 to 200 F, 2000 to 4000 PSI. These units have to be hooked up to a high pressure washer. They are an accessory or tool to increase the production and capability of your pressure washer.
92. Oil-water separators cannot be used for treating water-soluble chemicals such as anti-freeze and solvents, and detergents that emulsify oil, or the emulsified oil itself. Because of the heavy oil and grease load from Kitchen Grease Exhaust Cleaning it is generally not competitive to recycle your waste water from this activity. Dispose of your waste water from Kitchen Grease Exhaust Cleaning into the grease trap on site. Heavy deposits of grease should be appropriately collected (scraping for example) and deposited into a grease container or grease dumpster. Note: do not deposit grease into the garbage dumpster.
93. Mobile Power Wash Recycling Recycling Equipment and Portable Wash Pads are like the ABCs of the alphabet. They are but two tools for Environmental Power Washing. Generally the most expensive tools to use . Other avenues are generally less expensive and more cost effective. Contracts often go to whoever can capture the wash water in the least expensive manner and direct it to Sanitary Sewer. If you recycle long enough the wash water will become hazardous waste. You will need to have a “ Hazardous Waste Haulers Permit ” and dispose of your wash water as “ Hazardous Waste ”. You can no longer discharge to the Sanitary Sewer.
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95. The longer you recycle with the same water the dirtier (more contaminated) it will become. Therefore, you will have to rinse with fresh water and limit your recycle time . Recycling units that will deliver “Drinking Water Quality” discharge water are very expensive and not economically viable for Mobile Wash Contract Cleaners at the present time. Recycle units need to deliver 5 to recycled 20 micron filtered water in order for the water to be through high pressure pumps. This needs to be through a series of filters as a 5 micron filter will immediately stop up with unfiltered power wash wastewater.
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100. Hydrocarbon Disposal Hydrocarbon disposal: for cosmetic cleaning there is none, all of the oil is absorbed by the sludge: waste oil-recycling company (Safety Clean), leave with the customer. Caution: some state classifies used oil as hazardous waste. Use the same procedures as you would for “used oil”.
101. Used Oil The EPA has classified used oil (hydrocarbons) as non-hazardous if it is destined for recycling, re-fining, reprocessing or burned for energy recovery . Therefore, you should dispose of your used-oil in the aforementioned manner.
102. Almost No Hydrocarbons For Mobile Power Washing that is limited to cosmetic cleaning of vehicles and flat work there is very little hydrocarbons accumulated. In fact the dirt and sludge will absorb almost all of the free hydrocarbons.
103. Reportable Quantity In North Carolina waste oil spills of 9 gallons or more will require reporting to the North Carolina Commission on Environmental Quality (NCCEQ). Therefore, leave the hydrocarbons with your customer or only transport small quantities.
104. Hydrocarbon Disposal Facilities You will need to contact your local waste oil recycling company to see what their requirements are for disposing of your waste oil. Generally there will be an extra charge for oil with dirt, sand, and water in it. Find these companies in your yellow pages under OILS-RE-FINED and OILS-WASTE.
106. Avoid Hazardous Waste A lot of Contractors limit their operations to cosmetic cleaning and avoid: degreasing, two-step chemical cleaning, aluminum brightening, battery cleaning, & the washing of chemical trucks that may produce Hazardous Waste . Treated wood shingles are often treated with a toxic material. Treated shingles should be dry cleaned only. Runoff from cleaning may be toxic to plants in a landscaped area and should never be discharged to the storm drain or sanitary sewer.
107. Usually “ Hazardous Waste” cannot be discharged to the POTW. If you do acid cleaning or two-step chemical cleaning you will need to batch process their wash water and neutralize it before discharging to the sanitary sewer. No off property discharge hazards: 1) soil contamination, and ground water contamination . May require soil remediation when property is sold or ground water remediation if contamination becomes known. Note: Discharging under these guidelines is not a release from liability if clean-up is required.
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109. Cost of Compliance There is going to be a cost associated with the control of discharged Power Washing Waste Water. Enacting Regulations prohibition the discharge of Power Washing Waste Water to the Storm Drains with enforcement by complaint basis only will have very little effect on stopping this waste water from entering the storm drain system (MS4).
110. Benefits of Compliance Of course the biggest benefit in compliance is doing your part in cleaning up the Environment and avoiding fines . Mobile Power Wash Operators who are willing to invest time, money, and equipment in order to offer Environmental Washing Services and obtain the Certification letters from regulating authorities are receiving a tremendous competitive advantage . It is not unusual for these operators to double or triple their business in a year. Their first advantage generally will be increased enforcement of the Clean Water Act for no off property discharge. Since they are the only one that has an approved procedure guess who gets recommended. Of course this exclusive position will only last until someone else gets approval, but by that time you should have already established your reputation.
111. What does the future hold? For Power Wash Contractors of the 21st Century water management will be as important as the pressure washing. You will now have to have a toolbox full of tools for proper water management . Just as a carpenter has more than a hammer in his tool box it will be necessary for the Pressure Wash Contractor to have more that one type of device to capture, control, and clean wash water with. Because washing with a Recycling Systems on a Portable Vinyl Wash Pad is the most expensive way to wash an item this needs to be the option of last resort.
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122. Charlotte Mecklenburg Cosmetic Cleaning BMPs * May discharge to the storm drain with prior permission from Charlotte-Mecklenburg Utilities YES See item #3 YES See item #6 YES See item #4 YES See item #5* To remove mainly dirt, surfaces without oil & grease, no chemicals, with heat Hot Water, No Chemicals, auto rinsing, homes, decks, side walks, buildings Preclean any oil & grease spots if any. YES See item #3 YES See item #6 YES See item #4 YES See item #5 To remove mainly dirt, surfaces without oil & grease Cold Water, No Chemicals, auto rinsing, homes, decks, side walks, buildings Comments Environmental Waste Company Landscaped Area Sanitary Sewer Storm Drain Conditions Washing Activity
123. Charlotte Mecklenburg Cosmetic Cleaning BMPs Collect Oil and Grease accumulations and dispose of properly, as with Oil Filters YES See item #3 No YES See item #4 No To remove mainly dirt, & heavy amounts of Oil & Grease Hot Water Chemicals Trucks, autos, homes, buildings, flat work, machinery, aircraft, trains These items are not normally contaminated with heavy amounts of oil and grease. YES See item #3 YES See item #6 YES See item #4 No To remove mainly dirt, & light amounts of Oil & Grease Hot Water Chemicals Trucks, autos, homes, buildings, flat work, machinery, aircraft, trains Comments Environmental Waste Company Landscaped Area Sanitary Sewer Storm Drain Conditions Washing Activity
124. Charlotte Mecklenburg Cosmetic Cleaning BMPs Large Amounts of Grease should be collected and put into the Grease Dumpster or disposed to Environmental Waste company, Waste Water disposed to the Grease Trap. YES See item #3 No YES See item #4 No Kitchen Grease Exhaust Cleaning Hot Water Chemicals Collect Oil and Grease dispose of properly, as with Oil Filters & to Environmental Waste Company YES See item #3 No No No To remove large amounts of grease Hot Water Chemicals Degreasing of Engines, Equipment, 5th Wheels Comments Environmental Waste Company Landscaped Area Sanitary Sewer Storm Drain Conditions Washing Activity