Strings in C are arrays of characters terminated by a null character. They can be declared and initialized using character arrays or string literals. The C compiler automatically places a null character at the end of string constants. Strings can be accessed and printed using the %s format specifier. Common string functions include strcpy to copy strings, strcat to concatenate strings, strlen to get string length, and strcmp to compare strings.

1. Character Array (Strings)
Prepared By: Mr. Sangram A. Patil
Assistant Professor PVPIT,Budhgaon

2. Definition : String
 Strings are actually one-dimensional array of characters terminated by
a null character '0'.
 Declaration and initialization of string
char str[6]={‘H,’e’,’l’,’l’,’o’,’0’};
Or
char str[6]=“Hello”;

3.  Actually, you do not place the null character at the end of a string constant. The C
compiler automatically places the '0' at the end of the string when it initializes the
array.
#include <stdio.h>
int main () {
char message[6] = {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '0'};
printf(“Message: %sn", message );
return 0;
}
• It is also possible to access character array by using for
loop.
• Also we can get whole string at a time and print it using
%s format specifier.

4. String related functions
Sr.No. Function & Purpose
1 strcpy(s1, s2);
Copies string s2 into string s1.
2 strcat(s1, s2);
Concatenates string s2 onto the end of string s1.
3 strlen(s1);
Returns the length of string s1.
4 strcmp(s1, s2);
Returns 0 if s1 and s2 are the same; less than 0 if s1<s2; greater than 0 if
s1>s2.
strchr(s1, ch);
Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of character ch in string s1.
6 strstr(s1, s2);
Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of string s2 in string s1.