The document discusses organizational structure and culture. It covers factors that influence organizational structure like the environment, strategy, technology, and human resources. It also describes different types of organizational structures including functional, divisional, matrix, and hybrid structures. It discusses designing job roles, allocating authority through hierarchies, and coordinating functions. Finally, it addresses organizational culture and characteristics of strong versus weak cultures.
This document discusses organizational structure and culture. It begins by outlining learning objectives about organizational structure, job design, and types of structures managers can choose from. It then examines factors that influence structure choice like the environment, strategy, technology, and human resources. Different structures are described including functional, divisional based on product, market or geography, matrix, and hybrid combinations. The document also covers job design, allocating authority through hierarchies, and coordinating divisions. Finally, it discusses organizational culture, sources of culture, and benefits of strong versus weak cultures.
NASA uses a matrix organizational structure to handle moon launches like Apollo 13. The movie shows that NASA has different departments (functions) like engineering, flight operations, etc. It also divides the work into the specific Apollo mission teams. So people from different functions are assigned to each mission team to work together towards the goals of that launch. This allows NASA to pool expertise from different areas while also focusing resources on each unique mission. It's a hybrid structure that balances functional and project-based coordination.
This document discusses organizational structure and culture. It covers factors that influence organizational structure like the environment, strategy, technology and human resources. It describes different types of organizational structures including functional, divisional, matrix and hybrid structures. It also discusses job design, grouping jobs into functions, allocating authority through hierarchies, and coordinating functions. The key aspects of organizational structure, how they are designed and influenced are summarized.
This document discusses organizational structure and design. It defines organizational structure as the formal system of task and reporting relationships within a company. Several factors can influence organizational structure, including the environment, strategy, technology, and human resources. The document also examines different ways to group jobs and design the overall structure, such as using functional, divisional, matrix, and hybrid structures. The goal is to establish an organizational design that best fits a company's unique situation and goals.
This document discusses training and human resource development. It defines training as a planned effort by companies to help employees learn job-related competencies. The goal of training is for employees to master competencies and apply them to their daily work. Effective training is linked to strategic business goals, uses instructional design, and creates a culture of continuous learning. Forces like globalization, new technology, and quality emphasis are changing how companies approach training.
This document provides an overview of employee training and development. It defines training as a planned effort to help employees learn job-related competencies like knowledge, skills, and behaviors. The goal is for employees to master competencies and apply them at work. Effective training is linked to business goals and uses an instructional design process. Forces like technology, quality initiatives, and work redesign are changing how training is delivered and the skills needed of employees.
This document discusses organizational structure. It begins by explaining that all businesses need structure to organize their work. There are several types of structures including simple, functional, divisional, and matrix. The functional structure groups employees by business function like marketing or finance. The divisional structure groups functions into divisions, which can be based on geography or product lines. The matrix structure groups employees by both function and product or project. Choosing the right structure is important because it focuses attention, shapes resource use, directs communication, and defines roles.
Production/operations management (POM) involves planning, organizing, and controlling the production process. As part of management, the key functions of POM are to optimize resource utilization, make decisions about production, and ensure goals are aligned with the overall organization's strategy. The POM manager seeks to effectively plan, organize, control, and model human behavior during the conversion of raw materials into finished goods.
This document discusses organizational structure and culture. It begins by outlining learning objectives about organizational structure, job design, and types of structures managers can choose from. It then examines factors that influence structure choice like the environment, strategy, technology, and human resources. Different structures are described including functional, divisional based on product, market or geography, matrix, and hybrid combinations. The document also covers job design, allocating authority through hierarchies, and coordinating divisions. Finally, it discusses organizational culture, sources of culture, and benefits of strong versus weak cultures.
NASA uses a matrix organizational structure to handle moon launches like Apollo 13. The movie shows that NASA has different departments (functions) like engineering, flight operations, etc. It also divides the work into the specific Apollo mission teams. So people from different functions are assigned to each mission team to work together towards the goals of that launch. This allows NASA to pool expertise from different areas while also focusing resources on each unique mission. It's a hybrid structure that balances functional and project-based coordination.
This document discusses organizational structure and culture. It covers factors that influence organizational structure like the environment, strategy, technology and human resources. It describes different types of organizational structures including functional, divisional, matrix and hybrid structures. It also discusses job design, grouping jobs into functions, allocating authority through hierarchies, and coordinating functions. The key aspects of organizational structure, how they are designed and influenced are summarized.
This document discusses organizational structure and design. It defines organizational structure as the formal system of task and reporting relationships within a company. Several factors can influence organizational structure, including the environment, strategy, technology, and human resources. The document also examines different ways to group jobs and design the overall structure, such as using functional, divisional, matrix, and hybrid structures. The goal is to establish an organizational design that best fits a company's unique situation and goals.
This document discusses training and human resource development. It defines training as a planned effort by companies to help employees learn job-related competencies. The goal of training is for employees to master competencies and apply them to their daily work. Effective training is linked to strategic business goals, uses instructional design, and creates a culture of continuous learning. Forces like globalization, new technology, and quality emphasis are changing how companies approach training.
This document provides an overview of employee training and development. It defines training as a planned effort to help employees learn job-related competencies like knowledge, skills, and behaviors. The goal is for employees to master competencies and apply them at work. Effective training is linked to business goals and uses an instructional design process. Forces like technology, quality initiatives, and work redesign are changing how training is delivered and the skills needed of employees.
This document discusses organizational structure. It begins by explaining that all businesses need structure to organize their work. There are several types of structures including simple, functional, divisional, and matrix. The functional structure groups employees by business function like marketing or finance. The divisional structure groups functions into divisions, which can be based on geography or product lines. The matrix structure groups employees by both function and product or project. Choosing the right structure is important because it focuses attention, shapes resource use, directs communication, and defines roles.
Production/operations management (POM) involves planning, organizing, and controlling the production process. As part of management, the key functions of POM are to optimize resource utilization, make decisions about production, and ensure goals are aligned with the overall organization's strategy. The POM manager seeks to effectively plan, organize, control, and model human behavior during the conversion of raw materials into finished goods.
This document defines business process re-engineering as the radical redesign of core business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in key performance metrics like quality, cost, and cycle time. It discusses how information technology can enable business process re-engineering through shared databases, expert systems, telecommunications networks, and decision support tools. The document also provides a case study of how Ford re-engineered their accounts payable process, cutting staff by 75% by computerizing matching and eliminating invoices.
Organizational and Production structure of a FirmRuhull
This document discusses organizational structures and their characteristics. It begins by defining organizational structure as the ways in which a firm can organize itself, such as by function, product, or service. It then examines different types of structures including functional, divisional, and matrix structures. For each type, it provides examples and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. Additional topics covered include mechanistic versus organic structures, team and network structures, and circular structures. The document provides a comprehensive overview of key considerations in organizational structure.
This document discusses different types of organizational structures including departmentation by numbers, time, enterprise function, geography, product, process and equipment. It also discusses matrix organizations, problems with matrix management, and guidelines to make matrix management effective. Finally, it defines strategic business units as distinct units within a large company that promote products like independent businesses.
The document is a student's assignment submission for an MBA course on operations management. It analyzes the operational management practices of IKEA that have led to the company's global success. It discusses IKEA's production processes, organizational development including e-commerce and ERP systems, lean operations using RFID technology, quality control measures, long-term supplier relationships, capacity planning, and factors driving changes in its operations. The assignment contains an executive summary, introduction, company overview section, and analyses various aspects of IKEA's operations before concluding.
Organization structure refers to how tasks are allocated and how authority flows within an organization. There are several common organization structures, including functional, divisional, matrix, and virtual structures. Choosing an optimal structure involves balancing factors like centralization vs decentralization, standardization vs flexibility, and specialization vs integration. Common challenges in designing an organization structure include balancing these factors and coordinating interdependent tasks across divisions. The organization structure impacts decision making, goal achievement, adaptation to changes, performance evaluation, and communication within the organization.
Business process Re-engineering of Mahindra & mahindra Sanket Kulkarni
This document presents a case study of Business Process Reengineering (BPR) at Mahindra & Mahindra (M&M). M&M implemented BPR due to manufacturing inefficiencies, poor productivity, long production cycles, sub-optimal output, and an unhealthy work culture with widespread corruption and union pressures. The first steps included restructuring programs and voluntary retirement schemes, but unions resisted reductions. Barriers included legal obstacles, IT issues, and employee resistance to changes. Firm steps overcame resistance, with management continuing work during strikes. BPR implementation occurred in stages, restructuring divisions and reengineering processes through cellular manufacturing and quality programs. Results included improved productivity, capacity utilization, costs, and integrated operations. Key
BPR was implemented at Mahindra & Mahindra in the mid-1990s to address manufacturing inefficiencies and improve productivity. It involved reengineering processes and implementing cellular manufacturing. This led to significant benefits like reducing headcount while increasing output, improving inventory control, and establishing a transparent process-oriented culture. BPR differed from TQM in seeking a complete redesign rather than incremental changes and helped transform Mahindra & Mahindra's operations and performance.
Operation Management is the proficient and successful usage of the arrangements and undertakings important to fulfill an organization's clients, workers, and management. It is the management of frameworks or procedures that make merchandise and additionally offer types of assistance.
Progressing exercises of structuring, checking on and utilizing the working framework, to accomplish administration yields as dictated by the association for clients.
Learning Objectives :
Upon completion of operation management training, the attendees are able to:
Distinguish the key objectives and prerequisites of operations management
Depict the standards of operations management including: stock management, operations arranging, producing management,
Talk about the significant contemplations when arranging operations management incorporating contending with operations, planning and improving procedures
Portray the key specialized improvements
Rundown the means engaged with setting up recharging arrangements and buying management
Learn more.
Operations Management Training
https://www.tonex.com/training-courses/operations-management/
Shoe Corporation of Illinois Case Study -
President - Allison, and many more..
You can add about Product Development & customer involvement in product develeopment, ethical issues, etc
The document discusses different ways to structure organizations through departmentation. It describes five common types of departmentation: by product, by function, by region/territory, by customer, and by process. Each structure has advantages like specialization and focus but also disadvantages like potential lack of coordination or duplication of roles. The document also discusses matrix structures and emerging concepts like strategic business units and virtual organizations.
This document discusses principles of information systems in organizations. It covers topics like organizational structure, culture, and change; competitive advantage; quality initiatives; careers in information systems. Specifically, it defines key terms like organizational structure, culture, and change. It also discusses how information systems can help lower costs, increase profits and gain competitive advantages. Finally, it identifies various roles and functions within information systems departments like operations, systems development and support.
The document is a PowerPoint presentation about management. It defines management as the process of getting things done efficiently and effectively to achieve objectives. It then outlines the five main functions of management: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Planning involves thinking before doing. Organizing is grouping activities and assigning them to departments. Staffing refers to procuring suitable personnel. Directing actuates members to work efficiently. Controlling ensures activities and resources conform to plans.
This document provides an overview of operations management. It defines operations management as the set of activities that creates value by transforming inputs into outputs in the form of goods and services. It discusses the essential functions of production/operations, marketing, and finance/accounting in organizations. Key decisions for operations managers are also outlined, including design of goods/services, quality management, capacity and process design, inventory management and scheduling. The document traces the history and evolution of operations management concepts.
This profile summarizes the key skills and experience of Sanjay Jaitly, an Assistant General Manager with over 28 years of experience in supply chain management, procurement, and materials management. He has a proven track record of streamlining procurement processes, establishing vendor development programs, and leading import/export functions. Some of his accomplishments include reducing procurement costs through import substitution, managing annual imports valued at $100 million, and implementing an ERP system to manage inventory for multiple business units. He is skilled in strategic sourcing, contract negotiations, and people management.
Operations management is responsible for planning, coordinating, and controlling resources to efficiently produce goods and services. It aims to maximize profit by converting materials and labor into outputs as efficiently as possible. Operations management oversees various operations like production, marketing, human resources, and more. The operations manager ensures smooth processes and wears many hats, taking on responsibilities like logistics, budgeting, strategic planning, and managing support and third-party services.
Performance management system in malaysiatanzisoha
This document discusses performance management strategies used in Malaysian government agencies that could provide lessons for Bangladesh. It outlines initiatives like the Productivity Improvement Initiative, Total Quality Management, and Integrated Results Based Management that Malaysia has implemented. The National Registration Department of Pulau Pinang adopted key performance indicators and saw success, including processing applications faster. For Bangladesh to apply such strategies, reforms would be needed to recruitment and budgeting systems, and buy-in from public servants would be necessary.
Operations management involves directing and controlling processes that transform inputs into products and services. A process takes inputs, transforms them through processing functions, adds value, and produces outputs. There are two types of customers - external customers who are end users or intermediaries, and internal customers who rely on outputs from earlier processes. Nested processes involve initiating a process within another process. Operations management principles state that all parts of an organization must design and operate processes to deal with quality, technology, and staffing issues. Decisions can be either strategic and long-term, or tactical and short-term.
The document discusses reengineering work done at Gujarat Cancer Research Institute in India. It overviews principles of reengineering and provides examples of reengineering processes at Ford Motor Company and MBL Insurance. At Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, the existing organizational structure and processes for vendor selection, purchase orders, and inventory management were reengineered. The new systems implemented a computerized database and standardized coding which reduced purchase orders from 1200 to 12 per month while improving inventory management and vendor selection.
This chapter discusses organizational structure and culture. It covers factors that influence organizational design such as environment, strategy, technology, and human resources. Different types of structures are examined including functional, divisional by product, market or geography, matrix, and hybrid structures. The chapter also discusses allocating authority through hierarchies and spans of control as well as tall versus flat organizational structures.
The document discusses organizational structure and culture. It covers factors that influence organizational structure choice like the environment, strategy, technology, and human resources. It also describes different types of structures including functional, divisional, matrix, and hybrid structures. Additionally, it discusses job design, authority allocation, integrating mechanisms, sources of organizational culture, and characteristics of strong versus weak cultures.
This document discusses organizational structure and design. It defines organizational structure as how a company's hierarchy, departments, and information flow are arranged. An organizational structure determines who makes decisions, how job tasks are divided and coordinated, and how information is distributed. The document then examines different types of organizational structures like functional, line, geographic, product, and matrix structures. It also discusses important considerations for organizational design like job design, departmentalization, span of control, and delegation of authority.
This document defines business process re-engineering as the radical redesign of core business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in key performance metrics like quality, cost, and cycle time. It discusses how information technology can enable business process re-engineering through shared databases, expert systems, telecommunications networks, and decision support tools. The document also provides a case study of how Ford re-engineered their accounts payable process, cutting staff by 75% by computerizing matching and eliminating invoices.
Organizational and Production structure of a FirmRuhull
This document discusses organizational structures and their characteristics. It begins by defining organizational structure as the ways in which a firm can organize itself, such as by function, product, or service. It then examines different types of structures including functional, divisional, and matrix structures. For each type, it provides examples and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. Additional topics covered include mechanistic versus organic structures, team and network structures, and circular structures. The document provides a comprehensive overview of key considerations in organizational structure.
This document discusses different types of organizational structures including departmentation by numbers, time, enterprise function, geography, product, process and equipment. It also discusses matrix organizations, problems with matrix management, and guidelines to make matrix management effective. Finally, it defines strategic business units as distinct units within a large company that promote products like independent businesses.
The document is a student's assignment submission for an MBA course on operations management. It analyzes the operational management practices of IKEA that have led to the company's global success. It discusses IKEA's production processes, organizational development including e-commerce and ERP systems, lean operations using RFID technology, quality control measures, long-term supplier relationships, capacity planning, and factors driving changes in its operations. The assignment contains an executive summary, introduction, company overview section, and analyses various aspects of IKEA's operations before concluding.
Organization structure refers to how tasks are allocated and how authority flows within an organization. There are several common organization structures, including functional, divisional, matrix, and virtual structures. Choosing an optimal structure involves balancing factors like centralization vs decentralization, standardization vs flexibility, and specialization vs integration. Common challenges in designing an organization structure include balancing these factors and coordinating interdependent tasks across divisions. The organization structure impacts decision making, goal achievement, adaptation to changes, performance evaluation, and communication within the organization.
Business process Re-engineering of Mahindra & mahindra Sanket Kulkarni
This document presents a case study of Business Process Reengineering (BPR) at Mahindra & Mahindra (M&M). M&M implemented BPR due to manufacturing inefficiencies, poor productivity, long production cycles, sub-optimal output, and an unhealthy work culture with widespread corruption and union pressures. The first steps included restructuring programs and voluntary retirement schemes, but unions resisted reductions. Barriers included legal obstacles, IT issues, and employee resistance to changes. Firm steps overcame resistance, with management continuing work during strikes. BPR implementation occurred in stages, restructuring divisions and reengineering processes through cellular manufacturing and quality programs. Results included improved productivity, capacity utilization, costs, and integrated operations. Key
BPR was implemented at Mahindra & Mahindra in the mid-1990s to address manufacturing inefficiencies and improve productivity. It involved reengineering processes and implementing cellular manufacturing. This led to significant benefits like reducing headcount while increasing output, improving inventory control, and establishing a transparent process-oriented culture. BPR differed from TQM in seeking a complete redesign rather than incremental changes and helped transform Mahindra & Mahindra's operations and performance.
Operation Management is the proficient and successful usage of the arrangements and undertakings important to fulfill an organization's clients, workers, and management. It is the management of frameworks or procedures that make merchandise and additionally offer types of assistance.
Progressing exercises of structuring, checking on and utilizing the working framework, to accomplish administration yields as dictated by the association for clients.
Learning Objectives :
Upon completion of operation management training, the attendees are able to:
Distinguish the key objectives and prerequisites of operations management
Depict the standards of operations management including: stock management, operations arranging, producing management,
Talk about the significant contemplations when arranging operations management incorporating contending with operations, planning and improving procedures
Portray the key specialized improvements
Rundown the means engaged with setting up recharging arrangements and buying management
Learn more.
Operations Management Training
https://www.tonex.com/training-courses/operations-management/
Shoe Corporation of Illinois Case Study -
President - Allison, and many more..
You can add about Product Development & customer involvement in product develeopment, ethical issues, etc
The document discusses different ways to structure organizations through departmentation. It describes five common types of departmentation: by product, by function, by region/territory, by customer, and by process. Each structure has advantages like specialization and focus but also disadvantages like potential lack of coordination or duplication of roles. The document also discusses matrix structures and emerging concepts like strategic business units and virtual organizations.
This document discusses principles of information systems in organizations. It covers topics like organizational structure, culture, and change; competitive advantage; quality initiatives; careers in information systems. Specifically, it defines key terms like organizational structure, culture, and change. It also discusses how information systems can help lower costs, increase profits and gain competitive advantages. Finally, it identifies various roles and functions within information systems departments like operations, systems development and support.
The document is a PowerPoint presentation about management. It defines management as the process of getting things done efficiently and effectively to achieve objectives. It then outlines the five main functions of management: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Planning involves thinking before doing. Organizing is grouping activities and assigning them to departments. Staffing refers to procuring suitable personnel. Directing actuates members to work efficiently. Controlling ensures activities and resources conform to plans.
This document provides an overview of operations management. It defines operations management as the set of activities that creates value by transforming inputs into outputs in the form of goods and services. It discusses the essential functions of production/operations, marketing, and finance/accounting in organizations. Key decisions for operations managers are also outlined, including design of goods/services, quality management, capacity and process design, inventory management and scheduling. The document traces the history and evolution of operations management concepts.
This profile summarizes the key skills and experience of Sanjay Jaitly, an Assistant General Manager with over 28 years of experience in supply chain management, procurement, and materials management. He has a proven track record of streamlining procurement processes, establishing vendor development programs, and leading import/export functions. Some of his accomplishments include reducing procurement costs through import substitution, managing annual imports valued at $100 million, and implementing an ERP system to manage inventory for multiple business units. He is skilled in strategic sourcing, contract negotiations, and people management.
Operations management is responsible for planning, coordinating, and controlling resources to efficiently produce goods and services. It aims to maximize profit by converting materials and labor into outputs as efficiently as possible. Operations management oversees various operations like production, marketing, human resources, and more. The operations manager ensures smooth processes and wears many hats, taking on responsibilities like logistics, budgeting, strategic planning, and managing support and third-party services.
Performance management system in malaysiatanzisoha
This document discusses performance management strategies used in Malaysian government agencies that could provide lessons for Bangladesh. It outlines initiatives like the Productivity Improvement Initiative, Total Quality Management, and Integrated Results Based Management that Malaysia has implemented. The National Registration Department of Pulau Pinang adopted key performance indicators and saw success, including processing applications faster. For Bangladesh to apply such strategies, reforms would be needed to recruitment and budgeting systems, and buy-in from public servants would be necessary.
Operations management involves directing and controlling processes that transform inputs into products and services. A process takes inputs, transforms them through processing functions, adds value, and produces outputs. There are two types of customers - external customers who are end users or intermediaries, and internal customers who rely on outputs from earlier processes. Nested processes involve initiating a process within another process. Operations management principles state that all parts of an organization must design and operate processes to deal with quality, technology, and staffing issues. Decisions can be either strategic and long-term, or tactical and short-term.
The document discusses reengineering work done at Gujarat Cancer Research Institute in India. It overviews principles of reengineering and provides examples of reengineering processes at Ford Motor Company and MBL Insurance. At Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, the existing organizational structure and processes for vendor selection, purchase orders, and inventory management were reengineered. The new systems implemented a computerized database and standardized coding which reduced purchase orders from 1200 to 12 per month while improving inventory management and vendor selection.
This chapter discusses organizational structure and culture. It covers factors that influence organizational design such as environment, strategy, technology, and human resources. Different types of structures are examined including functional, divisional by product, market or geography, matrix, and hybrid structures. The chapter also discusses allocating authority through hierarchies and spans of control as well as tall versus flat organizational structures.
The document discusses organizational structure and culture. It covers factors that influence organizational structure choice like the environment, strategy, technology, and human resources. It also describes different types of structures including functional, divisional, matrix, and hybrid structures. Additionally, it discusses job design, authority allocation, integrating mechanisms, sources of organizational culture, and characteristics of strong versus weak cultures.
This document discusses organizational structure and design. It defines organizational structure as how a company's hierarchy, departments, and information flow are arranged. An organizational structure determines who makes decisions, how job tasks are divided and coordinated, and how information is distributed. The document then examines different types of organizational structures like functional, line, geographic, product, and matrix structures. It also discusses important considerations for organizational design like job design, departmentalization, span of control, and delegation of authority.
Here are the key points in response to the questions:
A. A mission statement outlines the fundamental purpose of an organisation. It describes the scope of the business, including the objectives, customers served, values and approach.
B. A management structure refers to how roles and responsibilities are divided and coordinated within an organisation. It determines how decisions are made, how information flows, and who reports to whom.
C. A matrix structure combines functional and divisional structures. Teams are formed across departments to work on specific projects. It allows for pooled expertise and flexibility. However, it can lead to role ambiguity and conflict if multiple managers provide direction.
D. The three levels of planning are:
1) Strategic planning
Teams have become popular in organizations as they allow for flexibility, employee involvement in decision making, and increased motivation. The document contrasts groups which share information with teams which generate synergy through coordinated effort. It describes four main types of teams - problem-solving, self-managed, cross-functional, and virtual - and the key components of effective teams including context, composition, work design, and process. Managers can create effective teams by providing resources, leadership, trust, and proper rewards while considering members' skills, roles, and diversity.
Organisation involves determining activities, arranging them into units, and assigning roles and responsibilities. It is important for attaining objectives, defining hierarchies and responsibilities, and minimizing friction. There are formal and informal structures. Formal structures include organization charts showing divisions of work, reporting relationships, and communication channels. Informal structures comprise unofficial working relationships. Common structures include functional (grouping similar tasks), divisional (grouping by product, geography, customers, or process), matrix (combining functional and divisional), team, network, and entrepreneurial. The choice of structure impacts organizational culture and ability to change directions.
Group 2 (BSCE-4A) - Construction Project Management.pptxJustineSales1
The document discusses organizational structure and construction project organization. It begins by defining organization as a group cooperating for a common goal. It then discusses different types of organizational structures like functional, product/market, and matrix structures. It outlines their advantages and disadvantages. The document also discusses the key elements of organizational structure like distribution of functions, authority relationships, and communication processes. Finally, it provides examples of organizational charts and outlines components of a sample construction management plan including planning, staffing, direction, financial management, and contract administration.
The chapter discusses organizing as determining tasks, assigning responsibilities, and coordinating work. It defines organizing and explains why managers organize. The organizing process involves determining tasks, defining relationships, and developing the organizational design. There are different types of organizational structures like functional, product, and customer-based structures. Managers must determine the appropriate span of control and use tools like organizational charts, delegation, and coordination to structure relationships and work flows in the organization.
The document discusses factors that affect organizational design and different types of organizational structures. It describes how the organizational environment, strategy, technology, and human resources can influence design. It then explains functional, divisional, product-based, multinational, network, virtual, and matrix designs. Tall and flat structures are also compared, with tall having many levels and narrow spans of control, while flat has fewer levels and wide spans.
Employee development is a joint, on-going effort on the part of an employee and the organization for which he or she works to upgrade the employee's knowledge, skills, and abilities. Successful employee development requires a balance between an individual's career needs and goals and the organization's need to get work done.
Employee development programs make positive contributions to organizational performance. A more highly-skilled workforce can accomplish more and a supervisor's group can accomplish more as employees gain in experience and knowledge.
This chapter discusses different organizational structures that firms can employ, including simple, functional, multidivisional, strategic business unit, matrix, and learning organization structures. It explains how to determine the most appropriate structure based on factors like the firm's size, stakeholders, diversification, technology, internationalization, geographic scope, and tasks. The chapter also outlines rules for implementing changes to organizational structure, like ensuring employee and management support, and the importance of understanding informal organizational structures.
This document discusses different types of organization structures. It begins by defining organizing as arranging people and resources to accomplish goals. There are traditional structures like functional, divisional, and matrix structures that group people by skills, products, or both. There are also horizontal structures like team, network, boundaryless, and virtual organizations that use groups and technology to improve collaboration. The structures each have advantages like specialization, flexibility, decision making, and cost reduction that help organizations operate effectively.
This document discusses organizational structure and design. It begins by defining organizational structure as the formal framework that divides work into jobs, groups, and departments. There are six key elements of organizational design: work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, centralization/decentralization, and formalization. Common structures discussed include functional, divisional, team-based, project-based, and matrix structures. Contemporary designs like boundaryless organizations and learning organizations are also introduced. The document provides examples of different structures and discusses their strengths and weaknesses. It concludes by assigning further reading and preparation for an upcoming class discussion.
SM Lecture Nine (Part B) - Creating Effective Organizational Designs guest52d1b8
The document discusses organizational structures and strategies for multinational corporations. It examines traditional structures like functional, divisional, and matrix forms. It also explores challenges of international operations and implications for structure, as well as new trends like global start-ups and how structure can influence strategy formulation.
The document discusses organizational structures and principles. It defines an organization as a social unit of people systematically structured to meet goals. There are four main types of organizational structures discussed - tall, flat, matrix, and boundaryless. The document also examines factors that influence organizational design such as environment, strategy, technology, and human resources. Finally, it provides guidelines for analyzing organizational structures in different contexts like divisions of nursing.
The document discusses various aspects of organizing and organizational design. It defines organizing as determining tasks, roles, and coordination. The key components of organizational design are structure, integrating mechanisms, and decision making locus. Common structures include functional, divisional, matrix, and network. Structure determines reporting relationships while integrating mechanisms manage interdependence between units. Effective delegation involves matching tasks to skills, clear communication, authority, accountability, and monitoring.
The document discusses organizational design and outlines several key points:
1) It contrasts mechanistic and organic organizational structures and explains how factors like strategy, size, technology, and environment affect design.
2) It describes common traditional designs like simple, functional, and divisional structures and contemporary designs like team, matrix, project, virtual and boundaryless organizations.
3) A learning organization is defined as having the capacity for continuous learning, adaptation and change through knowledge sharing, team-based structures and a supportive culture.
3. 10-3
Learning Objectives
• Identify the factors that influence
managers’ choice of an organizational
structure.
• Explain how managers group tasks into
jobs that are motivating and satisfying
for employees.
• Describe the types of organizational
structures managers can design, and
explain why they choose one structure
over another.
4. 10-4
Learning Objectives
• Explain why managers must coordinate
jobs, functions, and divisions using the
hierarchy of authority and integrating
mechanisms
• List the four sources of organizational
culture and differentiate between a
strong, adaptive culture and a weak,
inert culture
5. Organizational Structure
• Organizational Architecture
– The organizational structure, control
systems, culture, and human resource
management systems that together
determine how
efficiently and
effectively
organizational
resources are used.
10-5
6. Designing Organizational Structure
• Organizing
– The process by which managers establish
working relationships among employees to
achieve goals.
• Organizational Structure
– Formal system of task and reporting
relationships showing how workers use
resources.
10-6
7. Designing Organizational Structure
• Organizational design
– The process by which managers create a
specific type of organizational structure and
culture so that a company can operate in
the most efficient and effective way
10-7
9. The Organizational Environment
The Organizational Environment
– The quicker the environment changes, the
more problems face managers.
– Structure must be more flexible (i.e.,
decentralized authority) when environmental
change is rapid.
10-9
10. The Organizational Environment
Strategy
– Different strategies require the use of
different structures.
• A differentiation strategy needs a flexible
structure, low cost may need a more
formal structure.
• Increased vertical integration or
diversification also requires a more
flexible structure.
10-10
11. The Organizational Environment
Technology
– The combination of skills, knowledge, tools,
equipment, computers and machines used
in the organization.
– More complex technology makes it harder
for managers to
regulate the
organization.
10-11
12. The Organizational Environment
Technology
– Technology can be measured by:
• Task variety: the number of new
problems a manager encounters.
• Task analyzability: the availability of
programmed solutions to a manager to
solve problems.
10-12
13. The Organizational Environment
Human Resources
– Highly skilled workers whose jobs require
working in teams usually need a more
flexible structure.
– Higher skilled workers (e.g., CPA’s and
doctors) often have internalized professional
norms and values.
10-13
14. The Organizational Environment
• Human Resources
– Managers must take into account all four
factors (environment, strategy, technology
and human resources) when designing the
structure of the organization.
10-14
15. The Organizational Environment
The way an organization’s structure works
depends on the choices managers
make about:
1. How to group tasks into individual jobs
2. How to group jobs into functions and
10-15
divisions
3. How to allocate authority and
coordinate functions and divisions
16. 10-16
Job Design
• Job Design
– The process by which managers decide
how to divide tasks into specific jobs.
– The appropriate division of labor results in
an effective and efficient workforce.
17. 10-17
Question?
What is the process of reducing the tasks
each worker performs?
A. Job simplification
B. Job enlargement
C. Job enrichment
D. Job enhancement
18. 10-18
Job Design
• Job Simplification
– The process of reducing the tasks each
worker performs.
• Too much simplification and boredom
results.
19. 10-19
Job Design
• Job Enlargement
– Increasing the number of different tasks in a
given job by changing the division of labor
• Job Enrichment
– Increasing the degree of responsibility a
worker has over a job
20. 10-20
Job Enrichment
1. Empowering workers to experiment to
find new or better ways of doing the job
2. Encouraging workers to develop new
skills
3. Allowing workers to decide how to do
the work
4. Allowing workers to monitor and
measure their own performance
21. The Job Characteristics Model
10-21
Source: Adapted from J. R. Hackman and G. R. Oldham,
Work Redesign (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1980).
Figure 10.2
22. Job Characteristics Model
Job Characteristic
Skill variety Employee uses a wide range of skills.
Task identity Worker is involved in all tasks of the job
from beginning to end of the production
process
Task significance Worker feels the task is meaningful to
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organization.
Autonomy Employee has freedom to schedule tasks
and carry them out.
Feedback Worker gets direct information about how
well the job is done.
23. Grouping Jobs into Functions
• Function
– Group of people, working together, who
possess similar skills or use the same kind
of knowledge, tools, or techniques to
perform their jobs
10-23
24. Grouping Jobs into Functions
• Functional Structure
– An organizational structure composed of all
the departments that an organization
requires to produce its goods or services.
10-24
25. 10-25
Functional Structure
• Advantages
– Encourages learning from others doing
similar jobs.
– Easy for managers to monitor and evaluate
workers.
– Allows managers to create the set of
functions they need in order to scan and
monitor the competitive environment
26. 10-26
Functional Structure
• Disadvantages
– Difficult for departments to communicate
with others.
– Preoccupation with own department and
losing sight of organizational goals.
28. 10-28
Divisional Structures
• Divisional Structure
– Managers create a series of business units
to produce a specific kind of product for a
specific kind of customer
30. Types of Divisional Structures
• Product Structure
– Managers place each distinct product line or
business in its own self-contained division
– Divisional managers have the responsibility
for devising an appropriate business-level
strategy to allow the division to compete
effectively in its industry
10-30
31. 10-31
Product Structure
• Allows functional managers to specialize
in one product area
• Division managers become experts in
their area
• Removes need for direct supervision of
division by corporate managers
• Divisional management improves the
use of resources
32. Types of Divisional Structures
• Geographic Structure
– Divisions are broken down by geographic
10-32
location
• Global geographic structure
– Managers locate different divisions in each of
the world regions where the organization
operates.
– Generally, occurs when managers are
pursuing a multi-domestic strategy
33. Types of Divisional Structures
• Global Product Structure
– Each product division takes responsibility
for deciding where to manufacture its
products and how to market them in foreign
countries worldwide
10-33
35. Types of Divisional Structures
• Market Structure
– Groups divisions according to the particular
kinds of customers they serve
– Allows managers to be responsive to the
needs of their customers and act flexibly in
making decisions in response to customers’
changing needs
10-35
36. Matrix Design Structure
10-36
• Matrix Structure
– An organizational structure that
simultaneously groups people and
resources by function and product.
• Results in a complex network of superior-subordinate
reporting relationships.
• The structure is very flexible and can respond
rapidly to the need for change.
• Each employee has two bosses (functional
manager and product manager) and possibly
cannot satisfy both.
38. Discussion Question?
Which is the most effective and efficient
10-38
organizational structure?
A. Matrix structure
B. Divisional structure
C. Market structure
D. Geographic structure
39. Product Team Design Structure
• Product Team Structure
– Does away with dual reporting relationships
and two-boss managers
– Functional employees are permanently
assigned to a cross-functional team that is
empowered to bring a new or redesigned
product to work
10-39
40. Product Team Design Structure
• Product Team Structure
– Cross-functional team is composed of a
group of managers from different
departments working together to perform
organizational tasks.
10-40
42. 10-42
Hybrid Structures
• Hybrid Structure
– The structure of a large organization that
has many divisions and simultaneously
uses many different organizational
structures
44. 10-44
Question?
What is the power vested in a manager to
make decisions?
A. Power
B. Influence
C. Authority
D. Control
45. Coordinating Functions:
Allocating Authority
• Authority
– The power vested in a manager to make
decisions and use resources to achieve
organizational goals by virtue of his position
in an organization
10-45
46. Coordinating Functions:
Allocating Authority
• Hierarchy of Authority
– An organization’s chain of command,
specifying the relative authority of each
manager.
• Span of Control: the number of
subordinates who report directly to a
manager
10-46
47. 10-47
Allocating Authority
• Line Manager
– Someone in the direct line or chain of
command who has formal authority over
people and resources
• Staff Manager
–Managers who are functional-area
specialists that give advice to line
managers.
48. 10-48
The
Hierarchy
of Authority
and Span of
Control at
McDonald’s
Corporation
Figure 10.8
49. Tall and Flat Organizations
• Tall structures have many levels of
authority and narrow spans of control.
– As hierarchy levels increase,
communication gets difficult creating delays
in the time being taken to implement
decisions.
– Communications can also become distorted
as it is repeated through the firm.
– Can become expensive
10-49
51. Tall and Flat Organizations
• Flat structures have fewer levels and
wide spans of control.
– Structure results in quick communications
but can lead to overworked managers.
10-51
53. Minimum Chain of Command
• Minimum Chain of Command
– Top managers should always construct a
hierarchy with the fewest levels of authority
necessary to efficiently and effectively use
organizational resources
10-53
54. Centralization and Decentralization of
10-54
Authority
• Decentralizing authority
– giving lower-level managers and non-managerial
employees the right to make
important decisions about how to use
organizational resources
55. Decentralizing Authority
• Disadvantages
– Teams may begin to pursue their own goals
at the expense of organizational goals
– Can result in a lack of communication
among divisions
10-55
57. Organizational Culture
• Organizational culture
– shared set of beliefs, expectations, values,
and norms that influence how members of
an organization relate to one another and
cooperate to achieve organizational goals
10-57
58. Sources of an Organization’s Culture
10-58
Figure 10.11
59. Characteristics of Organizational
10-59
Members
• Ultimate source of organizational culture
is the people that make up the
organization
• Members become similar over time
which may hinder their ability to adapt
and respond to changes in the
environment
60. 10-60
Organizational Ethics
• Organizational Ethics
– moral values, beliefs, and rules that
establish the appropriate way for an
organization and its members to deal with
each other and people outside the
organization
61. Employment Relationship
• Human resource policies:
– Can influence how hard employees will
work to achieve the organization’s goals,
– How attached they will be to it
– Whether or not they will buy into its values
and norms
10-61
62. Organizational Structure
• In a centralized organization:
– people have little autonomy
– norms that focus on being cautious, obeying
authority, and respecting traditions emerge
– predictability and stability are desired goals
10-62
63. Organizational Structure
• In a flat, decentralized structure:
– people have more freedom to choose and
control their own activities
– norms that focus on being creative and
courageous and taking risks appear
– gives rise to a culture in which innovation
and flexibility are desired goals.
10-63
64. Strong, Adaptive Cultures Versus
10-64
Weak, Inert Cultures
• Adaptive cultures
– values and norms help an organization to
build momentum and to grow and change
as needed to achieve
its goals and be
effective
65. Strong, Adaptive Cultures Versus
10-65
Weak, Inert Cultures
• Inert cultures
– Those that lead to values and norms that
fail to motivate or inspire employees
– Lead to stagnation and often failure over
time
66. Movie Example: Apollo 13
10-66
What organizational
structure does
NASA use
to handle a moon
launch?
Editor's Notes
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High task variety and low analyzability present many unique problems to managers.
Flexible structure works best in these conditions.
Low task variety and high analyzability allow managers to rely on established procedures.
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The correct answer is “A” – job simplification. See next slide.
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There is no one best answer. It depends on a firm’s situation. Students should discuss the best situation for each type.
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Managers can select the best structure for a particular division—one division may use a functional structure, another division may have a geographic structure.
The ability to break a large organization into smaller units makes it easier to manage.
The correct answer is “C” – authority. See next slide.
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Described by Leonard Maltin as “exhilarating story of ill-fated Apollo 13 moon mission, and how the heroic work of Jim Lovell and his crew, combined with the dogged persistence of the NASA team in Houston, averted tragedy. In the launch sequence (Ch 12), the flight director asks the different areas (booster, retro, guidance, surgeon, control, capcom, etc.) for a go/no-go for launch. This shows one way an organization can structure itself to accomplish a mission. After the explosion on board the spacecraft, the different areas are asked for input to solve the problem.