emerging technology

1. CHAPTER FIVE
AUGMENTED REALITY (AR)

2. Objective
After completing this chapter, the students will be able to:
 Describe AR
 Explain virtual reality (VR),Augmented reality (AR), VS Mixed
reality (MR)
 Describe architecture of AR systems
 Describe some of the application AR

3. WHAT IS AUGMENTED REALITY?
Augmented reality (AR) is a field of computer research which deals
with the combination of real-world and computer-generated data.
Is a form of emerging technology that allows users to overlay
computer generated content in the real world.
It’s a blending of the real and virtual worlds.
Overlays computer-generated content on top of the real world.
It can superficially interact with the environment in real-time.
Is primarily experienced via a wearable glass device or through
smartphone applications

4. Continued
Augmented content doesn’t recognize or interact with the physical
objects within a real-world environment, however, it does enhance the
user’s experience
Some of the categories of AR products are wearable AR glass (smart
glass), smartphone AR and other AR headsets
Virtual content is aligned and registered with the real objects.
The basic idea of AR is to superimpose graphics, audio and other
sense enhancements over a real-world environment in real-time.
The graphics will then change to accommodate the user’s eye or head
movements.

5. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AR, VR AND MR
Virtual Reality: VR is content which is 100% digital and can be
enjoyed in a fully immersive environment.
Augmented Reality: AR overlays digital content on top of the real-
world.
Mixed Reality: MR is a digital overlay that allows interactive virtual
elements to integrate and interact with the real-world environment.
Mixed Reality removes the boundaries between real and virtual
worlds using occlusion: the computer-generated objects can be visibly
obscured by objects in the physical environment from the user’s point
of view

6. Continued
While all focus primarily on making more rich, interactive and fun
audiovisual experience for the user, the method in doing so is vastly
different.
VR places the user in a whole new immersive, simulated environment.
Users forgot real word for a period of time.
Tricks your senses into thinking you’re in a different environment.
Using a head-mounted display (HMD).

7. Continued
AR is a variation of the known concept of Virtual Reality (VR), which
is often defined as the use of real-time digital computers and other
special hardware and software to generate a simulation of an alternate
world or environment, which is believable as real by the users.
On the contrary, AR allows the user to see the real world, augmenting
it with superimposed virtual objects.
In other words, while VR replaces reality, AR supplements it, creating
an environment in which real and virtual objects harmonically coexist.
AR exploits users’ perceptual-motor skills in the real world, creating a
special type of human-machine interaction

8. Mixed Reality (Hybrid Reality)
Similar to AR in more ways.
Although MR combines real and virtual world just like AR does, it
takes things one step further.
Virtual objects are integrated into and responsive to the real world.
Users can actually view and manipulate things from different angle
such as anatomy model.
In MR you can play a virtual video game, grab your real-world water
bottle, and smack an imaginary character from the game with the
bottle.

9. Continued
Combines several technologies into one wearable device.
Immersive media,
spatial computing, and
hybrid reality intertwine digital content while interacting with a user’s real-world
environment.
It allows for digital content to integrate, enrich and interact with the user’s
real-world environment.
MR lenses or headsets present an overlay of digital content that interacts with
objects in the real world in real-time.
The products are, in most cases, in the research and development phase, but
MR is viewed through transparent wearable glasses

10. Architecture of AR systems
• The first Augmented Reality Systems (ARS) were usually designed
with a basis on three main blocks:
1. Infrastructure Tracker Unit: collecting data, sending to processing unit.
2. Processing Unit: mix real with virtual content and send it to Visual unit.
3. Visual Unit (Video in & Video out): manage captured video for computer
vision and image processing.
• Visual Unit can be classified into two types of system
1. Video see-through: video-mixing and displays the merged images on a
closed-view HMD.
2. Optical see-through: merge the images within an open-view HMD

11. Continued
Scene Generator
Tracking System
Display

12. Continued
 AR System clients provide the user interface.
The Mid Tier makes the user interface available in browsers.
The AR System server implements the workflow functions, access
control, and flow of data into and out of the database.
The database server acts as a data storage and retrieval engine

13. Functionally of AR System
Presentation
Business Process
Data Storage

14. Application of AR systems
Education,
• Interactive Lessons: Overlay educational content onto physical objects or
environments for a more engaging learning experience.
• Remote Training: Provide hands-on training in remote environments using
AR-enabled devices.
Medical
Surgical Guidance:
• Provide surgeons with real-time visualizations of the body, enhancing
accuracy and precision.
Medical Education:
• Train medical professionals in a virtual environment using 3D models.

15. Continued
Entertainment
• AR Games: Overlay virtual game elements onto the real world for
interactive and engaging gameplay.
• Social Media Filters: Enhance user experiences with creative visual
effects and animations.
Remote assistance
• AR enables remote experts to guide users through tasks in real-time by
overlaying visual and audio cues on their view of the environment.
• This can be particularly useful in situations where experts are
geographically distant or unavailable.

16. Thank you