Water pollution occurs when chemicals, physical materials, or biological materials are discharged into water bodies and negatively impact organisms. Many rivers in Malaysia become polluted due to waste dumping from industries like paper mills. Pollution threatens aquatic life and indigenous communities that rely on rivers for food and water. Major sources of water pollution include domestic waste, industrial effluents containing toxins, and agricultural runoff containing fertilizers and pesticides. Pollution leads to issues like eutrophication, hypoxia, disease outbreaks, and the bioaccumulation of toxins in the food chain, harming both the environment and human health. Solutions include better enforcement of laws, controlled development, stopping deforestation, and preventing oil spills and emissions