1. The document discusses heat transfer through building structures via conduction and describes the various external heat loads to consider for cooling load calculations, including solar heat gain.
2. It explains that heat transfer occurs through conduction within building materials on a molecular level, convection through air movement, and radiation through electromagnetic waves.
3. Methods of calculating conduction heat transfer rate through walls using surface area, transmittance value, and temperature difference are presented.
1. The document discusses heat transfer through building structures via conduction. It describes how heat is conducted through walls, floors, ceilings, and other building components.
2. It explains the three primary modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves heat transfer at a molecular level through direct contact. Convection involves heat transfer via mass movement. Radiation involves heat transfer via electromagnetic waves.
3. It provides key equations for calculating conduction heat transfer rates through building walls and discusses factors like surface area, temperature difference, and transmittance value.
67243 cooling and heating & calculationA.M. ATIQULLAH
The document discusses heat gain through building structures via conduction. It describes how heat is transferred through exterior walls, roofs, windows, and doors due to temperature differences. It explains that the solar radiation absorbed by outside surfaces of walls and roofs increases their temperature above the outside air temperature, which is known as the solar air temperature. The heat gain through walls and roofs can be calculated using the CLTD method, which factors in the surface area, overall U-value, and CLTD value from tables based on location and time of day. Infiltration through doors and windows also contributes to heat gain as outside air flows into the building.
67243 cooling and heating & calculationA.M. ATIQULLAH
This document provides information about an upcoming presentation on cooling and heating load calculation. It lists the objectives of understanding aspects of cooling and heating loads, building surveys, and calculating external and internal loads. It also covers psychrometric charts, solar heat gain calculation, refrigeration plant capacity, and equipment selection. References for several textbooks on refrigeration and air conditioning are provided.
67243 cooling and heating load calculationA.M. ATIQULLAH
বিষয় কোডঃ ৬৭২৪৩
বিষয়ঃ কুলিং অ্যান্ড হিটিং লোড ক্যালকুলেশন
অধ্যায়ঃ- ৪ (বিল্ডিং সার্ভের মাধ্যমে শীতাতপ নিয়ন্ত্রণ ব্যবস্থার হিট লোড নির্ণ্য়)
উপস্থাপনায়ঃ
আবু মোহাম্মদ আতিকুল্যা
ইন্সট্রাক্টর (টেক্) আর এসি
ঢাকা পলিটেকনিক ইন্সটিটিউট,
তেজগাঁও,ঢাকা-১২০৮।
Subject Code: 67243
Subject: Cooling And Heating Load Calculation
Chapter: 04 (Understand the Building Survey for Air Conditioning Heat Load)
Presented By: A.M.ATIQULLAH.
Instructor(Tech) RAC
Dhaka Polytechnic Institute,
Tejgaon,Dhaka-1208.
67243 cooling and heating & calculationA.M. ATIQULLAH
1. The document discusses building survey for air conditioning heat load calculation. It explains that a building survey needs to be conducted to understand the various heat sources in the building in order to accurately estimate the heat load.
2. Physical factors that need to be considered during the survey include heat from lights, fans, people, plugs and sockets. Ventilation heat, outside air temperature, and wall/roof heat transmission should also be accounted for.
3. Standard charts and tables from organizations like ASHRAE, ARI and Carrier provide data on ventilation heat, outside air heat, and heat from common building elements to simplify heat load calculations.
This document discusses heat pipes and their applications in HVAC systems. It describes several projects using heat pipe heat exchangers (HPHEXs) for applications such as free reheat in dehumidification systems, waste energy recovery from building exhaust air, and heating emitters. It discusses the progress of a consortium working on novel heat pipe technology with funding from the SIRAC Kick-Start Fund, including designing a new heat exchanger, conducting market studies, and establishing long-term collaborative relationships between researchers and industry partners.
Comparative Study of M&V Baseline Models for Energy Savings in Building Renov...IES VE
Presentation from SBE19-Thessaloniki conference delivered by IES Senior R&D Consultant, Adalberto Guerra Cabrera on research conducted as part of the EU Horizon 2020 funded SunHorizon project.
1. The document discusses heat transfer through building structures via conduction. It describes how heat is conducted through walls, floors, ceilings, and other building components.
2. It explains the three primary modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves heat transfer at a molecular level through direct contact. Convection involves heat transfer via mass movement. Radiation involves heat transfer via electromagnetic waves.
3. It provides key equations for calculating conduction heat transfer rates through building walls and discusses factors like surface area, temperature difference, and transmittance value.
67243 cooling and heating & calculationA.M. ATIQULLAH
The document discusses heat gain through building structures via conduction. It describes how heat is transferred through exterior walls, roofs, windows, and doors due to temperature differences. It explains that the solar radiation absorbed by outside surfaces of walls and roofs increases their temperature above the outside air temperature, which is known as the solar air temperature. The heat gain through walls and roofs can be calculated using the CLTD method, which factors in the surface area, overall U-value, and CLTD value from tables based on location and time of day. Infiltration through doors and windows also contributes to heat gain as outside air flows into the building.
67243 cooling and heating & calculationA.M. ATIQULLAH
This document provides information about an upcoming presentation on cooling and heating load calculation. It lists the objectives of understanding aspects of cooling and heating loads, building surveys, and calculating external and internal loads. It also covers psychrometric charts, solar heat gain calculation, refrigeration plant capacity, and equipment selection. References for several textbooks on refrigeration and air conditioning are provided.
67243 cooling and heating load calculationA.M. ATIQULLAH
বিষয় কোডঃ ৬৭২৪৩
বিষয়ঃ কুলিং অ্যান্ড হিটিং লোড ক্যালকুলেশন
অধ্যায়ঃ- ৪ (বিল্ডিং সার্ভের মাধ্যমে শীতাতপ নিয়ন্ত্রণ ব্যবস্থার হিট লোড নির্ণ্য়)
উপস্থাপনায়ঃ
আবু মোহাম্মদ আতিকুল্যা
ইন্সট্রাক্টর (টেক্) আর এসি
ঢাকা পলিটেকনিক ইন্সটিটিউট,
তেজগাঁও,ঢাকা-১২০৮।
Subject Code: 67243
Subject: Cooling And Heating Load Calculation
Chapter: 04 (Understand the Building Survey for Air Conditioning Heat Load)
Presented By: A.M.ATIQULLAH.
Instructor(Tech) RAC
Dhaka Polytechnic Institute,
Tejgaon,Dhaka-1208.
67243 cooling and heating & calculationA.M. ATIQULLAH
1. The document discusses building survey for air conditioning heat load calculation. It explains that a building survey needs to be conducted to understand the various heat sources in the building in order to accurately estimate the heat load.
2. Physical factors that need to be considered during the survey include heat from lights, fans, people, plugs and sockets. Ventilation heat, outside air temperature, and wall/roof heat transmission should also be accounted for.
3. Standard charts and tables from organizations like ASHRAE, ARI and Carrier provide data on ventilation heat, outside air heat, and heat from common building elements to simplify heat load calculations.
This document discusses heat pipes and their applications in HVAC systems. It describes several projects using heat pipe heat exchangers (HPHEXs) for applications such as free reheat in dehumidification systems, waste energy recovery from building exhaust air, and heating emitters. It discusses the progress of a consortium working on novel heat pipe technology with funding from the SIRAC Kick-Start Fund, including designing a new heat exchanger, conducting market studies, and establishing long-term collaborative relationships between researchers and industry partners.
Comparative Study of M&V Baseline Models for Energy Savings in Building Renov...IES VE
Presentation from SBE19-Thessaloniki conference delivered by IES Senior R&D Consultant, Adalberto Guerra Cabrera on research conducted as part of the EU Horizon 2020 funded SunHorizon project.
This newsletter from Spectro Group provides updates on the company and industry news. It includes:
1) An editorial welcoming readers to the fourth edition and discussing Spectro's focus on sharing informative science and technology articles.
2) An article summarizing a new study finding that lightning strikes are expected to increase up to 50% by the end of the century as climate change makes air warmer and wetter.
3) An overview of Spectro's certification to conduct residual life assessment studies of boilers to evaluate their remaining safe operating lifespan.
5+ Energy Saver for Cooling Systems (A/C, freezers, coolers, etc)Y Consulting LLC
The document summarizes a technology called 5+ that can save energy and increase cooling performance in air conditioning and refrigeration systems. It consists of valves added to a cooling circuit that can cut operating costs by 20-40% while enhancing cooling capacity and maintaining temperature and humidity levels. Test results show it can save over 40% on electricity costs and increase cooling capacity by over 27%. It has received awards in Thailand and cuts costs through reduced electricity bills and longer system lifespan.
This document discusses heating and cooling curves for electrical machines. It states that a machine can be modeled as developing heat internally at a uniform rate and dissipating heat proportionally to temperature rise. The document outlines the relationships between heat developed, heat stored, and heat dissipated over small time increments. It defines the heating time constant as the time required for a machine to reach 63.2% of its final steady temperature rise. Similarly, it introduces the concept of a cooling time constant but does not define it. The document is a presentation on heating and cooling curves for electrical machines delivered by Dr. R. Raja.
Space Systems & Space Subsystems Fundamentals Technical Training Course SamplerJim Jenkins
This four-day course in space systems and space subsystems is for technical and management personnel who wish to gain an understanding of the important technical concepts in the development of space instrumentation, subsystems, and systems. The goal is to assist students to achieve their professional potential by endowing them with an understanding of the subsystems and supporting disciplines important to developing space instrumentation, space subsystems, and space systems. It designed for participants who expect to plan, design, build, integrate, test, launch, operate or manage subsystems, space systems, launch vehicles, spacecraft, payloads, or ground systems. The objective is to expose each participant to the fundamentals of each subsystem and their inter-relations, to not necessarily make each student a systems engineer, but to give aerospace engineers and managers a technically based space systems perspective. The fundamental concepts are introduced and illustrated by state-of-the-art examples. This course differs from the typical space systems course in that the technical aspects of each important subsystem are addressed.
Piezoelectric Thermo-Acoustic Refrigeration System with Peltier Module Energy...IRJET Journal
The document describes the design and analysis of a piezoelectric thermo-acoustic refrigeration system with Peltier module energy regeneration. The system uses acoustic waves generated by a piezoelectric speaker to transport heat across a temperature gradient in an aluminum stack. A Peltier module is used to convert waste heat to electricity. The components, design considerations, DeltaEC model, and theoretical analysis results showing temperature drop are discussed. The system aims to provide efficient refrigeration using thermoacoustic principles without moving parts or hazardous refrigerants.
This document summarizes a lightning protection study conducted at the Lawe-Lawe Terminal main base office and facilities owned by PT Pertamina Hulu Kalimantan Timur. There have been previous lightning strikes at the facility. The study assessed the existing lightning protection systems, grounding installations, and made recommendations for improvements. Key areas studied included the process plant, crude oil tank area, power house, control center, main office, telecommunications tower, IT equipment room, electrical room, transformer shelter, and laboratory. Deficiencies were identified and detailed engineering designs were recommended to upgrade the lightning protection and ensure operational safety.
Electrical Drives and Control Heating and Cooling CurvesDr.Raja R
Electrical Drives and Control
Heating and Cooling Curves
Relation Ship Between Temperature Rise and Time:
Heating time constant
Cooling time constant
MUTHAYAMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE
প্রথম বর্ষ, প্রথম পর্ব, রেফ্রিজারেশন অ্যান্ড এয়ার কন্ডিশনিং টেকনোলজি (আর এটি) উপস্থাপনায়: আবু মোহাম্মদ আতিকুল্যা
ইন্সট্রাক্টর (টেক্) আর এসি, ঢাকা পলিটেকনিক ইন্সটিটিউট,তেজগাঁও শিি/এ, ঢাকা-১২০৮।
forced heat convection | HEAT TRANSFER LaboratorySaif al-din ali
SAIF ALDIN ALI MADIN
سيف الدين علي ماضي
S96aif@gmail.com
Experiment Name: Forced Heat Convection
2. Experiment Aim:
1. Calculating the forced heat convection coefficient (ℎ퐹퐶) for a heated cylinder
2. Find the relations between Re N, and NuNo. for fluid flow around a cylinder
3. Introduction:
Convection; is the mode of energy transfer between a solid surface and
the adjacent liquid or gas that is in motion, and it involves the
combined effects of conduction and fluid motion, convection is divided
into two types:
UN Environment is inviting Mr. Atiqullah to attend an intensive training workshop on R290-based room air conditioners in Guangzhou, China from November 22-24, 2018. The workshop will provide training on best practices and maintenance procedures for R290 air conditioners. UN Environment will cover the costs of airfare and daily subsistence allowance for participants according to UN rules. Participants are responsible for obtaining a Chinese visa and any travel/health insurance.
This document summarizes an experiment on the impact of jets using a hydraulic bench. The experiment aims to demonstrate that the force on a vane is proportional to the rate of delivery of momentum from a jet. Students collect data on the distance moved by a jockey weight under different flow rates. The results show the force on the vane increases linearly with the rate of delivery of momentum from the jet, consistent with theoretical expectations, although actual forces measured are slightly lower than predicted.
Chapter 5 ( understand the external heat load for cooling load calculation) d...A.M. ATIQULLAH
4th semester diploma in engineering refrigeration and air conditioning technology (RAT) Chapter-05 ( understand the external heat load for cooling load calculation)
4th semester diploma in engineering refrigeration and air conditioning technology(RAT) Chapter-05(understand the external heat load for cooling load calculation)
67243 -cooling and heating load calculationA.M. ATIQULLAH
The document provides information about internal heat loads in air conditioning, including heat gain from products, occupants, and appliances. Heat gain from products refers mainly to the heat generated by various types of stored goods. The heat gain from occupants considers the metabolic heat and sensible heat generated by the number of people present. Small appliances that are commonly used in conditioned spaces, such as computers, dryers, TVs, are also sources of heat gain. The importance of considering the chilling rate factor when calculating heat loads from products or appliances is emphasized, as the initial cooling load rate is typically 1.5 times higher than steady-state rate.
বিষয় কোডঃ ৬৭২৪৩
বিষয়ঃ কুলিং অ্যান্ড হিটিং লোড ক্যালকুলেশন
অধ্যায়ঃ- ৪ (বিল্ডিং সার্ভের মাধ্যমে শীতাতপ নিয়ন্ত্রণ ব্যবস্থার হিট লোড নির্ণ্য়)
উপস্থাপনায়ঃ
আবু মোহাম্মদ আতিকুল্যা
ইন্সট্রাক্টর (টেক্) আর এসি
ঢাকা পলিটেকনিক ইন্সটিটিউট,
তেজগাঁও,ঢাকা-১২০৮।
Subject Code: 67243
Subject: Cooling And Heating Load Calculation
Chapter: 04 (Understand the Building Survey for Air Conditioning Heat Load)
Presented By: A.M.ATIQULLAH.
Instructor(Tech) RAC
Dhaka Polytechnic Institute,
Tejgaon,Dhaka-1208.
This newsletter from Spectro Group provides updates on the company and industry news. It includes:
1) An editorial welcoming readers to the fourth edition and discussing Spectro's focus on sharing informative science and technology articles.
2) An article summarizing a new study finding that lightning strikes are expected to increase up to 50% by the end of the century as climate change makes air warmer and wetter.
3) An overview of Spectro's certification to conduct residual life assessment studies of boilers to evaluate their remaining safe operating lifespan.
5+ Energy Saver for Cooling Systems (A/C, freezers, coolers, etc)Y Consulting LLC
The document summarizes a technology called 5+ that can save energy and increase cooling performance in air conditioning and refrigeration systems. It consists of valves added to a cooling circuit that can cut operating costs by 20-40% while enhancing cooling capacity and maintaining temperature and humidity levels. Test results show it can save over 40% on electricity costs and increase cooling capacity by over 27%. It has received awards in Thailand and cuts costs through reduced electricity bills and longer system lifespan.
This document discusses heating and cooling curves for electrical machines. It states that a machine can be modeled as developing heat internally at a uniform rate and dissipating heat proportionally to temperature rise. The document outlines the relationships between heat developed, heat stored, and heat dissipated over small time increments. It defines the heating time constant as the time required for a machine to reach 63.2% of its final steady temperature rise. Similarly, it introduces the concept of a cooling time constant but does not define it. The document is a presentation on heating and cooling curves for electrical machines delivered by Dr. R. Raja.
Space Systems & Space Subsystems Fundamentals Technical Training Course SamplerJim Jenkins
This four-day course in space systems and space subsystems is for technical and management personnel who wish to gain an understanding of the important technical concepts in the development of space instrumentation, subsystems, and systems. The goal is to assist students to achieve their professional potential by endowing them with an understanding of the subsystems and supporting disciplines important to developing space instrumentation, space subsystems, and space systems. It designed for participants who expect to plan, design, build, integrate, test, launch, operate or manage subsystems, space systems, launch vehicles, spacecraft, payloads, or ground systems. The objective is to expose each participant to the fundamentals of each subsystem and their inter-relations, to not necessarily make each student a systems engineer, but to give aerospace engineers and managers a technically based space systems perspective. The fundamental concepts are introduced and illustrated by state-of-the-art examples. This course differs from the typical space systems course in that the technical aspects of each important subsystem are addressed.
Piezoelectric Thermo-Acoustic Refrigeration System with Peltier Module Energy...IRJET Journal
The document describes the design and analysis of a piezoelectric thermo-acoustic refrigeration system with Peltier module energy regeneration. The system uses acoustic waves generated by a piezoelectric speaker to transport heat across a temperature gradient in an aluminum stack. A Peltier module is used to convert waste heat to electricity. The components, design considerations, DeltaEC model, and theoretical analysis results showing temperature drop are discussed. The system aims to provide efficient refrigeration using thermoacoustic principles without moving parts or hazardous refrigerants.
This document summarizes a lightning protection study conducted at the Lawe-Lawe Terminal main base office and facilities owned by PT Pertamina Hulu Kalimantan Timur. There have been previous lightning strikes at the facility. The study assessed the existing lightning protection systems, grounding installations, and made recommendations for improvements. Key areas studied included the process plant, crude oil tank area, power house, control center, main office, telecommunications tower, IT equipment room, electrical room, transformer shelter, and laboratory. Deficiencies were identified and detailed engineering designs were recommended to upgrade the lightning protection and ensure operational safety.
Electrical Drives and Control Heating and Cooling CurvesDr.Raja R
Electrical Drives and Control
Heating and Cooling Curves
Relation Ship Between Temperature Rise and Time:
Heating time constant
Cooling time constant
MUTHAYAMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE
প্রথম বর্ষ, প্রথম পর্ব, রেফ্রিজারেশন অ্যান্ড এয়ার কন্ডিশনিং টেকনোলজি (আর এটি) উপস্থাপনায়: আবু মোহাম্মদ আতিকুল্যা
ইন্সট্রাক্টর (টেক্) আর এসি, ঢাকা পলিটেকনিক ইন্সটিটিউট,তেজগাঁও শিি/এ, ঢাকা-১২০৮।
forced heat convection | HEAT TRANSFER LaboratorySaif al-din ali
SAIF ALDIN ALI MADIN
سيف الدين علي ماضي
S96aif@gmail.com
Experiment Name: Forced Heat Convection
2. Experiment Aim:
1. Calculating the forced heat convection coefficient (ℎ퐹퐶) for a heated cylinder
2. Find the relations between Re N, and NuNo. for fluid flow around a cylinder
3. Introduction:
Convection; is the mode of energy transfer between a solid surface and
the adjacent liquid or gas that is in motion, and it involves the
combined effects of conduction and fluid motion, convection is divided
into two types:
UN Environment is inviting Mr. Atiqullah to attend an intensive training workshop on R290-based room air conditioners in Guangzhou, China from November 22-24, 2018. The workshop will provide training on best practices and maintenance procedures for R290 air conditioners. UN Environment will cover the costs of airfare and daily subsistence allowance for participants according to UN rules. Participants are responsible for obtaining a Chinese visa and any travel/health insurance.
This document summarizes an experiment on the impact of jets using a hydraulic bench. The experiment aims to demonstrate that the force on a vane is proportional to the rate of delivery of momentum from a jet. Students collect data on the distance moved by a jockey weight under different flow rates. The results show the force on the vane increases linearly with the rate of delivery of momentum from the jet, consistent with theoretical expectations, although actual forces measured are slightly lower than predicted.
Chapter 5 ( understand the external heat load for cooling load calculation) d...A.M. ATIQULLAH
4th semester diploma in engineering refrigeration and air conditioning technology (RAT) Chapter-05 ( understand the external heat load for cooling load calculation)
4th semester diploma in engineering refrigeration and air conditioning technology(RAT) Chapter-05(understand the external heat load for cooling load calculation)
67243 -cooling and heating load calculationA.M. ATIQULLAH
The document provides information about internal heat loads in air conditioning, including heat gain from products, occupants, and appliances. Heat gain from products refers mainly to the heat generated by various types of stored goods. The heat gain from occupants considers the metabolic heat and sensible heat generated by the number of people present. Small appliances that are commonly used in conditioned spaces, such as computers, dryers, TVs, are also sources of heat gain. The importance of considering the chilling rate factor when calculating heat loads from products or appliances is emphasized, as the initial cooling load rate is typically 1.5 times higher than steady-state rate.
বিষয় কোডঃ ৬৭২৪৩
বিষয়ঃ কুলিং অ্যান্ড হিটিং লোড ক্যালকুলেশন
অধ্যায়ঃ- ৪ (বিল্ডিং সার্ভের মাধ্যমে শীতাতপ নিয়ন্ত্রণ ব্যবস্থার হিট লোড নির্ণ্য়)
উপস্থাপনায়ঃ
আবু মোহাম্মদ আতিকুল্যা
ইন্সট্রাক্টর (টেক্) আর এসি
ঢাকা পলিটেকনিক ইন্সটিটিউট,
তেজগাঁও,ঢাকা-১২০৮।
Subject Code: 67243
Subject: Cooling And Heating Load Calculation
Chapter: 04 (Understand the Building Survey for Air Conditioning Heat Load)
Presented By: A.M.ATIQULLAH.
Instructor(Tech) RAC
Dhaka Polytechnic Institute,
Tejgaon,Dhaka-1208.
This presentation template provides instructions for editing and using the template in PowerPoint or Google Slides. It contains various slides demonstrating design elements like quotes, images, diagrams, tables, and icons that can be used in a presentation. The final slides thank the audience and provide credits for resources used in the template. The presentation is meant to serve as an example of best practices and elements that can be included in presentations.
This document summarizes a presentation by A.M. Atiqullah from Batch 11, Group B. It outlines three best plans of action, including developing a refrigeration and air conditioning lab for students by June 2018, providing competence-based learning activities in the lab within six months, and developing a chemistry lab within six months. It also briefly lists the key learnings from NYP and seven total plans of action, such as developing additional labs, student career development, and increasing practical based learning.
67243 cooling and heating & calculationA.M. ATIQULLAH
The document discusses heat gain in air conditioning systems. It describes the three main sources of internal heat gain: from products or processes in the space, from occupants, and from appliances used in the space. Heat gain from products is calculated based on the quantity, specific heat, and temperature difference of the products. Heat gain from occupants considers the number of people and their activity levels. Appliances like computers, dryers, and TVs that are used in the conditioned space also contribute to internal heat gain. It emphasizes the importance of considering the chilling rate factor when calculating heat gains, as products may not reach design temperature immediately during initial cooling.
67243 cooling and heating load calculation chapter-2A.M. ATIQULLAH
The document discusses psychrometry, which is the study of properties of air and water vapor mixtures. It defines key terms like dry air, moist air, saturated air, humidity, absolute humidity, relative humidity, dry bulb temperature, and wet bulb temperature. Dry bulb temperature refers to the usual temperature reading in a thermometer, while wet bulb temperature is lower and accounts for evaporative cooling effects from a wet wick. Relative humidity compares the actual water vapor content in air to the maximum it could hold at the same temperature and pressure. The document provides background on the composition of dry air and the various processes involved in psychrometric analysis.
67243 cooling and heating load calculationA.M. ATIQULLAH
This document contains information from an instructor on calculating solar heat load. It begins with introducing key concepts like direct and diffuse radiation. It then provides formulas and equations for calculating various components of solar radiation heat gain, such as the direct radiation on a surface based on its orientation and location. These include equations for calculating solar intensity, azimuth, declination, and more. The document aims to explain the methodology for computing the total solar heat load on a building or structure.
67243 cooling and heating load calculationA.M. ATIQULLAH
The document discusses psychrometry, which is the study of properties of air and water vapor mixtures. It defines key terms like dry air, moist air, saturated air, humidity, absolute humidity, relative humidity, dry bulb temperature, and wet bulb temperature. Dry bulb temperature refers to the usual temperature reading in a thermometer, while wet bulb temperature is lower and accounts for evaporative cooling effects from a wet wick. Relative humidity compares the actual water vapor content in air to the maximum it could hold at the same temperature and pressure. The psychrometric chart graphs these properties and is used to analyze air conditioning processes.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
8. S.O: 5.4 Calculate the Heat Gain Due
to Infiltration and Ventilation Load
of Door and Window.
S.O: 5.5 Solve the Problems
Relating to the External HeatLoad
PresentedBy:A.M.ATIQULLAH,INSTRUCTOR(Tech)RACDHAKA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE,TEJGAONI/ADhaka-1208
12. Primary Heat Transport Modesare:
1.Conduction(পরিবহণ): Heatflow
onaMolecularScale.Mediumat
RestorMoving.
2.Convection(cwiPjb): Heat Conveyed
as Internal Thermal Energy of
Mass that is Displaced by Mean
or Turbulent Motion
PresentedBy:A.M.ATIQULLAH,INSTRUCTOR(Tech)RACDHAKA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE,TEJGAONI/ADhaka-1208
18. 3. Radiant Heat Exchange Radiation Heat Transfer is Very
Important in Building Application in the Following a Reason:
(a) Short Wave Length Radiation:
Solar Heat Absorption on Opaque Exterior
Surfaces,
Solar Heat Transmission Through
Transparent Surfaces,
Solar Heat Absorption and Reflection by
Interior Buildings Unlaces,
Absorptionand Reflection ofSolar Heat
by Window Glass.
PresentedBy:A.M.ATIQULLAH,INSTRUCTOR(Tech)RACDHAKA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE,TEJGAONI/ADhaka-1208
19. (b) Long-WaveLength Radiation:
Heat Emission by theExterior
Surfaces to the Sky,
HeatExchangeAmongInteriorSurfaces
Heat Exchange Between Interior
Surfaces and Occupants,
Heat Exchange Between the
LightingFixtureandInteriorSurfaces
PresentedBy:A.M.ATIQULLAH,INSTRUCTOR(Tech)RACDHAKA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE,TEJGAONI/ADhaka-1208
23. Heat TransferThroughConduction:
Heat Transfer Through aMaterialTakes
Place byConduction fromWarmtoColdSide
TheSameProcessTakesPlaceinaBuilding
Generallythe Thermal Conductivityof the
Building Materials will be Much Lower.
In Solid Bodies IncludingBuilding
Components,Thermal Conduction Takes
PlacewhenOne Part of the Component is
Subjected to HigherTemperature and the
OtherPart toaLower TemperatureCondition.
PresentedBy:A.M.ATIQULLAH,INSTRUCTOR(Tech)RACDHAKA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE,TEJGAONI/ADhaka-1208
24. Most Cases of Thermal Conduction are
UsuallyAnalysedand Treatedin Their
Simplifiedform as One DimensionalHeat
Flow Cases, i.e. Heat Flowin Directions
Other Thanthe Main Direction isNeglected.
Similarly, if the Changes in Atmospheric
Conditions(Inside orOutside)are Assumed
to be Very Slow,NeglectingThese
Changes, the Process of
Heat Transfer Can be Assumedto be
"SteadyStateHeat Transfer" in its
Simplified Form.
PresentedBy:A.M.ATIQULLAH,INSTRUCTOR(Tech)RACDHAKA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE,TEJGAONI/ADhaka-1208
25. Conduction Heat Flow Rate Through a Wall of given Area can be
Calculatedusing
Qc = A×U× ∆𝐭 𝐄
Qc= Conduction Heat FlowRatein W
A = SurfaceArea in m2
U = TransmittanceValue in W/m2℃
∆𝐭 𝐄= TemperatureDifference
(Effective Temperature)
PresentedBy:A.M.ATIQULLAH,INSTRUCTOR(Tech)RACDHAKA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE,TEJGAONI/ADhaka-1208
32. ফসািাি এয়াি তাপ াত্রা (Solar Air Temp):
In Summer the Solar Radiation Affects
the Outside Surface of Wall and Roof.
The Absorbed Radiation Increases the
Temperature of the Outside Surface to a Value
that is Greater than Outside Air Temperature.
This Outside Surface Temperature is
Called Solar Air Temperature.
PresentedBy:A.M.ATIQULLAH,INSTRUCTOR(Tech)RACDHAKA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE,TEJGAONI/ADhaka-1208
43. Shading Coefficient(SC)
∴ SC = F(𝝀, 𝜽) =T(𝝀, 𝜽) + N × A (𝝀, 𝜽)
Here, 𝝀(Lamda) is the Wave Lengh of
Radiation and 𝛉 is the Angle of Incidence.
“T” is theTransmissivity of the Glass,
“A” is its Absorptivity, and “N” is the
Fraction of Absorbed Energy that is
Re-Emitted into the Space.
The Overall Shading Coefficient is thus
given by the Ratio:
S.C = F(𝛌, 𝛉)1 /F(𝛌, 𝛉)0
PresentedBy:A.M.ATIQULLAH,INSTRUCTOR(Tech)RACDHAKA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE,TEJGAONI/ADhaka-1208
44. Solar Heat Gain Co-efficient (SHGC)
T = 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝒏𝒎
𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟎𝒏𝒎
𝑻(𝝀)𝑬 𝝀 𝒅 𝝀
Here ’’T’’ (𝝀) is the Spectral
Transmittance at a given Wave Length
In Nanometers and E(𝝀) is the Incident
Solar Spectral Irrandiance
PresentedBy:A.M.ATIQULLAH,INSTRUCTOR(Tech)RACDHAKA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE,TEJGAONI/ADhaka-1208
47. Infiltration is Described as Outside Air
that Leaks into a Building Structure.
These Leaks Could be Through the Building
Construction or Through Entry Doors.
Infiltration Heat Gains are Found by the
Following Equations.
These Equations are Discussed More in
the Psychrometrics Section
PresentedBy:A.M.ATIQULLAH,INSTRUCTOR(Tech)RACDHAKA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE,TEJGAONI/ADhaka-1208
48. The First Equation is the Total Heat
Gains Using Enthalpy.
In this Equation, the Volumetric flow
Rate of the Infiltration or Ventilation
Air Must be Known.
This Value is Converted and
Multiplied by the Difference in
Enthalpy Between the Outdoor Air
Conditions and the Indoor Air-
Conditions.
PresentedBy:A.M.ATIQULLAH,INSTRUCTOR(Tech)RACDHAKA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE,TEJGAONI/ADhaka-1208
49. The Following Two Equation Split
the Total Heat Gain into the
Sensible and Latent Heat Loads.
Sensible Heat Gains are Calculated
by Multiplying the CFM of the
Infiltrated Air by the Difference in
the Temperatures of the Indoor and
Outdoor Air
PresentedBy:A.M.ATIQULLAH,INSTRUCTOR(Tech)RACDHAKA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE,TEJGAONI/ADhaka-1208
51. How to Calculate Heat Load :
Calculating aHeat Load is Necessary
Before theInstallation of aRadiant
HeatingSystemcanBegin, Since
Different Typesof Radiant Heating
Systems have Different BTU
Output Values.
PresentedBy:A.M.ATIQULLAH,INSTRUCTOR(Tech)RACDHAKA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE,TEJGAONI/ADhaka-1208
52. A Typical Heat Load Calculation
Consists of Surface HeatLoss
CalculationandHeat Lossdueto
Air Infiltration.BothShouldbedone
Separatelyfor Every Room in the
House, So Having a FloorPlan with
Dimensions of allWalls, Floors,
Ceiling, as Well as Doors and
Windows is a Good Placeto Start.
PresentedBy:A.M.ATIQULLAH,INSTRUCTOR(Tech)RACDHAKA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE,TEJGAONI/ADhaka-1208
53. Belowis a Sample5-step Manual to
Surface Heat Loss Calculation:
Step1–CalculateDeltaT(DesignTemperature)
DeltaTisaDifferenceBetweenIndoor
DesignTemperature(T1)andOutdoor
Design Temperature (T2),Where Indoor
Design Temperature is Typically 68-72℉
Depending onYour Preference,and
Outdoordesigntemperatureisatypical
Low Duringthe Heating Season.
PresentedBy:A.M.ATIQULLAH,INSTRUCTOR(Tech)RACDHAKA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE,TEJGAONI/ADhaka-1208
54. The Former can be Obtained by
Calling yourLocal Utility Company
Assuming that T1is72℉and T2 is
–5℉, Delta T = 72℉- (-5℉)
=(72℉+5℉) = 77℉
Step 2 – Calculate Surface Area:
If the Calculation is done for an
OutsideWall,with Windows and Doors,
theCalculationsfortheWindowand
PresentedBy:A.M.ATIQULLAH,INSTRUCTOR(Tech)RACDHAKA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE,TEJGAONI/ADhaka-1208
55. DoorHeatLoss Should be doneSeparately
Wall Area = Height x Width –Door
Surface-Window Surface
If, Wall Area = 8 ftx 22 ft – 24 sqft –
14sqft=176sqft–38sqft=138sqft
Step 3 – Calculate U-value:
Use "Typical R-Values and U-Values"
Guide to Obtain the Wall R-Value.
U-Value = 1 / R-Value
PresentedBy:A.M.ATIQULLAH,INSTRUCTOR(Tech)RACDHAKA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE,TEJGAONI/ADhaka-1208
56. U-Value = 1 / 14.3 = 0.07
Step4–CalculateWallSurfaceHeatLoss:
SurfaceHeat Loss can be Calculated
Using the Formulabelow:
Surface Heat Loss = U-Value× Wall
Area× Delta T
If, SurfaceHeat Loss = 0.07× 138 sq
ft × 77 °F = 744 BTUH is
(U-valueisbasedonassuminga2×4woodframewallwith3.5"fiber
glass insulation)
PresentedBy:A.M.ATIQULLAH,INSTRUCTOR(Tech)RACDHAKA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE,TEJGAONI/ADhaka-1208
57. Step5–CalculateTotal Wall Heat Loss:
Follow the Steps 1 through 4 to
Calculate Heat LossSeparately
for Windows, Doors, and Ceiling.
If, Door Heat Loss= 0.49× 24sq
ft× 77F = 906 BTUH
(U-value is based on assuminga solid wood door)
PresentedBy:A.M.ATIQULLAH,INSTRUCTOR(Tech)RACDHAKA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE,TEJGAONI/ADhaka-1208
58. If, WindowHeat Loss = 0.65 × 14sqft
× 77F = 701 BTUH
(U-valueis based on assuminga double-panelwindow)
If, Ceiling Heat Loss = 0.05 × 352sq
ft × 77F = 1355 BTUH
(U-valueis based on assuminga 6"fiber glass insulation.Ceiling
surface is 22ft ×16ft)
Now, Add All the Number Together:
Total Wall Heat Loss = (WallLoss +
WindowLoss+DoorLoss+CeilingLoss)
PresentedBy:A.M.ATIQULLAH,INSTRUCTOR(Tech)RACDHAKA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE,TEJGAONI/ADhaka-1208
59. Total Wall Heat Loss = (744 BTUH +
906 BTUH + 701 BTUH + 1352 BTUH)
= 3,703 BTUH
Air Infiltration Rates Should
Always be taken into Consideration
The Following Formula can beUsed
toCalculateHeatLossforaRoom
due to Air Infiltration:
PresentedBy:A.M.ATIQULLAH,INSTRUCTOR(Tech)RACDHAKA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE,TEJGAONI/ADhaka-1208
60. Air Infiltration Heat Loss= Room
Volume × Delta T × Air Changes per
Hour × 0.018
Where Room Volume = Length ×
Width × Height
Air Changes per Hour Accounts forAir
Leakage into the Room.
ForExample: Air Infiltration Heat Loss =
(22ft × 16ft × 8ft) × 77F × 1.2 × 0.018 =
4,683 BTUH
Note:“ForActualCalculations, Contact YourContractor orSystemDesigner”.
PresentedBy:A.M.ATIQULLAH,INSTRUCTOR(Tech)RACDHAKA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE,TEJGAONI/ADhaka-1208
61. Latent Heat Gains areCalculatedby
Multiplying the CFM of Infiltrated
Airby the Differencein the Humidity
RatiooftheIndoorAirandtheOutdoor Air
Qlatent = 4,840 × 𝑪𝑭𝑴 × (𝑾𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒅𝒐𝒐𝒓-
Windoor)
W=Humidityratio[lbmwet /lbmdry]
PresentedBy:A.M.ATIQULLAH,INSTRUCTOR(Tech)RACDHAKA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE,TEJGAONI/ADhaka-1208
62. It is Important to notethat these
Loads are not Seen Directly by
theCoolingCoil.TheseareIndirect
Loads that Occurin Each Air
ConditionedSpace. Ventilation
Air is Seen Directlyat the Coil
and Thus this Air Must be Cooled
DowntotheSupplyAirDistribution
Temperature Which is Much
LowerthantheRoomConditionAir
PresentedBy:A.M.ATIQULLAH,INSTRUCTOR(Tech)RACDHAKA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE,TEJGAONI/ADhaka-1208
63. 4m উচ্চ একতিা একটি অরেস রবরডিং 30°N িযাটিটিউড বা
উত্তি অক্ষািংরিঅবরস্থত।
১।কক্ষঅেুর য়তাপফিাড(RoomSensibleHeatnLoad)RSHL
২।কক্ষসুপ্ততাপফিাড(RoomLatentHeat)RLH
৩।সবথর ােতাপফিাড(GrandTotalHeatLoad)
প্ররয়াজেীয়তর্যারদঃ
রভতরিিফদওয়ারিিউপিলাস্ট্াি = 1.25ফস.র .
বাইরিিফদওয়ারিিকন্সস্ট্রাকিে =20ফস.র .কিংরিেব্লক
=10ফস.র .ফেসরিক
PresentedBy:A.M.ATIQULLAH,INSTRUCTOR(Tech)RACDHAKA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE,TEJGAONI/ADhaka-1208