CHAPTER-4-AESTHETIC for subject Art appreciation

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
LECTURE 3
Aesthetics: Study of
Art and Beauty
UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

OBJECTIVES
a. Define aesthetics as a branch of philosophy concerned
with art.
b. Enumerate the various terms used in aesthetics.
c. Classify the arts based on perception by the senses
d. Discover the Filipino aesthetic worldview.
e. Demonstrate the Filipino sense of beauty in some
indigenous, folk and pop arts.
f. Compare the Filipino sense of art and beauty to that of
Western and Japanese.
g. Formulate an aesthetic approach to Art Appreciation.
h. Make an artwork that shows the Filipino concept of
art and beauty.

READINGS
3.1. Miller, Ellen (2004), “Introduction to Aesthetics” in
http://users.rowan.edu/~millere/Introduction %20 to
%20Aesthetics.htm
3.2. Jocano, Landa F (2001). “Aesthetic Dimension,” in
Filipino Worldview, Quezon City: PUNLAD Research House,
2001. pp.135-144.
3.3. Lloren, Gregg S (2011). “Horror Vacui and the Pinoy
Inclination for Filling Up Every Inch of Space” in
https://www.academia.edu.

VIDEOS
3.1. “Japan Minimalists: A New Way of Life,” https://
www.youtube.com/watch? v=ACUE_Y67qlk.
3.2. “Pop Art Jeepney in the Lovely Philippines,” in
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=Pxt8YziLy8Q
3.3. Pink Floyd, The Dark Side of the Moon” (1972), in
https://www.youtube.com/watch7v=BJ99YMQzs
3.4. “Piliin Mo ang Pilipinas,” https://www.youtube.
com/results?search_query=piliin+mo+ang+pilipin
as+angeline+quinto+official+music+video

LECTURES
3.1. The Field of Aesthetics
3.2. Aesthetics Terms
3.3. Hierarchy of Beauty
3.4. The Filipino Aesthetic Worldview

LECTURE 3.1
The Field of Aesthetics

Etymology
“AESTHETICS”
GREEK
aesthesis
ENGLISH
“sensory perception”
Magritte, The
False Mirror

ALEXANDER
BAUMGARTEN
(1714-1762)
Aesthetics
The word “aesthetics” was first employed by Baumgarten
to mean “the science of sensory perception.” Particularly,
he used it to denote a realm of concrete knowledge, as
distinct from the abstract where content is communicated
in sensory forms.

AESTHETICS
Philosophy
of beauty
and art
Theory about the ultimate
reality of things
Nature of Beauty: Why are
beautiful things beautiful?
Essence of Art: What makes
something a work of art?

AESTHETIC
DEFINITION
is the creation
and appreciation
of BEAUTIFUL
human-made
objects.
by the artists in their creativity
by the art spectator with artistic taste
anything with a value that delights
art distinguished from nature

RELATIVE
“Beauty is in the
eye of the beholder.”
ABSOLUTE
“Beauty is in
the thing itself.”
SUBJECT OBJECT
TWO WAYS OF
CONSIDERING BEAUTY

DIVISION OF AESTHETICS
THEORY OF BEAUTY
Nature of beautiful things
THEORY OF ART
Essence of art
THEORY OF ART CRITICISM
Evaluation of the merit or
demerit of works of art

Botticelli, Birth of Venus, 1482
THEORY OF ART: Is this art? Why?
THEORY OF ART CRITICISM: Is this art great? Why?
Zyphers
Venus
Nymph

Model:
Simonetta
Vespucci
THEORY
OF
BEAUTY:
Is she
beautiful?
Why?

LECTURE 3.2
Aesthetic Terms

CATEGORIES OF VALUE
LOGICAL
ETHICAL
AESTHETIC
True and False
Good and Bad
Beautiful and Ugly

AESTHETICS VALUES
BEAUTIFUL
Delights
UGLY
Glooms
Wow!
Walastik!
Hanep!
Yak!
Eww!
Sus!

AESTHETIC VALUES ACCORDING TO THE SENSES
SENSES SENSING: Sense-Data FORMS OF ART
EYE
SEEING: Color,
Shape, Size, Motion
VISUAL ART: Painting,
Sculpture, Architecture,
Dance, Drama
EARS HEARING: Sound AUDITORY ART: Music, Drama
NOSE SMELLING: Odor
OLFACTORY ART:
Perfume Making
TONGUE TASTING: Taste CULINARY ART: Cooking
SKIN
TOUCHING: Texture,
Shape, Size, Motion
TACTILE ART:
Sculpture, Lovemaking
IMAGI-
NATION IMAGINING: Images IMAGINATIVE ART:
Literature, Drama

AESTHETIC VALUES ACCORDING TO THE SENSES
SENSE-DATA BEAUTIFUL UGLY
COLOR Picturesque Blur
SHAPE Pretty Grotesque
SIZE Cute Piquant
MOTION Graceful Awkward
SOUND Lovely Droll
ODOR Fragrant Foul
TASTE Delicious Pungent
TOUCH Pleasant Harsh
IMAGE Fantastic Ridiculous

Kandinsky, Color Composition PICTURESQUE Beautiful Color

PICTURESQUE
Beautiful Color
Pink Floyd, Brain Damage:
The Dark Side of the Moon,
Psychedelic Rock Music
Video, 1972

PICTURESQUE
Beautiful Color
Mondrian,
Composition with
Red, Yellow and
Blue, 1924

BLUR
Ugly
Color
Malevich
White on
White
1924

PICTURESQUE: Rainbow: Beautiful Color in Nature

Sunset in a Beach, San Roque Northern Samar

Amorsolo, Sunset ROMANTIC REALISM

Van Gogh, Sunset in the Wheatfield EXPRESSIONISM

Lichtenstein, Sinking Sun POP ART

Monet, Venice at Twilight IMPRESSIONISM

EMOTIONAL
EFFECT OF
COLOR
Munch
Scream
1894

COLORFUL BUILDING
St. Basil’s Cathedral, Moscow Russia

FILIPINO
SENSE OF BEAUTY
The colorful is
beautiful.

HORROR VACCUI:
Fear of Empty Space

Horror Vacui
Oil on Canvas
Painting by
Alfonso Ossorio

COLORFUL DESIGN IN PHILIPPINE FOLK ART

PICTURESQUE
Beautiful Color in
Philippine Art
Video 3.1.

THE COLORFUL ART OF THE PHILIPPINE KALESA

THE COLORFUL ART OF TRICYCLE DESIGN

COLORFUL PHILIPPINE ICE CREAM CART

COLORFUL
ART OF THE
PAROL
Lanterns
made of
capiz shells
with twikling
light design

Giant Lantern Festival, Pampanga

COLORFUL PHILIPPINE INDIGENOUS ART

Vinta
Badjao
Art

Sarimanok Design
Maranao Art

Abdul Mari Imao, Sarimanok, 1975

Tinalak, Tiboli Art

Tiboli Woman
Weaving Tinala’k,
(Dreamweaver)

Tinalak
Clothes

Nike Shoes with Tinala’k Design

COLORFUL COSTUMES
ACCESSORIES AND DECORATION

COLORFUL BANDERITAS DURING PHILIPPINE FIESTA

PAHIYAS FESTIVAL, LUCBAN QUEZON

SINULOG FESTIVAL, CEBU CITY

KADAYAWAN FESTIVAL, DAVAO

PENAGBENGA FESTIVAL, BAGUIO CITY

DINANGYANG FESTIVAL, ILOILO

ATI-ATIHAN FESTIVAL, KALIBO AKLAN

MASSKARA FESTIVAL, BACOLOD

TINALAK FESTIVAL, SOUTH COTABATO

THE COLORFUL
IS BEAUTIFUL

Piliin Mo ang Pilipinas
Angeline Quinto
Music Video
2012

PRETTY
Beautiful Shape
GROTESQUE
Ugly Shape

THE BEAUTIFUL SHAPE OF A DOME
St.Peter’s Basilica, Vatican City

DOME
House of Congress, Washington D.C.

DOME
Taj Mahal, Agra India

DOME
Hagia Sophia, Istanbul Turkey

Beautiful Shape
Sydney Opera House, Australia

SEXY
Beautiful shape of the
female body

Ingres, The Grande Odalisque

Ingres, The Odalisque with a Lute Player

Juan Luna, The Odalisque

Mucha
Absinthe Robette
1901
STYLE
Art Nouveau

GROTESQUE
Ugly Shape
Venus of
Willendorf,
35,000 BC

Grotesque
Face

Leonardo,
Grotesque
Faces, 1492

Leonardo, Grotesque Faces, 1492

CUTE
Beautiful Size
PIQUANT
Ugly Size

GREEK AND
WESTERN SENSE
OF BEAUTY
The big is
beautiful.
Statue of Zeus
435 BC, 40 ft. high

Colossus of Rhodes
280 BC, 100 ft. high

Statue of
Liberty, 1886
305 ft. high

THE TALLEST BUILDINGS IN THE WORLD
Pyramid
of Kufu
Egypt,
420 ft.
Empire
State
Building,
New York
1,250 ft.
Sears
Tower,
Chicago,
1,450 ft.
Taipei
101,
Taiwan,
1,666 ft
Burj
Khalifa,
Dubai,
2,772 ft.

Burj Khalifa
Dubai
2,772 feet high
163 Floors
Scene from the
Making of Mission
Impossible: Ghost
Protocol, 2011

PBCom Tower
Ayala Makati City
790 feet high
55 floors
TALLEST BUILDING IN
THE PHILIPPINES

BONSAI
Miniature Tree
in a Pot
JAPANESE
SENSE OF
BEAUTY
The small is
beautiful.

Folded from a
piece of plastic
film measuring
0.1 x 0.1 mm by
Naito Akira in
2004
SMALLEST ORIGAMI

HAIKU
Japanese short poem
composed of 3 lines
with 17 syllables
An old, silent pond…
A frog jumps into the pond,
Splash! Silence again.
(Basho Matsuo) I walk across sand
And find myself blistering
In the hot, hot sun.

JAPANESE
SENSE OF
BEAUTY
The less is
beautiful
MINIMALISM
Use of least
number of
elements
ZEN PAINTING
Landscape

ZEN
PAINTING
Circle

ZEN PAINTING
Bamboo

ZEN PAINTING River

ZEN PAINTING
Monk Meditating
ZEN BUDDHISM
AND MINIMALISM
The cause of suffering in life is
attachment to material things. The
lesser the possessions, the lesser the
suffering. So the secret to happiness
is living a simple life.
Video 3.2.

君が代は
千代に八千代に
さざれ（細）石の
いわお（巌）となりて
こけ（苔）の生すまで
KIMIGAYO
Waka Poem
794 AD Kimigayo wa
Chiyo ni yachiyo ni
Sazare-ishi no
Iwao to narite
Koke no musu made
May your reign
Continue for a thousand,
Eight thousand generations,
Until the pebbles
Grow into boulders
Lush with moss
National
Anthem of
Japan

GRACEFUL
Beautiful
Motion
Michael
Jackson
Beat It
1986

LOVELY Beautiful sound
DROLL Ugly sound
FLOWING EFFECT
(Continuous Sound)
Jose Mari Chan,
Constant Change
Louis Armstrong,
It’s a Wonderful
World
TREMBLING EFFECT
TREMOLO OR VIBRATO
(Vibrating Sound)
TIMBRE OF THE HUMAN VOICE

KAMA SUTRA
Art of Pleasure
PLEASANT
Beautiful Touch

FANTASTIC
Beautiful Image
RIDICULOUS
Ugly Image

Dali, The Dream

De Chirico,
Soothsayer’s
Recompense

Jacek Yerka,
Don’t Slam
the Door

Jacek Yerka,
Quiet Balance

Jacek Yerka,
Brontosaurus
Civitas

Magritte
Fine Realities
1964
FANTASTIC OR
RIDICULOUS
IMAGES?
Surrealist
Rene Magritte,
Documentary
2013

LECTURE 3.3
Hierarchy of Beauty

BEAUTY
UGLY

Simonneta
Vespucci in the
Venus Paintings
by Botticelli

A Samburo
Woman from
Kenya, Africa

Nikki Zeiring,
International
Supermodel
Vogue Magazine
2001

Dalagang
Pilipina in
Amorsolo’s
Painting

Durer
Self-Portrait
1500

Leonardo
Grotesque Face
of Scaramuccia
1492

Tom Cruise,
Hollywood Actor
Time Magazine
2003

Van Gogh
Self-Portrait
1886

8. SCARRY glooms and fears
9. HORRIBLE glooms and saddens
10. BIZARRE glooms and entertains
11. POIGNANT glooms and attracts
12. PERVERSE glooms and impresses
13. RUSTIC glooms and awes
14. PATHETIC purely glooms
1. SUBLIME purely delights
2. GRAND delights and awes
3. ELEGANT delights and impresses
4. CHARMING delights and attracts
5. COMIC delights and entertains
6. TRAGIC delights and saddens
7. TERRIBLE delights and fears
14 DEGREES OF AESTHETIC VALUES
B
E
A
U
T
Y
U
G
L
Y

SCARRY
Glooms
and fears

Larry Alcala, Splice of Life COMIC Delights and Entertains

BIZARRE
Glooms and
Entertains
Sotein
Carcass of
Beef, 1925

Sotein,
Carcass
of Beef,
1925

Sotein
Mad Woman
1922

Sotein
Woman in
Red, 1922

Damien Hirst ,This little piggy went to market, this little
piggy stayed at home (1996), INSTALLATION ART

Hirst
God
Alone
Knows,
2007

Gericault, After
Death, 1721
RUSTIC Glooms and awes

SUBLIME Purely delights
Bernini, Ecstasy of St. Therese, 1592

LECTURE 3.4
The Filipino
Aesthetic Worldview

A way people look at the universe
People’s picture of the universe that lies
deep in the heart of culture
WORLDVIEW
A system of symbols and meanings people
use to organize their ideas which they
express through language
CULTURE
Analysis of the meaning of words in a language is analysis
of the form of culture on which lies people’s worldview
LANGUAGE Contains words that carries culture.
Culture
Worldview
Language
=

GANDA
(Beauty)
The primary Filipino aesthetic term
“Sum total of katangian (traits) of anything that gives
the highest pleasure to the senses.”
Relative term since its use defends on the judgment of
the beholder.
When applied to person, ganda involves both physical
appearance (ayos) and social character (ugali).
Ganda then is about the “totality of the person,” both
his pagkataong panlabas (physical appearance) and
his pagkataong panloob (social behavior).
Ganda and buti (good) are interchangeable terms so
that whatever is maganda is also mabuti. Aesthetic
taste involves moral judgement.
GANDA
(Beauty)
BUTI
(Good)
=

AESTHETICS OF FILIPINO PERSONHOOD
(ESTETIKA NG PAGKAKATAONG FILIPINO)
Maayos
(Pagkataong Panlabas)
Beautiful physical
appearance
Mabuti ang Ugali
(Pagkataong Panloob)
Good social
behavior
Pagkataong Maganda
Pareho sa Labas at Loob
(Beautiful Personhood)
Video 3.3.
Kanais-nais
Desirable,
Valuable
=

CATEGORIES
OF GANDA
ALINDOG
(Charm)
RIKIT
(Loveliness)
RANGYA
(Grandeur)
DINGAL
(Magnificence)
AMO
(Gentleness)
DILAG
(Gorgeousness)
LAMBING
(Affection)
KINANG
(Radiance)
NINGNING
(Luster)
INAM
(Goodness)
GILAS
(Symmetry)
KISIG
(Proportion)
KINTAB
(Radiance)
LUNINGNING
(Luster)
KISLAP
(Radiance)
GANDA
(Beauty)

CATEGORIES
OF GANDA
ALINDOG
(Charm)
RIKIT
(Loveliness)
RANGYA
(Grandeur)
DINGAL
(Magnificence)
AMO
(Gentleness)
DILAG
(Gorgeousness)
LAMBING
(Affection)
KINANG
(Radiance)
NINGNING
(Luster)
INAM
(Goodness)
GILAS
(Symmetry)
KISIG
(Proportion)
KINTAB
(Radiance)
LUNINGNING
(Luster)
KISLAP
(Radiance)
GANDA
(Beauty)
Ganda that is
overwhelming
Gorgeous display
of ganda in
appearance
speech, action
Gorgeous display
of ganda in
cosmetics, jewelry
or attire
Implies orderliness,
neatness or fineness
Masculine atrributes of handsomeness

CATEGORIES
OF GANDA
ALINDOG
(Charm)
RIKIT
(Loveliness)
RANGYA
(Grandeur)
DINGAL
(Magnificence)
AMO
(Gentleness)
DILAG
(Gorgeousness)
LAMBING
(Affection)
KINANG
(Radiance)
NINGNING
(Luster)
INAM
(Goodness)
GILAS
(Symmetry)
KISIG
(Proportion)
KINTAB
(Radiance)
LUNINGNING
(Luster)
KISLAP
(Radiance)
GANDA
(Beauty)
Feminine
attribute of
being
attractive
Affectionate feminine
attractive behavior and ways of
speaking. Wholesomeness in
appearance or act that draws
the attention of perceiver.
The charm of being
gentle and docile

CATEGORIES
OF GANDA
ALINDOG
(Charm)
RIKIT
(Loveliness)
RANGYA
(Grandeur)
DINGAL
(Magnificence)
AMO
(Gentleness)
DILAG
(Gorgeousness)
LAMBING
(Affection)
KINANG
(Radiance)
NINGNING
(Luster)
INAM
(Goodness)
GILAS
(Symmetry)
KISIG
(Proportion)
KINTAB
(Radiance)
LUNINGNING
(Luster)
KISLAP
(Radiance)
GANDA
(Beauty)
The form of
beauty that
glows
Kinang,
ningning,
kintab and
luningning
all refer to
glittering
beauty
Sparkling beauty, like
enthusiasm or
excitement

THE PHENOMENON OF GANDA
Ganda is judged in terms of
the emotion or the sentiment
it evokes from the perceiver
As an affective phenomenon
NAKAKABIGHANI: Ganda evokes desirability
NAKAKAAKIT: It attracts
NAKAKATAWAG NG PANSIN: It calls attention
Ganda is judge through
scent or sense of smell
As an olfactory sense phenomenon
NANANATILI O NAMAMALAGI: Ganda makes its
presence felt (amoy bagong paligo)
MALINIS: It fells or smells clean (malinis
haplusin/amoy-malinis
SARIWA: It smells or fells fresh (amoy-sariwa,
amoy-pinipig)

Ganda is judged in terms of
action, public appearance or
human relation (ugali)
As behavioral, ethical phenomenon
MAHINHIN: It is coy, dainty, demure
MABAIT: It is good-natured, considerate
MAGALANG: it is respectful or polite
Ganda is judge as a concrete
entity with physical attributes
As a physical phenomenon
MAKINIS ANG BALAT: Smooth skin
MAAMO ANG MUKHA: Gentle, docile face
MATIPUNO ANG KATAWAN: Healthy body
MATIKAS ANG TINDIG:
Ganda is judge as the ability
to perform work or do things
As a capability phenomenon
MASIPAG MAGTRABAHO: Industrious
MAGALING MAGLUTO: A good cook
MAHUSAY KUMANTA: A good singer

MASIPAG
MAGTRABAHO
MATIPUNO
ANG KATAWAN
MAKISIG
MAHUSAY
MAGPINTA

MAAMO
ANG MUKHA
MARIKIT
MARANGYA
MAALINDOG

"[The women I paint should
have] a rounded face…. The eyes
should be exceptionally lively,
not the dreamy, sleepy type….
The nose should be of the blunt
form but firm and strongly
marked.... The ideal Filipina
beauty should not necessarily be
white complexioned, nor of the
dark brown color of the typical
Malayan, but of the clear skin or
fresh colored type which we
often witness when we met a
blushing girl.“
FERNANDO AMORSOLO
Amorsolo, Girl with
a Basket of Fruits

Amorsolo,
The Fruit
Gatherer

Amorsolo,
Woman in
a Tobacco
Field

Amorsolo,
The Smiling
Palay Maiden

Amorsolo,
Girl with
a Jar

Amorsolo,
Girl with
a Coconut

Amorsolo,
Girl Taking
a Bath

Amorsolo,
Girl on a
Bath

Amorsolo,
Dalagang
Filipina

All societies have aesthetic standards for
appreciating things. This appreciation is
essentially a collective formation, deeply
embedded in symbols and meanings of
society. These symbols and meanings are
closely associated with the people’s concept
of ganda as this materializes in their ways
of experiencing the world or rationalizing
their relationship with it. Ganda may be
viewed not only as an emotion experienced
in the encounter of what is pleasurable but
also as a particular cast of mind out in the
world of objects.
Jocano, Filipino Worldview

PSU Faculty Training GE Art
Appreciation Summer 2018
FACEBOOK GROUP

ACTIVITY AND
ASSESMENT

ACTIVITY AND ASSESMENT
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
1. Make an horror vacui painting that
shows the Filipino concept of space
and beauty
2. Make a minimalist painting that shows
the Japanese concept.

RUBRICS FOR ACTIVITY 3
CRITERIA
Excellent
(10-12 points)
Good
(7-9 points)
Fair
(4-6 points)
Needs
Improvement
(1-3)
Application of
the concept of
horror vacui
The application of
the concept is correct
in the whole
composition
The concept is
correctly applied to
the large part of the
composition.
The application of
the concept is
correct but only in
the small part of the
composition
The concept is
wrongly applied
to the whole
composition
Application of the
concept of
minimalism
The application of
the concept is correct
in the whole
composition
The concept is
correctly applied to
the large part of the
composition.
The application of
the concept is
correct but only in
the small part of the
composition
The concept is
wrongly applied
to the whole
composition
Aesthetic
value of the
composition
The whole
composition is very
pleasing to look at.
There are some
parts of the
composition that
are not pleasing
to see.
Many parts of
the composition are
not pleasing to
see.
The whole
composition is
not pleasing to
look at.

CHAPTER-4-AESTHETIC for subject Art appreciation

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