Chemical, electrical, thermal, and inhalation burns can all occur from different sources of injury. The severity of the burn depends on factors like type/concentration of chemical, voltage/duration of electricity, and length of exposure to heat. Management involves stopping the burning process, removing clothing/chemicals, flushing with water, treating for shock, and providing prompt transport to the hospital. A full assessment examines scene safety, mechanism of injury, airway/breathing, circulation, mental status and extent of burns.
Work Based Learning & Health and Safety Act 1974Manoj Nair
The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 lays out responsibilities for employers and employees to ensure health and safety in the workplace. It requires employers to protect workers' health, safety, and welfare as far as reasonably practicable. The Act also established the Health and Safety Commission and Executive to enforce regulations. Work-based learning can introduce additional health and safety risks, so clear supervision and risk assessments are important. Following the Act's guidelines benefits employers, trainees, and organizations providing work placements through a safer work environment and culture.
This document discusses soft-tissue injuries, including the anatomy and physiology of the skin, types of soft-tissue injuries (closed injuries like bruises and open injuries like lacerations), and how to assess patients with soft-tissue injuries. It emphasizes controlling bleeding from wounds, preventing infection, and treating for shock. A full secondary assessment including vital signs monitoring is important to identify changes in the patient's condition over time.
This document provides information on soft tissue injuries, including the skin, closed injuries, open injuries, and burns. It discusses the anatomy and physiology of the skin, mechanisms of injury, types of soft tissue trauma, patient assessment, and emergency medical treatment for these various injuries. Soft tissue injuries are common and range from minor abrasions and cuts to serious internal bleeding and life-threatening situations. Proper assessment and treatment is needed to control bleeding, prevent infection, treat for shock, and protect and dress wounds.
This document discusses soft-tissue injuries, including the anatomy and physiology of the skin, types of soft-tissue injuries (closed injuries like bruises and open injuries like lacerations), and how to assess patients with soft-tissue injuries. It emphasizes controlling bleeding, preventing infection, and treating for shock. A full assessment involves evaluating the scene, patient responsiveness, airway, breathing, circulation, and vital signs as well as taking a medical history to identify and monitor any changes in the patient's condition during transport.
Work Based Learning & Health and Safety Act 1974Manoj Nair
The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 lays out responsibilities for employers and employees to ensure health and safety in the workplace. It requires employers to protect workers' health, safety, and welfare as far as reasonably practicable. The Act also established the Health and Safety Commission and Executive to enforce regulations. Work-based learning can introduce additional health and safety risks, so clear supervision and risk assessments are important. Following the Act's guidelines benefits employers, trainees, and organizations providing work placements through a safer work environment and culture.
This document discusses soft-tissue injuries, including the anatomy and physiology of the skin, types of soft-tissue injuries (closed injuries like bruises and open injuries like lacerations), and how to assess patients with soft-tissue injuries. It emphasizes controlling bleeding from wounds, preventing infection, and treating for shock. A full secondary assessment including vital signs monitoring is important to identify changes in the patient's condition over time.
This document provides information on soft tissue injuries, including the skin, closed injuries, open injuries, and burns. It discusses the anatomy and physiology of the skin, mechanisms of injury, types of soft tissue trauma, patient assessment, and emergency medical treatment for these various injuries. Soft tissue injuries are common and range from minor abrasions and cuts to serious internal bleeding and life-threatening situations. Proper assessment and treatment is needed to control bleeding, prevent infection, treat for shock, and protect and dress wounds.
This document discusses soft-tissue injuries, including the anatomy and physiology of the skin, types of soft-tissue injuries (closed injuries like bruises and open injuries like lacerations), and how to assess patients with soft-tissue injuries. It emphasizes controlling bleeding, preventing infection, and treating for shock. A full assessment involves evaluating the scene, patient responsiveness, airway, breathing, circulation, and vital signs as well as taking a medical history to identify and monitor any changes in the patient's condition during transport.
This document provides information on soft tissue injuries, including the skin, closed injuries, open injuries, and burns. It discusses the anatomy and physiology of the skin, mechanisms of injury, types of soft tissue trauma, patient assessment, and emergency medical treatment for these various injuries. Soft tissue injuries are common and range from minor abrasions and cuts to serious internal bleeding and life-threatening situations. Proper assessment and treatment is needed to control bleeding, prevent infection, treat for shock, and protect and dress wounds.
Chapter 2 Powerpoint - Emergency Medical ResponderJohn Campbell
The document discusses workforce safety and wellness for EMRs. It covers stress management, which involves recognizing signs of stress, preventing stress through healthy habits, and reducing stress. EMRs must understand how diseases spread and use standard precautions like gloves and masks. When responding to scenes, EMRs must carefully assess hazards such as traffic, crowds, fires, electricity, and animals before assisting patients.
The document discusses the process of patient assessment for EMTs. It covers the key components of patient assessment including scene size-up, primary assessment, history taking, secondary assessment, and reassessment. The primary assessment involves evaluating the patient's level of consciousness, airway, breathing, and circulation to identify any immediate life threats. Secondary assessment involves a more thorough examination of all body systems. Proper patient assessment is essential for EMTs to determine the patient's condition and priority for treatment and transport.
Triage is the process of sorting patients into priority groups for treatment based on the severity of their condition. It is used in mass casualty incidents to provide the greatest benefit to the largest number of patients when resources are limited. Patients are categorized as red (highest priority), yellow, green, or black (dead) based on their airway, breathing, circulation, and mental status. The START method involves a rapid initial assessment and tagging of patients to identify those needing immediate care. Secondary triage provides a more thorough reassessment once resources are available. Special considerations are made for injured rescuers, hysterical patients, children, and those with hypothermia or multiple injuries. An incident command system is activated to coordinate the emergency
This document discusses various topics relating to workforce safety and wellness for EMTs, including:
1) Infectious diseases can spread between people and minimizing risk through immunizations, handwashing, and protective equipment.
2) EMTs face stress and hazards on the job which can be managed through self-care, social support, and developing stress management routines.
3) Proper safety protocols and protective equipment are necessary for ensuring EMTs avoid exposure to infectious diseases, violence, and other hazards when responding to emergency calls.
Burns are injuries caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, friction or radiation. There are different types of burns including thermal, chemical, electrical and radiation burns. Burns are classified by depth from superficial to full thickness. Management of burns involves three phases - emergent, intermediate and rehabilitative. The emergent phase focuses on fluid resuscitation while the intermediate phase involves wound care and the rehabilitative phase aims to return the patient to their normal activities. Nursing plays an important role in assessing burns, providing wound care, pain management and rehabilitation.
The document discusses burn injuries, including their definition, types, causes, symptoms, assessment, management, and reconstructive treatments. It covers:
1. Burns are classified by degree of skin damage, from superficial first-degree burns to full-thickness third-degree burns. Thermal burns from heat are most common but burns can also be caused by chemicals, electricity, radiation, or sunlight.
2. Burn assessment involves estimating the total body surface area affected using methods like the Rule of Nines. Management involves fluid resuscitation, wound care, pain management, and rehabilitation.
3. Later treatments may include skin grafts or other reconstructive surgeries to repair damage and improve function and appearance.
The SANID programme trains volunteers to support professional emergency responders during large-scale crises or disasters. Volunteers are trained to put out small fires, assist with evacuations, and advocate for fire safety. They are taught to identify fire hazards, emergency exits, and fire suppression equipment like alarms, extinguishers, and sprinklers. Volunteers learn how to conduct search and rescue operations and provide first aid, such as controlling bleeding, treating for shock, burns, fractures, and performing CPR. The document outlines the roles and responsibilities of volunteers and the types of training they receive to assist during emergencies in the UAE.
The SANID programme trains volunteers to support professional emergency responders during large-scale crises or disasters. Volunteers are trained to put out small fires, assist with evacuations, and advocate for fire safety. They are taught to identify fire hazards, emergency exits, and fire suppression equipment like alarms, extinguishers, and sprinklers. Volunteers learn how to conduct search and rescue operations and provide first aid, such as controlling bleeding, treating for shock, burns, fractures, and performing CPR. The document outlines the roles and responsibilities of volunteers and the types of disasters that can occur in the UAE, including natural events like cyclones or earthquakes, and man-made incidents like building collapses or transportation accidents.
This document provides information on all-hazards preparation and response. It defines key terms like all-hazards, emergencies, and emergency preparedness. It also discusses preparing for different types of disasters including natural disasters like wildfires, earthquakes, and hurricanes. It covers man-made disasters and specific chemical agents. The document outlines steps for personal and health care facility disaster planning and response. It describes triage systems and the immediate response to all-hazards events.
This document provides information on burns, including:
1. Burns are injuries to skin or tissue caused by heat, radiation, electricity, friction or chemicals. The history and mechanism of the burn is important for treatment.
2. Burns are classified based on depth of skin involvement, ranging from superficial first degree burns to full thickness third degree burns.
3. Initial evaluation of a burn patient focuses on airway management, other injuries, estimating burn size, and checking for carbon monoxide or cyanide poisoning. A secondary survey examines the burn mechanism and presence of inhalation injury.
4. Different burn types include thermal, chemical, and electrical burns. The pathophysiology of burns involves local tissue damage
This document discusses burn injuries, including their causes, types, assessment, management, and health education. Burn injuries are caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation and can affect people of any age. They are commonly classified as first, second, or third degree burns based on the depth of tissue damage. Burn assessment involves estimating the surface area of the burns. Management involves emergency response, infection prevention, wound care, and rehabilitation with psycho-social support and counseling. Health education addresses burn precautions, wound care, exercise, nutrition, and scar management.
Traumatology studies wounds and injuries caused by accidents or violence and their surgical treatment. The document discusses mechanisms of trauma including blunt and penetrating injuries. It describes the ABCDE approach to the trauma primary survey which rapidly identifies life-threatening conditions such as airway obstruction, tension pneumothorax, hemorrhage, and head injuries. The primary survey establishes airway, breathing and circulation before fully examining the patient and providing further treatment.
This document provides an overview of trauma and the approach to treating trauma patients. It discusses traumatology as a branch of medicine dealing with wounds and injuries. It describes mechanisms of injury including blunt and penetrating trauma. It outlines the ABCDE approach to the trauma primary survey to rapidly identify life-threatening conditions such as airway obstruction, tension pneumothorax, and hypovolemic shock. It also discusses taking a SAMPLE history and performing a secondary survey to fully examine the patient.
This document provides information on the management of burns. It begins with objectives of understanding burn management and classifying burns according to depth and percentage of total body surface area affected. Superficial partial thickness burns involve only the epidermis while deep partial thickness burns also involve the dermis. Full thickness or third degree burns destroy the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Management involves fluid resuscitation, wound care like cleaning and dressing, monitoring for complications, and skin grafting for deep burns.
This document provides information on community first aid and basic life support. It discusses the roles and responsibilities of a first aider, objectives of first aid, characteristics of a good first aider, hindrances in giving first aid, transmission of diseases, body substance isolation, suggested first aid kit contents, dressing, bandages, emergency action principles, signs of shock, ingested poisons, heat cramps, sprains, types of burns, wounds, bandaging techniques, fainting, dislocations and broken bones. It also covers basic life support and the chain of survival for cardiovascular disease.
Burns can occur from heat, chemicals, or electricity and are classified by depth and extent of damage. Thermal burns are first degree (skin surface only), second degree (extends into skin layers), or third degree (penetrates all skin layers). Treatment depends on burn severity but generally involves stopping the burning process, relieving pain, preventing infection, and covering the affected area. More severe burns require fluid resuscitation, wound care, and sometimes skin grafts.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
This document provides information on soft tissue injuries, including the skin, closed injuries, open injuries, and burns. It discusses the anatomy and physiology of the skin, mechanisms of injury, types of soft tissue trauma, patient assessment, and emergency medical treatment for these various injuries. Soft tissue injuries are common and range from minor abrasions and cuts to serious internal bleeding and life-threatening situations. Proper assessment and treatment is needed to control bleeding, prevent infection, treat for shock, and protect and dress wounds.
Chapter 2 Powerpoint - Emergency Medical ResponderJohn Campbell
The document discusses workforce safety and wellness for EMRs. It covers stress management, which involves recognizing signs of stress, preventing stress through healthy habits, and reducing stress. EMRs must understand how diseases spread and use standard precautions like gloves and masks. When responding to scenes, EMRs must carefully assess hazards such as traffic, crowds, fires, electricity, and animals before assisting patients.
The document discusses the process of patient assessment for EMTs. It covers the key components of patient assessment including scene size-up, primary assessment, history taking, secondary assessment, and reassessment. The primary assessment involves evaluating the patient's level of consciousness, airway, breathing, and circulation to identify any immediate life threats. Secondary assessment involves a more thorough examination of all body systems. Proper patient assessment is essential for EMTs to determine the patient's condition and priority for treatment and transport.
Triage is the process of sorting patients into priority groups for treatment based on the severity of their condition. It is used in mass casualty incidents to provide the greatest benefit to the largest number of patients when resources are limited. Patients are categorized as red (highest priority), yellow, green, or black (dead) based on their airway, breathing, circulation, and mental status. The START method involves a rapid initial assessment and tagging of patients to identify those needing immediate care. Secondary triage provides a more thorough reassessment once resources are available. Special considerations are made for injured rescuers, hysterical patients, children, and those with hypothermia or multiple injuries. An incident command system is activated to coordinate the emergency
This document discusses various topics relating to workforce safety and wellness for EMTs, including:
1) Infectious diseases can spread between people and minimizing risk through immunizations, handwashing, and protective equipment.
2) EMTs face stress and hazards on the job which can be managed through self-care, social support, and developing stress management routines.
3) Proper safety protocols and protective equipment are necessary for ensuring EMTs avoid exposure to infectious diseases, violence, and other hazards when responding to emergency calls.
Burns are injuries caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, friction or radiation. There are different types of burns including thermal, chemical, electrical and radiation burns. Burns are classified by depth from superficial to full thickness. Management of burns involves three phases - emergent, intermediate and rehabilitative. The emergent phase focuses on fluid resuscitation while the intermediate phase involves wound care and the rehabilitative phase aims to return the patient to their normal activities. Nursing plays an important role in assessing burns, providing wound care, pain management and rehabilitation.
The document discusses burn injuries, including their definition, types, causes, symptoms, assessment, management, and reconstructive treatments. It covers:
1. Burns are classified by degree of skin damage, from superficial first-degree burns to full-thickness third-degree burns. Thermal burns from heat are most common but burns can also be caused by chemicals, electricity, radiation, or sunlight.
2. Burn assessment involves estimating the total body surface area affected using methods like the Rule of Nines. Management involves fluid resuscitation, wound care, pain management, and rehabilitation.
3. Later treatments may include skin grafts or other reconstructive surgeries to repair damage and improve function and appearance.
The SANID programme trains volunteers to support professional emergency responders during large-scale crises or disasters. Volunteers are trained to put out small fires, assist with evacuations, and advocate for fire safety. They are taught to identify fire hazards, emergency exits, and fire suppression equipment like alarms, extinguishers, and sprinklers. Volunteers learn how to conduct search and rescue operations and provide first aid, such as controlling bleeding, treating for shock, burns, fractures, and performing CPR. The document outlines the roles and responsibilities of volunteers and the types of training they receive to assist during emergencies in the UAE.
The SANID programme trains volunteers to support professional emergency responders during large-scale crises or disasters. Volunteers are trained to put out small fires, assist with evacuations, and advocate for fire safety. They are taught to identify fire hazards, emergency exits, and fire suppression equipment like alarms, extinguishers, and sprinklers. Volunteers learn how to conduct search and rescue operations and provide first aid, such as controlling bleeding, treating for shock, burns, fractures, and performing CPR. The document outlines the roles and responsibilities of volunteers and the types of disasters that can occur in the UAE, including natural events like cyclones or earthquakes, and man-made incidents like building collapses or transportation accidents.
This document provides information on all-hazards preparation and response. It defines key terms like all-hazards, emergencies, and emergency preparedness. It also discusses preparing for different types of disasters including natural disasters like wildfires, earthquakes, and hurricanes. It covers man-made disasters and specific chemical agents. The document outlines steps for personal and health care facility disaster planning and response. It describes triage systems and the immediate response to all-hazards events.
This document provides information on burns, including:
1. Burns are injuries to skin or tissue caused by heat, radiation, electricity, friction or chemicals. The history and mechanism of the burn is important for treatment.
2. Burns are classified based on depth of skin involvement, ranging from superficial first degree burns to full thickness third degree burns.
3. Initial evaluation of a burn patient focuses on airway management, other injuries, estimating burn size, and checking for carbon monoxide or cyanide poisoning. A secondary survey examines the burn mechanism and presence of inhalation injury.
4. Different burn types include thermal, chemical, and electrical burns. The pathophysiology of burns involves local tissue damage
This document discusses burn injuries, including their causes, types, assessment, management, and health education. Burn injuries are caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation and can affect people of any age. They are commonly classified as first, second, or third degree burns based on the depth of tissue damage. Burn assessment involves estimating the surface area of the burns. Management involves emergency response, infection prevention, wound care, and rehabilitation with psycho-social support and counseling. Health education addresses burn precautions, wound care, exercise, nutrition, and scar management.
Traumatology studies wounds and injuries caused by accidents or violence and their surgical treatment. The document discusses mechanisms of trauma including blunt and penetrating injuries. It describes the ABCDE approach to the trauma primary survey which rapidly identifies life-threatening conditions such as airway obstruction, tension pneumothorax, hemorrhage, and head injuries. The primary survey establishes airway, breathing and circulation before fully examining the patient and providing further treatment.
This document provides an overview of trauma and the approach to treating trauma patients. It discusses traumatology as a branch of medicine dealing with wounds and injuries. It describes mechanisms of injury including blunt and penetrating trauma. It outlines the ABCDE approach to the trauma primary survey to rapidly identify life-threatening conditions such as airway obstruction, tension pneumothorax, and hypovolemic shock. It also discusses taking a SAMPLE history and performing a secondary survey to fully examine the patient.
This document provides information on the management of burns. It begins with objectives of understanding burn management and classifying burns according to depth and percentage of total body surface area affected. Superficial partial thickness burns involve only the epidermis while deep partial thickness burns also involve the dermis. Full thickness or third degree burns destroy the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Management involves fluid resuscitation, wound care like cleaning and dressing, monitoring for complications, and skin grafting for deep burns.
This document provides information on community first aid and basic life support. It discusses the roles and responsibilities of a first aider, objectives of first aid, characteristics of a good first aider, hindrances in giving first aid, transmission of diseases, body substance isolation, suggested first aid kit contents, dressing, bandages, emergency action principles, signs of shock, ingested poisons, heat cramps, sprains, types of burns, wounds, bandaging techniques, fainting, dislocations and broken bones. It also covers basic life support and the chain of survival for cardiovascular disease.
Burns can occur from heat, chemicals, or electricity and are classified by depth and extent of damage. Thermal burns are first degree (skin surface only), second degree (extends into skin layers), or third degree (penetrates all skin layers). Treatment depends on burn severity but generally involves stopping the burning process, relieving pain, preventing infection, and covering the affected area. More severe burns require fluid resuscitation, wound care, and sometimes skin grafts.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
2. Chemical Burns (1 of 4)
• Can occur whenever a toxic substance
contacts the body
• Generally caused by strong acids or strong
alkalis
• The eyes are particularly vulnerable.
3. Chemical Burns (2 of 4)
• The severity of the burn is directly related to
the:
– Type of chemical
– Concentration of the chemical
– Duration of the exposure
• Wear appropriate chemical-resistant gloves
and eye protection.
4. Chemical Burns (3 of 4)
• Management
– Remove any
chemical from the
patient.
– Always brush dry
chemicals off the
skin and clothing
before flushing with
water.
– Remove the
patient’s clothing.
5. Chemical Burns (4 of 4)
• Management (cont’d)
– For liquid chemicals, immediately begin to flush
the burned area with lots of water.
– Continue flooding the area for 15 to 20 minutes
after the patient says the burning pain has
stopped.
– If the patient’s eye has been burned, hold the
eyelid open while flooding the eye.
6. Electrical Burns (1 of 5)
• May be the result of contact with high- or
low-voltage electricity
• For electricity to flow, there must be a
complete circuit between the source and the
ground.
– Any substance that prevents this circuit is called
an insulator.
– Any substance that allows a current to flow is
called a conductor.
7. Electrical Burns (2 of 5)
• The human body is a good conductor.
• The type of electric current, magnitude of
current, and voltage have effects on the
seriousness of the burn.
• Your safety is of particular importance.
– Never attempt to remove someone from an
electrical source unless you are specially trained
to do so.
8. Electrical Burns (3 of 5)
• A burn injury appears where the electricity
enters and exits the body.
• Two dangers:
– There may be a large amount of deep tissue
injury.
– The patient may go into cardiac or respiratory
arrest from the electric shock.
10. Electrical Burns (5 of 5)
• Management
– If indicated, begin CPR on the patient and apply
an AED.
– Be prepared to defibrillate if necessary.
– Give supplemental oxygen and monitor.
– Treat soft-tissue injuries with dry, sterile
dressings.
– Provide prompt transport.
11. Thermal Burns (1 of 3)
• Caused by heat
• Most commonly, they are caused by scalds or
an open flame.
– A flame burn is very often a deep burn.
– Hot liquids produce scald injuries.
• Coming in contact with hot objects produces
a contact burn.
12. Thermal Burns (2 of 3)
• A steam burn can produce a topical burn.
• A flash burn is produced by an explosion.
– May briefly expose a person to very intense heat
– Lightning strikes can cause a flash burn.
13. Thermal Burns (3 of 3)
• Management
– Stop the burning source, cool the burned area,
and remove all jewelry.
– Increased exposure time will increase damage to
the patient.
– All patients should have a dry dressing applied to:
• Maintain body temperature
• Prevent infection
• Provide comfort
14. Inhalation Burns (1 of 4)
• Can occur when burning takes place in
enclosed spaces without ventilation
– Upper airway damage is often associated with
the inhalation of superheated gases.
– Lower airway damage is more often associated
with the inhalation of chemicals and particulate
matter.
15. Inhalation Burns (2 of 4)
• You may encounter severe upper airway
swelling, requiring intervention immediately.
– Consider requesting ALS backup.
• The combustion process produces a variety of
toxic gases.
16. Inhalation Burns (3 of 4)
• Carbon monoxide intoxication should be
considered whenever a group of people in
the same place all report a headache or
nausea.
• Management
– First ensure your own safety and the safety of
your coworkers.
17. Inhalation Burns (4 of 4)
• Management (cont’d)
– Prehospital treatment for a patient with
suspected hydrogen cyanide poisoning includes
decontamination and supportive care.
– Care for any toxic gas exposure includes:
• Recognition
• Identification
• Supportive treatment
18. Radiation Burns (1 of 4)
• Potential threats include:
– Incidents related to the use and transportation of
radioactive isotopes
– Intentionally released radioactivity in terrorist
attacks
• You must determine if there has been a
radiation exposure and then whether
ongoing exposure continues to exist.
19. Radiation Burns (2 of 4)
• Three types of ionizing radiation:
– Alpha
• Little penetrating energy, easily stopped by the skin
– Beta
• Greater penetrating power, but blocked by simple
protective clothing
– Gamma
• Very penetrating, easily passes through the body and
solid materials
20. Radiation Burns (3 of 4)
• Most ionizing radiation accidents involve
gamma radiation, or x-rays.
• Management
– Patients with a radioactive source on their body
must be initially cared for by a HazMat
responder.
– Irrigate open wounds.
– Notify the emergency department.
21. Radiation Burns (4 of 4)
• Management (cont’d)
– Identify the radioactive source and the length of
the patient’s exposure to it.
– Limit your duration of exposure.
– Increase your distance from the source.
– Attempt to place shielding between yourself and
the sources of gamma radiation.
22. Patient Assessment of Burns
(1 of 2)
• When you are assessing a burn, it is
important for you to classify the victim’s
burns.
• Classification involves determining the:
– Source of the burn
– Depth of the burn
– Severity
23. Patient Assessment of Burns
(2 of 2)
• Patient assessment steps
– Scene size-up
– Primary assessment
– History taking
– Secondary assessment
– Reassessment
24. Scene Size-up
• Scene safety
– Observe the scene for hazards and safety threats.
– Ensure that the factors that led to the patient’s
burn injury do not pose a hazard.
• Mechanism of injury/nature of illness
– Determine the type of burn that has been
sustained and the MOI.
25. Primary Assessment (1 of 5)
• Begin with a rapid scan.
• Form a general impression.
– Be suspicious of clues that may indicate abuse.
– Consider the need for manual spinal stabilization.
– Check for responsiveness using the AVPU scale.
26. Primary Assessment (2 of 5)
• Airway and breathing
– Ensure that the patient has a clear and patent
airway.
– Be alert to signs that the patient has inhaled hot
gases or vapors:
• Singed facial hair
• Soot present in and around the airway
27. Primary Assessment (3 of 5)
• Airway and breathing (cont’d)
– Copious secretions and frequent coughing may
indicate a respiratory burn.
– Quickly assess for adequate breathing.
– Inspect and palpate the chest wall for
DCAP-BTLS.
28. Primary Assessment (4 of 5)
• Circulation
– Assess the pulse rate and quality.
– Determine perfusion based on the patient’s skin
condition, color, temperature, and capillary refill
time.
– Control significant bleeding.
– Assess for shock.
29. Primary Assessment (5 of 5)
• Transport decision
– Consider quickly transporting a patient who has:
• An airway or breathing problem
• Significant burn injuries
• Significant external bleeding
• Signs and symptoms of internal bleeding
– Consider a rendezvous with ALS providers.
30. History Taking (1 of 3)
• Investigate the chief complaint.
– Be alert for signs and symptoms of other injuries
due to the MOI.
– Typical signs of a burn are:
• Pain
• Redness
• Swelling
• Blisters
• Charring
31. History Taking (2 of 3)
• Investigate the chief complaint (cont’d).
– Regardless of the type of burn injury, it is
important for you to:
• Stop the burning process.
• Apply dressings to prevent contamination.
• Treat the patient for shock.
32. History Taking (3 of 3)
• SAMPLE history
– Along with the SAMPLE history, also ask the
following questions:
• Are you having any difficulty breathing?
• Are you having any difficulty swallowing?
• Are you having any pain?
– Check whether the patient has an emergency
medical identification device.
33. Secondary Assessment (1 of 2)
• Physical examinations
– Perform a full-body scan.
– Make a rough estimate, using the rule of nines, of
the extent of the burned area.
– Determine the classification of the burn.
– Determine the severity of the burn.
– Package the patient for transport.
34. Secondary Assessment (2 of 2)
• Physical examinations (cont’d)
– Assessment of the respiratory system involves
looking, listening, and feeling.
– Assess the patient’s neurologic system.
– Assess the musculoskeletal system.
– Determining an early set of vital signs will help
you to know how your patient is tolerating his or
her injuries.
35. Reassessment (1 of 3)
• Repeat the primary assessment and reassess
the patient’s vital signs.
• Reassess the chief complaint.
• Reevaluate interventions
– Stop the burning process.
– Assess and treat breathing.
– Support circulation.
36. Reassessment (2 of 3)
• Reassess interventions (cont’d)
– Provide rapid transport.
– Oxygen is mandatory for inhalation burns but is
also helpful in patients with smaller burns.
– If the patient has signs of hypoperfusion, treat
aggressively for shock and provide rapid
transport.
37. Reassessment (3 of 3)
• Communication and documentation
– Provide hospital personnel with a description of
how the burn occurred.
– Include the extent of the burns.
• Amount of body surface area involved
• Depth of the burn
• Location of the burn
– Document if special areas are involved.
38. Emergency Medical Care
for Burns
• Stop the burning process.
• Prevent additional injury.
• Follow the steps in Skill Drill 24-3.
40. Dressing and Bandaging (2 of 2)
• Dressings and bandages have three functions:
– To control bleeding
– To protect the wound from further damage
– To prevent further contamination and infection
41. Sterile Dressings (1 of 2)
• Most wounds will be covered by:
– Universal dressings
– Conventional 4″ 4″ and 4″ 8″ gauze pads
– Assorted small adhesive-type dressings and soft
self-adherent roller dressings
• Universal dressings are ideal for covering
large open wounds.
42. Sterile Dressings (2 of 2)
• Gauze pads are appropriate for smaller
wounds.
• Adhesive-type dressings are useful for minor
wounds.
• Occlusive dressings prevent air and liquids
from entering (or exiting) the wound.
43. Bandages (1 of 3)
• To keep dressings in place during transport,
you can use:
– Soft roller bandages
– Rolls of gauze
– Triangular bandages
– Adhesive tape
• The self-adherent, soft roller bandages are
easiest to use.
44. Bandages (2 of 3)
• Adhesive tape holds small dressings in place
and helps to secure larger dressings.
• Do not use elastic bandages to secure
dressings.
– The bandage may become a tourniquet and
cause further damage.
45. Bandages (3 of 3)
• Splints are useful in stabilizing broken
extremities.
– Can be used with dressings to help control
bleeding from soft-tissue injuries
• If a wound continues to bleed despite the use
of direct pressure, quickly proceed to the use
of a tourniquet.