Chapter 2 discusses data types in programming, focusing on expressions, booleans, functions, objects, strings, and arrays. It explains how to use them, their properties, and some built-in methods, alongside examples and practical applications. Key concepts include the use of functions for code reuse, object storage for grouping values, and manipulating strings and arrays.

1. chapter 2
what’s your type?

2. expression
semicolon ends
the expression
arithmetic operator
value value
2 + 2;

3. 2 + 2;
value
(number)
value
(number)

4. Numbers
Good for... Not good for...
● A person’s age
● Day of the month
● Time
● Score in a game
● A person’s name
● Day name (Friday, etc.)
● Mailing address
● Chat message

5. Booleans
A binary value, having two possible values
called “true” and “false”
Bool·e·an
ˈbo͞olēən/

6. Booleans
var isAwake = true;

7. Booleans
var isAwake = true;
keyword

8. Booleans
var isAwake = true;
identifier

9. Booleans
var isAwake = true;
boolean literal

10. Booleans
var isAwake = true;
assignment operator

11. Booleans
var isAwake = true;
keyword identifier
assignment operator
boolean literal

12. Booleans
var isAwake = true;
var isSad = false;

13. Booleans
Boolean('Seth'); // evaluates to true
Boolean(''); // evaluates to false
Boolean(0); // evaluates to false
Boolean(234); // evaluates to true

14. Booleans
Good for...
● Constructing logical
expressions
if (isAwake) {
// do
something
}

15. function add(number1, number2) {
return number1 + number2;
}
Functions
Group code into a reusable chunk.

16. function add(number1, number2) {
return number1 + number2;
}
Functions
Group code into a reusable chunk.
keyword

17. Functions
Group code into a reusable chunk.
function add(number1, number2) {
return number1 + number2;
}
function name

18. Functions
Group code into a reusable chunk.
function add(number1, number2) {
return number1 + number2;
}
argument argument

19. Functions
Group code into a reusable chunk.
function add(number1, number2) {
return number1 + number2;
}
function body

20. Functions
Group code into a reusable chunk.
function add(number1, number2) {
return number1 + number2;
} keyword

21. Functions
Group code into a reusable chunk.
function add(number1, number2) {
return number1 + number2;
} value to return

22. Functions
Group code into a reusable chunk.
function add(number1, number2) {
return number1 + number2;
}
keyword
function name
argument argument
keyword value to return
function body

23. Functions
function add(number1, number2) {
return number1 + number2;
}
add(10, 55); // evaluates to 65
invoke the function

24. Functions
Good for...
● Organizing your code into
reusable pieces
● Holding code to draw a
character in a game
● Calculating some value

25. Objects
Store a group of values.
var player = {
score: 100,
level: 3
};

26. Objects
Store a group of values.
var player = {
score: 100,
level: 3
};
key
value

27. Objects
// bracket notation
player['score']; // evaluates to 100
// dot notation
player.score; // evaluates to 100

28. Objects
var player = {
score: 100,
level: 3
};
player.isAlive = true;
player.isAlive; // evaluates to true

29. Objects
var player = {
score: 100,
level: 3
};
player.score = player.score + 50;
player.score; // evaluates to 150

30. Objects
player.totalScore = function () {
return this.score * this.level;
};
player.totalScore(); // evaluates to 450 (150 * 3)

31. Built-in Objects
Math.random(); // evaluates to a random number,
// between 0 and 1
console.log('Hello World'); // prints string to
// developer console

32. Objects
Good for...
● Storing player status in a
game
● Grouping behavior with
data

33. Strings
Store alphanumeric values: letters, words,
sentences.
Examples:
Hello, my name is Bob.
Seth
t
Seth23

34. Strings
var foo = "abc"; // correct
var bar = 'abc'; // correct
var biz = 'abc"; // incorrect
Quoting styles.

35. Strings
'Seth' + ' ' + 'McLaughlin'; // evaluates to
// 'Seth McLaughlin'
Adding strings (concatenation).

36. Strings
'Seth' + 77; // evaluates to 'Seth77'
Adding strings to numbers.

37. Strings
'Seth' - 'McLaughlin'; // evaluates to NaN
'Seth' / 'McLaughlin'; // evaluates to NaN
'Seth' * 'McLaughlin'; // evaluates to NaN
-, /, * operators do not apply to string values.
NaN means “Not A Number” (invalid value)

38. Strings
'Seth'.length; // evaluates to the number 4
'Seth'[1]; // evaluates to the string 'e'
'Seth'.indexOf('e'); // evaluates to the number 1
'Seth'.toUpperCase(); // evaluates to the string 'SETH'
'Seth'.toLowerCase(); // evaluates to the string 'seth'
Some of the built-in properties.

39. Strings
Good for...
● Storing text
● A player’s name
● A website URL
● A chat message

40. Arrays
var friends = ['Richard', 'Tom', 'Susie'];
Store a list of items.
Richard Tom Susie

41. Arrays
push() -- add to end
Richard Tom Susie

42. Arrays
push() -- add to end
Richard Tom Susie
friends.push('Sara');

43. Arrays
push() -- add to end
Richard Tom Susie
friends.push('Sara');
Sara

44. Arrays
unshift() -- add to beginning
Richard Tom Susie

45. Arrays
unshift() -- add to beginning
Richard Tom Susie
friends.unshift('Sara');

46. Arrays
unshift() -- add to beginning
Richard Tom Susie
friends.unshift('Sara');

47. Arrays
unshift() -- add to beginning
Richard Tom Susie
friends.unshift('Sara');
Sara

48. Arrays
count the items
Richard Tom Susie
friends.length; // evaluates to 4
Sara

49. Arrays
Get an item
Richard Tom Susie
friends[2]; // evaluates to 'Tom'
friends[0]; // evaluates to 'Sara'
Sara

50. null and undefined
Special values to indicate a lack of value
var foo;
foo; // evaluates to undefined
var bar = null;
bar; // evaluates to null

51. null and undefined
function myFunction() {
var age = 34 + 10;
}
myFunction(); // evaluates to undefined since the
// function does not return a value

52. null and undefined
Boolean(undefined); // evaluates to false
Boolean(null); // evaluates to false

53. Review

54. What does concatenation mean?

55. What is the boolean value of 2 + '2';?

56. Write a function to multiply two numbers together,
and return the result.

57. Create an array to hold a list of state names. How can
you get the number of states in your list?

58. Create an object to represent a person. This object
should have two properties:
● name - a string
● sayHello - a function
When the function sayHello is invoked, the person’s
name should be printed to the browser’s console.

59. Intro to Programming
with Seth McLaughlin