CHAPTER-1-SEE-7- BSED - ENGLISH 3A .pptx

Secondary English Education 7
Teaching and Assessment of
Literature Studies
2nd
Semester, AY 2023-2024

OVERVIEW ON THE NATURE OF LITERATURE AND ITS GENRES
Lesson 1: Literature as Significant Human Experience
Lesson 2: Purposes of Literature
Lesson 3: Prose vs. Poetry vs. Drama vs. Fiction vs. Non-
Fiction
Lesson 4: A Survey of Authors
a.Filipino Authors
b.International Well-Known Authors
Lesson 5: Literature Competencies in English K to 12
Curriculum
CHAPTER 1

At the end of this module, you should be able to:
• describe literature as a significant part of human experiences;
•explain the function of literature to people and their society;
•identify the purposes of literature;
•review the nature of literature and its genre;
•identify notable authors appropriate for literature study in K to 12
English; and,
•examine the learning competencies in English Grades 7-10 related
to Literature.
DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Lesson 1: LITERATURE AS SIGNIFICANT HUMAN EXPERIENCE
Literature is any written work that deals with man
and his experiences expressed in artistic,
imaginative, creative, and meaningful languages
which arouses a noble feeling of pleasure in its
interpretation and commentary on man’s fate and
destiny.
It is an essential part of history. It tells us something
about our past and our present. It has been used to
inform what is happening in the country and the
world. It is also used for entertainment, to instruct
and improve the readers.

The human experience in literature contains themes
about life and society that are relatable to readers.
Theme related to human experience encompass any
commentary on society and human nature, such as,
parent/child relationships, death, loneliness, conformity,
growing up, aging, human rights, charity, equality, and
materialism.

LITERATURE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON HUMAN LIFE
Literature grows out of life, reacts upon life and fed by life.
Generally, we can say that everything in print is literature.
Broadly speaking, “literature” is used to describe anything from
creative writing to more technical or scientific works, but the term is
most used to refer to works of the creative imagination, including
works of drama, essays, fiction and nonfiction.
Any work of art in which the emotional content predominates is
literature. Literature is the expression of written words. Literature is
distinct from all other arts. It has no medium of its own.

LITERATURE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON HUMAN LIFE
 Its boundaries cross our lives, traditions, culture, social
relations, national unity and a lot more.
 It serves as a reflection of reality, a product of art, and
window to an ideology, everything that happens within a
society can be written, recorded in, and learned from the
piece of literature.
 Whether it be poetry or prose, literature provides insight,
knowledge, or wisdom, and emotion towards the person who
partakes it entirely.

‘LITERATURE’ based on different point of views
 literature is art,
 literature is language,
 literature is aesthetic,
 literature is fictional,
 literature is expressive, and
 literature is affective.
 literature is everything in print.
 it means any writing can be categorized as literature.

FUNCTION OF LITERATURE
1. Entertainment Function- known as “pleasure reading”. In this function,
literature is used to entertain its readers. It is consumed for the sake of
one’s enjoyment.
2. Social and Political Function– Literature shows how society works
around them. It helps the reader “see” the social and political constructs
around him and shows the state of the people and the world around
him.
3. Ideological Function – shapes our way of thinking based on the ideas
of other people. Literature also displays a person’s ideology placed in the
text consciously and unconsciously.

4. Moral Function – Literature may impart moral values to its readers.
The morals contained in a literary text, whether good or bad, are
absorbed by whoever reads it, thus helps in shaping their personality.
5. Linguistic Function – Literature preserves the language of every
civilization from where it originated. They are also evidences that a
certain civilization has existed by recording the language and
preserving it through wide spans of time.
6. Cultural Function – Literature orients us to the traditions, folklore
and the arts of our ethnic group's heritage. It preserves entire cultures
and creates an imprint of the people’s way of living for others to read,
hear, and learn.

7. Educational Function – Literature teaches us of many things
about the human experience. It is used to portray the facets of life
that we see, and those that we would never dream of seeing.
Literature therefore, is a conduct for the chance to experience and
feel things where we can learn things about life.
8. Historical Function – Ancient texts, illuminated scripts, stone
tablets etc, keeps a record of events that happened in the place
where they originated. Thus, they serve as time capsules of letters
that is studies by scholars and researchers of today.

Lesson 2: Purposes of Literature
There is no Frigate like a Book
To take us Lands away
Nor any Coursers like a Page
Of prancing poetry—
This Traverse may the poorest take
Without oppress of Toll—
How frugal is the Chariot
That bears the Human soul.
—Emily Dickinson (ca. 1873)

IMPORTANCE OF LITERATURE
 Literature improves your command of language.
 It teaches you about the life, cultures and experiences of
people in other parts of the world.
 It gives you information about other parts of the world
which you may never be able to visit in your lifetime.
 It entertains you and provides useful occupation in your
free time.

IMPORTANCE OF LITERATURE
 It makes you a wiser and more experienced person by
forcing you to judge, sympathize with, or criticize the
characters you read about.
 It helps you compare your own experiences with the
experiences of other people.
• It gives information which may be useful in other subjects,
for example, in Geography, Science, History, Social
Studies, and so on.

PURPOSE OF LITERATURE
The purpose of literature is to entertain and instruct (or to delight and
enlighten) the reader through the use of the imagination. Literature can also
shock, amaze, or provide readers with an escape from reality for a while
Rationale for teaching and studying Literature:
 Gets one acquainted with the world’s great minds, personalities and
great teachers of all ages.
 Aims at helping one understand oneself as well as others.
 Provides opportunity for development of sensory, affective, social,
intellectual and religious senses or faculties.

 Provides vicarious experiences to those exposed to it
 Trains the mind and equips the child for independent work and
unbiased judgment i.e in analysis and criticism.
 Trains the mind and equips the child for independent work and
unbiased judgment i.e in analysis and criticism.
 Helps one operate one’s rationale facilities. It in fact exposes one to
healthy human values and attitudes, character and behavior and to
understand the complex nature of human being (Rees 1973).
 Helps one in analysis, interpreting and dealing with the world of reality.

 Helps in the acquisition and reinforcement of the language skills
(Gbenedio 1984).
 Imposes a kind of high discipline on those who are exposed to it.
 Broadens the cultural needs and horizon of the child.
 Exposes the child to the beauty and potentials of language (i.e the
aesthetic value of literature).
 Encourages attempts at creative writing which stems from
understanding a creative processes as well as appreciating the
principal of creativity (Lawal 1985).

Lesson 3: Review of Literary Genres
Literature, according to Wordsworth, is the expression of life in words of truth and
beauty. It is written record of man's spirit, his emotions, thoughts and aspirations. It is
the history and only history of the human soul.
Literature has two main divisions: prose and poetry.
Poetry is a literary composition in verse form having a regular rhyme, rhythm and
meter and divided into stanzas.
Prose on the other hand, is a literary composition in sentence form having no regular
rhyme, rhythm nor meter and divided into paragraphs.
A. Poetry is of three kinds namely: narrative poetry which tells a story; lyric poetry which
expresses the ardent personal feelings of the poet on a subject; and, dramatic poetry
which is designed to be spoken and acted on stage.

1. Narrative poetry is of three kinds: epic, ballad and metrical tale/romance.
 An epic is a long narrative poem elevated in style and dignified in tone telling of the
adventures and achievements of a hero important to the history of his race or nation.
The following are the national- epics of some countries:
England : Beowulf
France : Song of Roland
Germany : Siegfried
Greece : Iliad and Odyssey
Icelandic countries : The Volksunga Saga
India : Mahabharata and Ramayana
Italy : Aenied
Spain : El Cid
United States : Song of Hiawatha of America
 A ballad is a simple narrative poem often meant for singing, characterized by simplicity of
language and usually dealing with basic subjects such as love, honor or death.
 A metrical tale/romance is a medieval tale in verse form dealing with heroic or marvelous
achievements of knights in shining armor and of fair ladies in distress.

2. Lyric poetry is of six types namely: ode, elegy, sonnet, song, idyll and simple lyric.
 An ode is a lyric poem about a subject written when the poet is at the height of his emotion
 An elegy is a poetic lament for the dead.
 A sonnet is a lyric poem of fourteen iambic pentameter lines rhymed according to a
traditional rhyme scheme.
Sonnets are of two kinds:
a. English or Shakespearean sonnet. The fourteen iambic pentameter lines are divided into 3
quatrains plus a concluding couplet with the rhyme scheme abab, cdcd, efef, gg
b. Italian or Petrachean sonnet. The fourteen iambic pentameter lines are divided into octave
rhyming abbaabba and sestet rhyming cdecde or cdccdc.
 A song is a lyric poem set to music,
 An idyll is a descriptive poem of rural or pastoral character which expresses the poet's
feeling for his immediate landscape.

3. Dramatic poetry is classified into poetic plays, which in turn are of five types namely:
comedy, tragedy, dramatic history, farce and melodrama, masque and dramatic monologue.
 A comedy is a dramatic play of light and humorous character, typically with a cheerful or
happy ending.
 A tragedy is a dramatic play portraying the struggle of a strong-willed protagonist against
fate, as predestined by mysterious, divine, social or psychological forces culminating in
disaster and usually death caused by a flaw in the protagonist's character.
Five great Shakespearian tragedies are:
1. Hamlet - the tragedy of indecision
2. King Lear - the tragedy of parental love
3. Macbeth - the tragedy of ambition
4. Othello - the tragedy of conjugal love
5. Romeo and Juliet - the tragedy of young love

 A dramatic history is a dramatic play dealing with a past historical event.
 A farce is a light dramatic composition marked by broadly satirical comedy and
improbable plot.
 A melodrama is a dramatic composition characterized by extravagant theatricality
and by the predominance of plot and physical action over characterization.
 A masque is a short allegorical dramatic entertainment popular with courtly
audiences in 16th century and 17th century England originally consisting of
pantomime and dancing, but later characterized by elaborate staging and costuming,
the use of dance and song and very little dialogue.
 A dramatic monologue is a dramatic composition is verse form having one speaker
only.

A.Prose is divided into six; general types namely: essay, prose drama,
prose fiction, biography and autobiography, letters, diaries, journals and
other prose forms.
 An essay is a prose composition which discusses a particular subject. It
may deal with any subject and maybe descriptive, expository
argumentative, narrative or any combination of these; it may be
humorous or serious. An essay is usually unified by a central idea with
all parts in the essay contributing to that idea.
 The prose drama has the same types as the poetic plays except that
these are in prose form.

1. Prose fiction is a prose composition in which character, setting or
events are imaginatively created.
Prose fiction are of various types namely: prose allegory, prose
romance, tale of adventure, or experience, novel, novelette, short story,
fable and parable, myth, legend, folk tale and fairy tale.
 Prose allegory is a narrative in prose form in which abstract ideas are
personified,
 Prose romance is a prose narrative treating imaginary characters
involved in events remote in time or place and usually heroic,
adventurous or mysterious.
 Tale of adventure or experience is a prose fiction dealing with something
involving danger and unknown risks or man's encounter with nature.

 Novel is a fictitious prose narrative of considerable length portraying characters,
actions, and scenes representative of real life in a more or less intricate plot.
 Novelette is a prose composition shorter than a novel, longer than a short story
containing the elements of plot, setting and character with its plot more complicated
and the characters more in number than a short story.
 Short Story is a prose narrative of about 10,000 words intended to be read in one
sitting with plot, setting and character contributing to achieve a unified or single
effect.
 Fable is a prose narrative with animals or inanimate objects as characters and
devised to teach a moral/lesson.
 Parable is a short prose narrative that teaches a spiritual truth or moral lesson. It
differs from a fable as it uses persons as characters. It has setting, characters and
events.

 A myth is a prose narrative embodying the convictions of a people as
to their gods and other divine personages, their own origin and early
history and the heroes connected with it or the origin of the world or to
explain a natural phenomenon.
 A legend is a prose narrative coming down from the past especially
one regarded as historical although not verifiable.
 A folk tale is a characteristically anonymous, timeless and placeless
tale circulated orally among a people.
 A fairy tale is a narrative of' adventures involving fantastic forces and
beings too good to be true and almost always has a happy ending.

 A biography is an account of a person's life written by another.
 An autobiography is an account of a person's life written by
himself.
 A letter is a direct or personally written or printed message
addressed to a person or organization.
 A journal is a prose composition published periodically for an
exclusive readership.
 A diary is a daily record of personal activities, reflections or
feelings written by a person for posterity.
2. Prose Nonfiction

ELEMENTS OF FICTION & NONFICTION
Fiction refers to literature created from the imagination. Mysteries, science fiction,
romance, fantasy, chick lit, crime thrillers are all fiction genres. Whether or not all of these genres
should be considered “literature” is a matter of opinion. Some of these fiction genres are taught in
literature classrooms and some are not usually taught, considered more to be reading for
entertainment. Works often taught in literature classrooms are referred to as “literary fiction”
including classics by Dickens, Austen, Twain, and Poe, for example.
The 17 Most Popular Genres in Fiction
1. Romance 10. Mystery Crime
2. Action Adventure 11. Police Procedurals
3. Science Fiction 12. Historical
4. Fantasy 13. Westerns
5. Speculative Fiction 14. Family Saga
6. Suspense/Thriller 15. Women’s Fiction
7. Young Adult 16. Magic Realism
8. New Adult 17. Literary Fiction
9. Horror/Paranormal/Ghost

9 Essential Genres of Nonfiction Books
Here are some of the most prominent types of nonfiction genres.
1. History. Historical nonfiction consists of true accounts of historical eras and events.
Some histories dwell purely in objective facts, and other histories are refracted
through the lens of the author’s personal beliefs. In either case, history books must
present true stories to qualify as nonfiction. Famous writers of history include David
Halberstam and Doris Kearns Goodwin.
2. Biographies, autobiographies, and memoirs. This subset of nonfiction focuses
on
the life story of a particular subject. Biographies are written in the third person
about
someone other than the author. Autobiographies and memoirs are written by the
subject themselves. While autobiographies and memoirs are, by necessity, written
by someone who is currently alive at the time of the writing, biographies may profile
subjects both living and dead.

3. Travel guides and travelogues. Travelogues are a close cousin of memoirs, and they
recount an author’s specific experience traveling somewhere. Travel guides tend to be
more instructive, offering suggestions and practical information for travelers bound for a
particular destination.
4. Academic texts. Academic texts are designed to instruct readers on a particular topic.
Most Americans first encounter academic books in the form of assigned school textbooks
that form the basis for a yearlong class. Academic texts are also used by adults wishing
to learn a particular trade, such as car repair or music arranging.
5. Philosophy and insight. These books are a close cousin of academic texts, and
many are published by university-affiliated publishing houses. This genre runs the gamut
from traditional philosophy (Plato, Aristotle, Descartes) to scientific theories (Newton,
Watson & Crick) to analysis of scientific or cultural phenomena.

6. Journalism. Journalism is a broad subgenre of nonfiction and one that
encompasses many media. Journalism is most regularly consumed in the form of
newspapers and magazines, along with monthly journals, TV news reports, and
more. Journalism reports on true events that typically, but not always, have
relevance to a contemporary audience. Journalism can also take the form of
books. This includes narrative nonfiction and true crime books. Some of these
books, like Losing Earth by Nathaniel Rich and Memphis Rent Party by Robert
Gordon straddle the line between journalism and history. The best journalism can
receive acclaims like the Pulitzer Prize and the Peabody and Polk awards.
7. Self-help and instruction. Self-help books are some of the best-selling books
in the world of nonfiction. Many of these books concern business success,
buoying confidence, staying organized, relationship advice, dieting, and financial
management.

8. Guides and how-to manuals. Related to the self-help subgenre, but more
focused on specific skills is the subgenre of guides and how-to manuals.
These include cookbooks, musical notations, athletic instructions, and
tutorials for home hobbyists.
9. Humor and commentary. These subgenres are forms of creative
nonfiction, where analysis and reflection on real-world events are distilled
through the prism of an author’s point of view. Sometimes that point of view
can be humorous, sometimes it’s political, and sometimes it’s purely
meditative. What prevents this subcategory from being fiction is that it is
rooted in objective events, both present and historical.

REFERENCES
https://iiardpub.org/get/IJEE/VOL.%202%20NO.%
205%202016/THE%20TEACHING%20OF%20LITERATURE.pdf
https://sitwe.wordpress.com/2011/10/30/whyliterature-has-many-definitions/?
fbclid=IwAR003j7Q6yVyTXVUiVWN5wQYuW2rC_MngGtYrFlr9TxFHBoXVQrvTkl
bjM
1. https://literatureandarts.wordpress.com/
2. https://totallyhistory.com/biography/famous-authors/
3. https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/English-CG.pdf

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