Chapter 1 covers the basics of motion, defining it as a change in position relative to a reference point. It explains concepts like speed, velocity, and acceleration, along with methods for measuring these properties, such as using meters and kilometers. The section also discusses how to interpret motion graphs and describes various examples of constant and changing speeds.

1. Chapter 1: Motion
Chapter 1: Motion
Section 1:
Section 1: Describing and Measuring Motion
Describing and Measuring Motion
How do you recognize motion?
How do you recognize motion?

2. Chapter 1: Motion
Chapter 1: Motion
Section 1: Describing and Measuring Motion
Section 1: Describing and Measuring Motion
How do you recognize motion?
How do you recognize motion?
An object is in
An object is in
motion
motion when its
when its
distance
distance from
from
another object is
another object is
changing
changing

3. Chapter 1: Motion
Chapter 1: Motion
Section 1: Describing and Measuring Motion
Section 1: Describing and Measuring Motion
How do you recognize motion?
How do you recognize motion?
Movement depends on your
Movement depends on your
point of
point of view
view
Frame of reference
Frame of reference

4. What is a reference point?
What is a reference point?
Frame of Reference
Frame of Reference
A
A place
place or object used for
or object used for
comparison to determine if
comparison to determine if
something is in
something is in motion
motion
An
An object
object is in motion if it
is in motion if it
changes
changes position
position relative to a
relative to a
reference
reference point
point

5. What is the basic unit of length?
What is the basic unit of length?
The
The meter
meter – a little longer than
– a little longer than
a
a yard
yard

6. What do scientists use to measure the
What do scientists use to measure the
length of an object smaller than a yard?
length of an object smaller than a yard?
A
A centimeter
centimeter – one
– one
hundredth of a
hundredth of a
meter, so there are
meter, so there are
100
100 centimeters in a
centimeters in a
meter
meter
A
A millimeter
millimeter – There
– There
are
are 1,000
1,000 millimeters
millimeters
in a
in a meter
meter

7. How do scientists measure long
How do scientists measure long
distances?
distances?
The
The kilometer
kilometer
– There are
– There are
1,000
1,000 meters
meters
in 1 kilometer
in 1 kilometer

8. How do scientists calculate speed?
How do scientists calculate speed?
Speed – the
Speed – the distance
distance the object
the object
travels in one unit of
travels in one unit of time
time
Rate – tells you the amount of
Rate – tells you the amount of
something
something that occurs or
that occurs or
changes in one unit of
changes in one unit of time
time
Speed =
Speed = distance
distance
time
time

9. What is constant speed?
What is constant speed?
If the
If the speed
speed of
of
an object does
an object does
not
not change, the
change, the
object is
object is
traveling at a
traveling at a
constant
constant speed
speed

10. What is average speed?
What is average speed?
Most objects do
Most objects do
not
not move at
move at
constant
constant speeds
speeds
for very
for very long
long
To find average
To find average
speed
speed divide
divide the
the
total
total distance
distance by
by
the total
the total time
time •Car trip

11. What is Velocity?
What is Velocity?
Speed
Speed in a given
in a given direction
direction
When you know the
When you know the speed
speed
and
and direction
direction of an
of an
object’s motion, you know
object’s motion, you know
the
the velocity
velocity of the object
of the object
Example: 15 km/hour
Example: 15 km/hour
westward
westward

12. How do you graph motion?
How do you graph motion?
You can show the
You can show the
motion
motion of an object
of an object
on a
on a line
line graph in
graph in
which you plot
which you plot
distance
distance against
against time
time
Time
Time is along the x-
is along the x-
axis and
axis and distance
distance on
on
the y-axis
the y-axis

13. How do you interpret motion
How do you interpret motion
graphs?
graphs?
A
A straight
straight line indicates a
line indicates a
constant
constant speed
speed
The
The steepness
steepness depends
depends
on how quickly or slowly
on how quickly or slowly
the object is moving
the object is moving
The faster the motion
The faster the motion
the
the steeper
steeper the slope
the slope

14. Section 2:
Section 2: Slow motion on Planet
Slow motion on Planet
Earth
Earth
According to their
According to their
explanation,
explanation,
known as the
known as the
theory of
theory of plate
plate
tectonics
tectonics, Earth’s
, Earth’s
plates move ever
plates move ever
so
so slowly
slowly in
in
various directions
various directions

15. How fast do plates move?
How fast do plates move?
Some small plates
Some small plates
can move as much
can move as much
as several
as several
centimeters
centimeters per
per
year, whereas
year, whereas
other move only a
other move only a
few
few millimeters
millimeters
per year
per year

16. How can you calculate the distance
How can you calculate the distance
an object has moved?
an object has moved?
Rearrange the
Rearrange the speed
speed formula
formula
Distance =
Distance = Speed
Speed x
x Time
Time
Converting units – choose a
Converting units – choose a
conversion
conversion factor that will allow you
factor that will allow you
to cancel
to cancel units
units
D
S T

17. Section 3: Acceleration
Section 3: Acceleration
What is Acceleration?
What is Acceleration?
The
The rate
rate at which
at which
velocity
velocity changes
changes
In science,
In science,
acceleration refers to:
acceleration refers to:
increasing
increasing speed
speed
decreasing
decreasing speed
speed
changing
changing direction
direction

18. Acceleration
Acceleration
Whenever an objects speed
Whenever an objects speed
increases,
increases, the object
the object
accelerates.
accelerates.
Pitcher throwing a softball
Pitcher throwing a softball
Car moving from a stopped
Car moving from a stopped
position
position

19. Acceleration
Acceleration
Whenever an objects speed
Whenever an objects speed
SLOWS DOWN, the object
SLOWS DOWN, the object
decelerates
decelerates or has negative
or has negative
acceleration.
acceleration.
Softball landing in the
Softball landing in the
catcher’s glove.
catcher’s glove.
Car stopping at a red light.
Car stopping at a red light.

20. Acceleration
Acceleration
Acceleration can be a
Acceleration can be a change in
change in
direction
direction as well as a change in
as well as a change in
speed.
speed.
Runners accelerate as the round a
Runners accelerate as the round a
curve
curve
car accelerates as it follows a curve in
car accelerates as it follows a curve in
the road
the road
a softball accelerates as it is hit by a
a softball accelerates as it is hit by a
bat.
bat.

21. Acceleration
Acceleration
Many objects continuously change
Many objects continuously change
direction without changing speed.
direction without changing speed.
Circular motion
Circular motion – a motion
– a motion
along a circular path.
along a circular path.
Ex. Seats on a Ferris wheel
Ex. Seats on a Ferris wheel

22. Stop and Think
Stop and Think
How can a car be accelerating if its
How can a car be accelerating if its
speed is constant at 65 km/hr?
speed is constant at 65 km/hr?

23. How do you calculate acceleration?
How do you calculate acceleration?
To determine the acceleration rate of
To determine the acceleration rate of
an object, you must calculate the
an object, you must calculate the
change
change in velocity during each unit of
in velocity during each unit of
time
time
Acceleration =
Acceleration = Final velocity – Initial
Final velocity – Initial
velocity
velocity
Time
Time

24. How do you interpret graphs to
How do you interpret graphs to
determine acceleration?
determine acceleration?
 The acceleration at any moment is
The acceleration at any moment is
equal
equal to the slope of the
to the slope of the velocity
velocity time
time
graph at that moment in time
graph at that moment in time
Acceleration vs. Constant speed