Chapter 1- Mobile Application Development Introduction-java.pptx

Introduction to Mobile Application Development by Amdework Asefa
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By Amdework Asefa
Mobile Application
Development

Contents
● Short Introduction about Mobile App Dev’t
● Mobile App development tools and services (android vs iOS)
● Android Versions
● Challenges of Android app development
● App fundamentals: Android App File Structure, UI Architecture &
Components
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Mobile Application Development
● Mobile device: more than simple call and website access.
● According to Statista there are 17.72 billion mobile Devices worldwide
in 2024.
● Recent study shows >50% of Googling happens via smart-phones.
● Mobile is needed in every business which has given the kicking start
to mobile app dev’t.
● Mobile app dev’t: is the process of creating software apps that run on
a mobile devices (Phones, tablets, watches, TVs, and Cars)..
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What is Android?
● Android is an open-source, Linux-based mobile operating system
developed by Google.
● Is a User Interface for touch screens
● Highly customizable for devices / by vendors
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Major Mobile Development Tools and Services
● Android:
 Android Studio,
 Firebase
● iOS:
 xCODE
 AppCode
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Differences between Android and iOS
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Android iOS
• Developed by Google.
• Designed to run on a variety
of hardware platforms
• Based on the Linux kernel
• Completely open source
• Covers >75% of the market
• Over 4.67 Million Android
apps in Google Play store
• Developed by Apple.
• Designed to run only on a
specific set of apple devices.
• Unix Kernel called Mach
• Limited many features of its
platform and source code
• Covers >18% of the market
• Over 1.81 Million iOS apps in
Appstore

Android Studio
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● Official Android IDE
● Used to Develop, run,
debug, test, and
package apps
● Has Virtual devices,
Project views and
Visual layout editor

Google Play store
After you complete development
You can
Publish your apps through Google Play store:
● Official app store for Android
● Digital distribution service operated by Google
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Android versions
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Codename Version Released API Level
CupCake, Donut,
Eclair
1.5 -2.1 2009-
2010
2-9
Honeycomb 3.0 - 3.2.6 Feb 2011 11 - 13
Ice Cream Sandwich 4.0 - 4.0.4 Oct 2011 14 - 15
Jelly Bean 4.1 - 4.3.1 July 2012 16 - 18
KitKat 4.4 - 4.4.4 Oct 2013 19 - 20
Lollipop 5.0 - 5.1.1 Nov 2014 21 - 22
Android History and
Platform Versions
for more and earlier
versions before 2011

Android versions (Latest)
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Codename Version Released API Level
Marshmallow 6.0 - 6.0.1 Oct 2015 23
Nougat 7.0 - 7.1 Sept 2016 24 - 25
Oreo 8.0 - 8.1 Sept 2017 26 - 27
Pie 9.0 Aug 2018 28
Android version 10, 11…. 10, 11, 12, 13 Sept 2019-22 29-33
Android version 14 14 2023-24 34
Android 10 is the first numeric version….

How to Develop Android app?
● Learn Programming and Markup Languages; Java,
Kotlin/Flutter with XML
● Uses the Android Software Development Kit (SDK)
 Development tools /IDE (debugger, monitors, editors)
 Libraries, Frameworks (maps, wearables)
 Virtual devices (emulators), Physical phones
 Documentation (developers.android.com)
● Practice! Practice! Practice!
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Challenges of Android development
● Low HW performance and inconvenient Dev’t Env’t
● Compatibility: run on older version, screen size & resolution
● Performance: make your apps responsive and smooth
● Security: keep source code and user data safe
● Marketing: understand the market and your users
 It doesn't have to be expensive, but it can be
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Developer workflow basics
1. Set up your workspace: Install IDE, and create project
2. Write your app: write code, design a UI, & create resource
3. Build and run: install and run on the emulator/device.
4. Debug, profile, and test: test your app in Android Studio.
5. Publish: make your app accessible.
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Android Development Tool User Interface
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1 2 3 5
4 6 7 8 9

1. Tool window bar: Use the buttons on the outside of the IDE window to expand or collapse individual tool windows.
2. Tool windows: Access specific tasks like project management, search, version control, and more. You can expand
them and collapse them.
3. Navigation bar: Navigate through your project and open files for editing. It provides a more compact view of the
structure visible in the Project window.
4. Main Menu: has main settings, setups and properties to control the project.
5. Editor window: Create and modify code. Depending on the current file type, the editor can change. For example,
when viewing a layout file, the editor displays the Layout Editor.
6. Design Window: Used to design GUI
7. Toolbar: Carry out a wide range of actions, including running your app and launching Android tools.
8. Status bar: Display the status of your project and the IDE itself, as well as any warnings or messages.
9. Test Tool Windows Bar: used to create AVD, validation, notification, and gradle
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Android application structure
building blocks
● AndroidManifest.xml: information about app for the runtime
● Java/Kotlin Folder: contains the Java/kotlin source code
● drawable folder: contains resource type file
● layout: defines the visual structure for a user interface
● mipmap Folder: contains Image Asset files. E.g. Launcher, Tab
Icon
● colors.xml file: contains color resources
● theme.xml file: contains string resources
● styles.xml file: contains resources of the theme style
● build.gradle(Module: app): defines the module-specific build
configurations. …..
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Intent
• Intent: Is a special class to move from screen to screen.
• It describe what an application wants done. Used in Explicit intent
• IntentFilter: is an expression in an app's manifest file that specifies
the type of intents that the component would like to receive. Used in
implicit intent.
• The two most important parts of the intent data structure are the
action and the data to act upon.
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Activity Lifecycle
● In Android, an activity is referred to as one screen in an
application.
● It is very similar to a single window of any desktop app.
● An Android app consists of 1 or more screens/ activities.
● Each activity goes through various stages or a lifecycle
and is managed by activity stacks.
● So when a new activity starts, the previous one always
remains below it.
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Activity Lifecycle ..
• There are four stages of an activity.
1. Active/Running Activity: if it is on the top of stake (Foreground)
2. A lost focus and a non-full-sized or transparent activity: Either
another activity has a higher position or the activity itself is not
focusable in the current window
3. Hidden activity: If an activity is completely hidden by another
activity, it is stopped or hidden. It still retains all the information, and
will often be killed by the system when memory is needed elsewhere.
4. Dead/Idle Activity: completely killed or not started yet activity
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UI Components
● User Interfaces (UI) in Android can be built within two
ways, by defining XML-Code or by writing Java-Code.
● Defining the GUI structure in XML is highly preferable,
● Jetpack Compose (Kotlin) is more preferable.
● Based on the Model-Viewer-Control principle that the UI
should always be separated from the program-logic.
● Adapting a program from one screen to another is a lot easier.
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Android UI Components
• Activities: is single displayed window. (J)Frame in Swing.
• Views: Building block of UI. includes controls. (J) Components in Swing.
• TextViews: used to display text to the user. (J)Labels in Swing.
• EditTexts: A predefined subclass of TextView that includes rich editing
capabilities. (J)TextFields in Swing. (AutoCompleteTextView)
• Buttons: A push-button that can be pressed, or clicked, by the user to
perform an action. (J)Buttons in Swing.
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Android UI Components...
• ImageButton: is single displayed window. (J)Frame in Swing. ImageButton
• CheckBox: An on/off switch that can be toggled by the user to select a
group of selectable options that are not mutually exclusive.
• ToggleButton: An on/off button with a light indicator.
• RadioButton: has two states: either checked or unchecked.
• RadioGroup: used to group together one or more RadioButtons.
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• ProgressBar: provides visual feedback about some ongoing tasks, such
as when you are performing a task in the background.
• Spinner: A drop-down list that allows users to select one value from a set.
• TimePicker: Enables users to select a time of the day, in either 24-hour
mode or AM/PM mode.
• DatePicker: Enables users to select a date of the day.
….. And so on…
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Learn more
● Android History
● Introduction to Android
● Platform Architecture
● UI Overview
● Platform Versions
● Supporting Different Platform Versions
● Android Studio User’s Guide
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What's Next?
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● Chapter Two: Notification, Menus and Dialogs

THE END
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Chapter 1- Mobile Application Development Introduction-java.pptx

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