Chapple, R. M. 2014 ‘Oh, Margaret the lapping waves are licking quietly at ou...Robert M Chapple
Chapple, R. M. 2014 ‘Oh, Margaret the lapping waves are licking quietly at our ankles’ | The fall of commercial archaeology in Northern Ireland. Blogspot post
Chapple, R. M. 2014 ‘Oh, Margaret the lapping waves are licking quietly at ou...Robert M Chapple
Chapple, R. M. 2014 ‘Oh, Margaret the lapping waves are licking quietly at our ankles’ | The fall of commercial archaeology in Northern Ireland. Blogspot post
Final Excavation, N22 Gortatlea To Farranfore, Co Kerry 04 E0646John Tierney
The fulacht fiadh, AR10, is located in the townland of Garraundarragh and the parish of Currans (National Grid Reference Q093050/107950) in north Kerry, c. 4km north of Farranfore and c. 8km south-east of Tralee town. It is situated at the southern end of a wet and low-lying field used for rough pasture and is bounded to the south and east by a substantial drainage dyke.
The basal remains of the fulacht fiadh mound were recorded in test trench 22, chainage 7470-7495, Field 10, and measured 15m north-south by 17m east-west and up to 0.40m deep. This feature is not a classic fulacht fiadh as described above but the remains of a mound that has been disturbed by land reclamation and the digging of drainage ditches and cultivation furrows.
Prehistoric Metal Mining in Britain: The Study of Cobble Stone Mining Tools Based on Artefact Study, Ethnography and Experimentation
Minería Prehistórica en Gran Bretaña: El Estudio de Herramientas Mineras Líticas a Partir de Estudios Artefactuales, Etnografía y Experimentación 33
Simon Timberlake and Brenda Craddock
An investigation into folklore associated with Bronze Age stone circles of K...Victor Reijs
An overview of the results from investigations around the folklore. Taking the psychological types of Jung as the investigation directions: pragmatic, artistic, mythic and scientific.
The beginning of metallurgy in the southern Levant: a late 6th Millennium Cal...José Luis Moreno Garvayo
Arqueólogos e investigadores de la Universidad de Haifa, de la Universidad Hebrea de Jerusalén y del Instituto Arqueológico Alemán de Berlín han publicado el hallazgo del objeto de metal más antiguo recuperado en Oriente Medio: se trata de un punzón de cobre datado hacia finales del sexto milenio o principios del quinto milenio antes de Cristo
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Review: Creative Minds: Proceedings of a Public Seminar on Archaeological Discoveries on National road Schemes, August 2009
1. Review: Creative Minds: Proceedings of a Public Seminar on Archaeological
Discoveries on National Road Schemes, August 2009
Originally posted online on 16 November 2011 at rmchapple.blogspot.com
(http://rmchapple.blogspot.co.uk/2011/11/review-creative-minds-proceedings-of.html)
Michael Stanley, Ed Danaher & James Eogan (eds.). National Roads Authority, Dublin,
2010. 146pp. Colour illustrations and plates throughout. ISBN 978-0-9564180-2-9.
ISSN 1694-3540. €25.
Creative Minds is the result of a 2009 public seminar on archaeological results from
National Road Authority schemes in the Republic of Ireland. The volume is also the
seventh in the ‘Archaeology and the National Roads Authority Monograph Series’
publications of conference papers. To anyone involved in Irish archaeology over the last
decade, these volumes have become a staple source for the dissemination of the latest
results and ideas on some of the major excavations of our times. It is inevitable that,
with the completion of many road schemes, coupled with the general downturn in the
economy, this volume should present more thematic overviews of entire road schemes,
rather than the results of individual excavations. The volume is dedicated to the late
Dáire O’Rourke, Head of Archaeology at the NRA from 2001 to 2010
The first paper in the volume is Farina Sternke’s ‘From boy to man: ‘rights’ of
passage and the lithic assemblage from a Neolithic mound in Tullahedy, Co.
Tipperary’. The author attempts to move beyond what she terms the ‘dry, technical
pursuit’ of the analysis of lithic assemblages to gain deeper insights into the lives of our
ancestors. The site at Tullahedy was an enclosed Neolithic settlement complex that had
suffered from quarrying over the last two centuries. Despite this, five phases of
occupation have been identified, beginning in the Middle Neolithic (3600-2900 BC) and
2. running up to the working of the modern quarry. The recovered lithics (1691 items)
comprise various cores, blades, flakes etc., along with 137 whole or fragmentary polished
stone axe heads. The majority of the assemblage (87%) was chert, and the author makes
the point that a corpus of this size is exceedingly rare in the southern portion of the
island. The presence of artefacts and production processes at variance from the accepted
forms led the author to speculate that they may be the work of apprentices. These
include the numerous abandoned arrowhead fragments that appear to have broken
during manufacture. Similarly, the recovered axe heads display remarkable defects: use
of unsuitable raw materials, poor workmanship, and many would have broken at the
first attempt to use them. The author sees the Tullahedy mound as a special place within
the landscape, possibly a ritual centre where such ceremonies as rites of passage were
conducted. While I remain to be fully convinced by all of the arguments and speculation
presented, the assemblage is certainly intriguing and deserves further study. Richard
O’Brien presents a general introduction to Spindle-whorls and hand-spinning in
Ireland. Based on his MA research, he presents brief overviews on identifying and
dating Irish spindle-whorls. This is followed by some observations on experiments with
whorls. In his conclusions, O’Brien asks for better reporting of spindle-whorls in future
excavation reports, especially the inclusion of weight data. In Clay and fire: the
development and distribution of pottery traditions in prehistoric Ireland,
Eoin Grogan and Helen Roche attempt to use the combined evidence from recent NRA
excavations to reassess the chronology and development sequence for all Irish
prehistoric pottery types. They also offer a review of the contexts and distribution of this
material. They see pottery production as occurring at the local level of family or
community, utilising locally available materials, and carried out by the more adept
members of the group. They suggest that during the Early Bronze Age, in particular,
there is evidence of specialised potters, producing higher quality funerary vessels. They
suggest that the absence of both ‘practice pieces’ and children’s playthings may be
explained in terms of a general taboo or long-standing restrictions associated with
pottery production. They also raise the question of the almost complete absence of both
human and animal representations from prehistoric pottery. They see the new data
provided by the ‘Celtic Tiger’ building boom as both confirming known patterns of
spatial distribution and human activity, and extending our of knowledge of the range
and density of prehistoric settlement. Ellen OCarroll presents Ancient woodland use
in the midlands: understanding environmental and landscape change
through archaeological and palaeoecological techniques. The linking of
archaeologically excavated evidence and palaeoenvironmental is demonstrated in a case
study relating to the rath at Barronstown 1, Co. Meath. Excavation produced nearly 500
wood fragments, from artefacts to stakes and chippings. The identified samples included
a range of species, but the assemblage was dominated by hazel, ash, oak, and yew.
Further analysis, centred on pollen identification from the bases of the ditches provided
a different picture. Here there were high levels of herbaceous taxa (including cereals),
but low levels of tree pollen. This is in keeping with other research that suggests a major
programme of deforestation from the later Iron Age onwards to provide viable farm
land. The author then details her PhD project, funded by the NRA, to examine landscape
and environmental change in the Irish midlands, through the medium of human
interaction with woodlands. Initial findings from one of the pollen cores suggests large-
scale clearance of the landscape from the Bronze Age onwards. Charcoal identifications
3. from various sites along the N6 scheme show a domination of oak in the record, but with
significant proportions of alder, ash, and hazel. In Reinventing the wheel: new
evidence from Edercloon, Co. Longford, Caitríona Moore and Chiara Chiriotti
describe the excavation of Ireland’s earliest block wheel. It was recovered from the base
of a large trackway. While the wheel itself has not been directly dated, a piece of
brushwood that directly overlay it was radiocarbon dated to 2909±39 BP (1206-970 cal
BC, Wk-20961). A dendro date of 1120±9 BC was returned from wood from the same
layer, but in a different part of the trackway. A further wheel rim was recovered, dating
from the 7th to 3rd centuries BC. Amazingly, the only known parallel for such a find was
also recovered from the Edercloon excavations, though this piece is broadly dated to the
7th to 9th centuries AD. A number of hypotheses as to what the wheels may have looked
like, supported with excellent computer-generated visualizations, are presented and
analysed. The authors also note that despite this profusion of wheels, the Edercloon
trackways were never suitable for wheeled transport. The chronological span of the
artefacts is not only seen in terms of a long-term tradition of wheel-making, but an
enduring custom of deposition within the trackways. Angela Wallace and Lorna
Anguilano look at Iron-smelting and smithing: new evidence emerging on
Irish road schemes. They examine the methods production, from sourcing,
processing, and smelting the ore, followed by an assessment of prehistoric and Early
Christian iron working. Detailed case studies are presented for Lowpark 1, Co, Mayo,
and Borris, Co. Tipperary. In conclusion, the authors identify the lack of recovery of ore
from excavations, along with the absence of large-scale iron-smelting sites. They
propose that an examination of 18th and 19th century mining records, as part of a
broader research framework, may lead to the discovery of Iron Age sites. Further
research is urged on the development and adoption of iron-working in Ireland. They
argue that while there is much evidence for small-scale iron-production in the Early
Christian period, there is also evidence for increased specialisation, with different
activities being carried out at different sites. Paul Stevens presents For whom the bell
tolls: the monastic site at Clonfad 3, Co. Westmeath. He outlines the phases of
occupation at the site from the early monastic occupation in the 5 th to 6th centuries AD
(Phase 1A) to small-scale iron smithing in the 17th to 19th centuries (Phase 3). After a
short introduction to the recovered metallurgical residues, the evidence for the
production of Early Christian hand bells is presented and assessed, along with attempts
to reproduce an example of such a bell. In particular, there is evidence that wrought iron
hand bells were covered in a thin layer of bronze, applied using the brazing technique.
The place of Clonfad 3 is also assessed in terms of its position as a long-term
manufacturing centre for these prestigious items. Finally, Niall Kenny presents a
valuable contribution on Charcoal production in medieval Ireland. In response to
such comments as ‘charcoal production pits are one of the most understudied areas in
Irish early medieval archaeology’, the author presents a review of the traditional
methods of charcoal production. The main methods include pit kilns and mound kilns,
and the comparable archaeological evidence is presented and reviewed.
From the point of view of my own research interests, the appendix presenting the
radiocarbon determinations from the sites discussed in the text is of special importance.
The appendix lists 99 radiocarbon dates, 61 of which are new to the IR&DD catalogue.
However, in adding these dates to the resource a number of inconsistencies in the data
4. were noted. To cite one example: the date Beta-171418 from Curraheen 1, Co. Cork, is
here cited as 2210±60 BP, but is given as 2230±60 BP in the NRA Database entry for
the site. While this is a small discrepancy, it is sufficient to produce different calibrated
dates and, more importantly, lessen confidence in the accuracy of the published data in
the site. This appears to be a recurring error in this series. As it appears to be confined
to dates produced by Beta Analytic, I would guess (but I may be wrong) that it is due to
the incorrect usage of the two types of date provided by the laboratory. I have written
about this before (here (or here), and here), but it is useful to recap: Beta
Analytic provides both a Measured Radiocarbon Age and a Conventional Radiocarbon
Age. The Measured Radiocarbon Age records the amount of 14C surviving in the sample,
while the Conventional Radiocarbon Age contains corrections to allow for isotopic
fractionation etc. Of the two, only the Conventional Radiocarbon Age should be quoted
in publications. Unfortunately, when both dates are available there is no easy way to
distinguish which one is the MRA and which is the CRA, leading to a lack of confidence
in both. My one other, albeit minor, criticism is that the one dendrochronological date
quoted in the text is not afforded its own appendix, making it easy to accidentally
overlook by researchers such as myself.
Despite these minor criticisms, this volume represents a valuable step in the process of
synthesising data from numerous excavated sites on publicly funded NRA schemes and
presenting it to a wide audience of both professional archaeologists and the interested
public. The editors and contributors are to be commended for their dedication in
continuing this important series.
Note: Robert M Chapple wishes to acknowledge the financial assistance provided under
the Built Heritage element of the Environment Fund by the Department of Arts,
Heritage and the Gaeltacht towards the Irish Radiocarbon & Dendrochronological
Dates project [IR&DD Facebook Page].