1) The document presents demographic and socioeconomic data on the province of Gauteng in South Africa, focusing on topics like population, poverty, education, industry, and research and development. 2) The data indicate that Gauteng receives migrants from other provinces and has relatively low poverty, but poverty levels may be growing. 3) Gauteng has strengths in manufacturing, services, and higher education, but it is unclear how well knowledge and innovation link to addressing poverty and exports.

1. COFISA: Foresight
for Provincial Innovation
Gauteng
A Baseline Data Snapshot
Eskom Convention Centre, Midrand, 15th November 2007
Peter Greenwood & Bob Day
Non-Zero-Sum Development

2. Data sources
• COFISA baseline data study
– In progress for E Cape, W Cape and Gauteng (IsambuloAMI)
– Meta-data for ~800 datasets, at different degrees of
disaggregation
– CeSTII innovation data disaggregated to provincial level by
December
• Gauteng baseline data
– Only ~180 datasets currently (freely) available with data that
is disaggregated down to the province or finer
– Our sources for Gauteng:
• Human Sciences Research Council
• Statistics South Africa
• Gauteng Provincial Government

3. Topics
• Population, Poverty and Basic Services
• Education
• Gauteng PGDS
• Industry
• Research and Development

4. Population, Poverty
and Basic Services

5. Gauteng
population growth
12
10
Gauteng Population (millions)
8
6
4
2
0
1996 2001 2007
Year

6. Net loss or gain of people in each province
through inter-provincial migration over the five
years preceding October 2001
500000
400000
300000
Population
200000
100000
0
-100000
-200000
-300000 EC LP FS KZN MP NC NW WC GP
-400000
Province
Source: Statistics South Africa, Census 2001

7. Population by age group
(2001)

8. Age distribution by
population group
Black African
Coloured
White Indian/Asian

9. Urban and non-urban
distribution by province

10. Age dependency

11. %age of households
living in informal dwellings

12. %age of households
with mains electricity

13. %age of households
with access to piped water

14. %age of households
with municipal refuse removal

15. %age of households
using bucket or no toilets

16. Poverty profile
Poverty index: composite of:
– Female-headed households
Tshwane Metsweding – Social security
– Illiteracy
– Rate of unemployment
Joburg
– Household income
– Crowding
West – Dwelling type
Rand – Sanitation
Ekurhuleni – Water
– Electricity
– Refuse removal
– Malnutrition
Sedibeng

17. Education

18. Percentage school
attendance of 7-15 year olds

19. Highest level of
educational attainment (>20 yrs)

20. University growth points:
Publications
• University of Pretoria • University of Witwatersrand
– Biological Sciences – Chemical Sciences
– Mechanical and Industrial – Mathematical Science
Engineering – Mechanical and Industrial
– Information, Computing and Engineering
Communication Sciences – Resource Engineering
– Nursing Sciences – Architecture and Urban Environment
– Public Health and Health Services – Dentistry
– Medical Physiology – Medical Physiology
– Medical Microbiology – Economics and Business
– Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical
Sciences
• University of South Africa • Tshwane University of Technology
– Education – Publication data only at faculty level

21. Gauteng Provincial
Growth and
Development Strategy

22. Provincial innovation
systems in South Africa
“But what emerges from the work so far
suggests that regional or local innovation
systems exist, if at all, only in Gauteng and
Western Cape, and possibly in KZN, but
nowhere else.”
REGIONAL AND LOCAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS A study on
behalf of NACI
March 2007 (unpublished)
So: an innovation system exists in Gauteng,
but only just?

23. Gauteng PGDS,
Trade and Industry Strategy
• Emphasises the role of innovation:
– Realignment of manufacturing;
– Smart industries;
– Financial and business services
• Some objectives:
– Higher-value added production in manufacturing
– Expansion of high-tech industries and technological activities
• But:
– Some objectives rely on a functioning knowledge economy
– How should relationships between producers and users of knowledge
manifest themselves at the local level?
– How may the provincial government contribute to generating positive
dynamics?
– What are the systemic requirements for innovation?
– What is the innovation strategy?

24. Industry

25. Industrial
specialisations
(Provincial share >20% of national total)
• Gauteng • Western Cape
– Manufacturing – Agriculture, forestry and
• Metals, metal products, fishing
machinery, equipment – Food, beverages and
• Other non-metal mineral tobacco
products – Textiles, clothing and
• Electrical machinery and leather goods
apparatus – Finance and business
• Radio, TV, instruments, services
watches, clocks
• Furniture and other
manufacturing
– Construction • Eastern Cape
– Wholesale and retail trade, – Transport equipment
catering and
accommodation
– Finance and business
services

26. Farming operations
(2001)

27. Gross agricultural
income

28. Research &
Development (R&D)

31. Technology
Achievement Index (TAI)
The provincial TAIs ranking as follows:
• Top:
Gauteng, Western Cape, and KwaZulu-Natal
• Average:
Mpumalanga, Free State, and North West
• Bottom:
Eastern Cape, Northern Cape, and Limpopo
(DST 2005, 28)

32. Summary
These data seem to indicate that:
• Other provinces’ most productive (& innovative?) people
migrating to Gauteng (& Western Cape)
• Origin of poverty rural – urban poverty inherited
• Gauteng has 2nd lowest levels of poverty in RSA, but growing?
Is migration a threat or an opportunity?
• Many scientific growth areas in HEIs, but how relevant to future
needs of RSA (poverty and exports)?
• Innovation System exists in Gauteng, but only just?
• More work needed to turn (many?) provincial knowledge-
intensive competencies into innovation
• What is the innovation strategy?
• Gauteng dominates manufacturing, construction, retail trade,
financial and business services. How much R&D and
innovation in these sectors?
• 90% urban population, few farming units and limited land, yet
highly productive (& innovative?) agricultural sector

33. Thank
You
bday@scientia.co.za

34. Poverty indicators
(proportion: score out of 100)

35. Knowledge intensity
and innovation
Industrial activity R&D investments Patents: IOM Patents: SOU
Metals, metal Basic metals Basic metals Basic metals
products, machinery
and equipment
Electrical machinery Insulated wire and cable Insulated wire and
and appliances cable
Radio, TV, Medical appliances and Radio, TV, Radio, TV,
instruments, instruments and appliances instruments, instruments,
for measuring, checking, watches and
watches and clocks watches and clocks
testing, navigating and clocks
other purposes; Instruments
and appliances for measuring,
checking, testing, navigating and
other purposes, except industrial
process control equipment;
Optical instruments and
photographic equipment

36. %age of households
with access to piped water

37. %age of households
with access to piped water

38. HIV prevalence
(antenatal clinic attendees)

39. Educational attainment
20+ years (2001)

40. Percentage of households
using electricity for lighting

41. Percentage of households
using electricity for cooking