1) The document summarizes the use of remote sensing to detect changes in Dubai between 1987 and 2010, focusing on offshore development projects.
2) Methods used for change detection included image differencing, image rationing, and change vector analysis applied to Landsat imagery from the two time periods.
3) Results showed areas of new development for the Palm Jumeirah, Palm Jebel Ali, and The World islands using threshold imagery from differenced and rationed bands that isolated changed pixels.
This document summarizes a presentation on population viability analysis and ecological network planning in the Netherlands. The key points are:
1) The Netherlands developed a National Ecological Network in 1990 but has taken a cyclical planning approach, evaluating results and incorporating new challenges like climate change.
2) Lessons learned include using ecological conditions instead of species, emphasizing planning and design, and defining ecological guilds to set targets.
3) To address climate change, the strategy now emphasizes "green blue veining" around the ecological network to provide buffering as climate zones shift. This strengthens landscape connectivity for species dispersal.
The document summarizes seven categories of change detection techniques:
1. Algebra based approaches include image differencing, regression, ratioing, and change vector analysis. These methods are simple to implement but cannot provide complete change matrices.
2. Transformation techniques apply transformations like PCA and tasseled cap to images before change detection.
3. Classification based techniques perform post-classification comparison or combine classification with other algorithms.
4. Advanced models use techniques like spectral mixture analysis and biophysical parameters.
5. GIS and remote sensing are integrated in some methods.
6. Visual analysis relies on human interpretation of image differences.
7. Other techniques include measures of spatial dependence,
The document provides an overview of change detection techniques in remote sensing. It defines change detection as the process of identifying differences in objects or phenomena by observing them at different times using remote sensing images. The main goals of change detection are to detect land use and land cover changes over time and understand how the Earth's surface is changing. Several change detection techniques are described, including visual analysis, image differencing, image ratioing, and post-classification comparison. Practical examples of detecting changes in lakes and forests over time are also presented.
This summarizes a document about change detection techniques in remote sensing for analyzing land use and land cover changes. Remote sensing using aerial photographs and satellite imagery allows efficient monitoring of land cover changes compared to traditional field surveys. Change detection involves identifying transformations of land cover types over time and space using multi-temporal remote sensing data. Common techniques include comparing imagery from Landsat, QuickBird and other satellite sensors to detect changes in agriculture, deforestation, urban growth and other human and natural impacts on the earth's surface.
This document discusses using web-based GIS tools for change detection from satellite imagery before and after floods. It provides an introduction to GIS, describing it as a system for capturing, storing, analyzing and displaying spatially referenced data about the Earth. It also describes the key components of a GIS system, including spatial data input and storage in either vector or raster data models, as well as GIS software for transformation, analysis and output. Finally, it defines change detection as highlighting differences in imagery over time to update features based on new information.
Change detection analysis in land use / land cover of Pune city using remotel...Nitin Mundhe
Lecture delivered in the National Conference entitled “Monitoring Degraded Lands” jointly organized by Agasti Arts, Commerce and Dadasaheb Rupwate Science
College, Akole and Maharashtra Bhugolshastra Parishad Pune to be held on 4 to 6 February 2014.
Urban Landuse/ Landcover change analysis using Remote Sensing and GISHarshvardhan Vashistha
This document provides an overview of land cover and land use change detection. It discusses techniques for detecting changes through analyzing satellite images over time. Methods include visual interpretation, image rationing, classification, and indices. Factors to consider include the objective, type of change to detect, and type of changes of interest, like land use, forest, or urban changes. Applications include monitoring land use change, deforestation, fires, wetlands, urban growth, and environmental changes. Proper selection of methods and data depends on the scale and specifics of the changes being examined.
The document provides instructions for conducting a land use/land cover change detection analysis using GIS. It describes how to download municipal boundary and watershed shapefiles, add them to a map, and clip the watershed layer to the boundaries of New Brunswick. It then explains how to select areas of land use change between 2002 and 2007 using attribute fields, export the selected areas, and calculate acres of residential land use change.
This document summarizes a presentation on population viability analysis and ecological network planning in the Netherlands. The key points are:
1) The Netherlands developed a National Ecological Network in 1990 but has taken a cyclical planning approach, evaluating results and incorporating new challenges like climate change.
2) Lessons learned include using ecological conditions instead of species, emphasizing planning and design, and defining ecological guilds to set targets.
3) To address climate change, the strategy now emphasizes "green blue veining" around the ecological network to provide buffering as climate zones shift. This strengthens landscape connectivity for species dispersal.
The document summarizes seven categories of change detection techniques:
1. Algebra based approaches include image differencing, regression, ratioing, and change vector analysis. These methods are simple to implement but cannot provide complete change matrices.
2. Transformation techniques apply transformations like PCA and tasseled cap to images before change detection.
3. Classification based techniques perform post-classification comparison or combine classification with other algorithms.
4. Advanced models use techniques like spectral mixture analysis and biophysical parameters.
5. GIS and remote sensing are integrated in some methods.
6. Visual analysis relies on human interpretation of image differences.
7. Other techniques include measures of spatial dependence,
The document provides an overview of change detection techniques in remote sensing. It defines change detection as the process of identifying differences in objects or phenomena by observing them at different times using remote sensing images. The main goals of change detection are to detect land use and land cover changes over time and understand how the Earth's surface is changing. Several change detection techniques are described, including visual analysis, image differencing, image ratioing, and post-classification comparison. Practical examples of detecting changes in lakes and forests over time are also presented.
This summarizes a document about change detection techniques in remote sensing for analyzing land use and land cover changes. Remote sensing using aerial photographs and satellite imagery allows efficient monitoring of land cover changes compared to traditional field surveys. Change detection involves identifying transformations of land cover types over time and space using multi-temporal remote sensing data. Common techniques include comparing imagery from Landsat, QuickBird and other satellite sensors to detect changes in agriculture, deforestation, urban growth and other human and natural impacts on the earth's surface.
This document discusses using web-based GIS tools for change detection from satellite imagery before and after floods. It provides an introduction to GIS, describing it as a system for capturing, storing, analyzing and displaying spatially referenced data about the Earth. It also describes the key components of a GIS system, including spatial data input and storage in either vector or raster data models, as well as GIS software for transformation, analysis and output. Finally, it defines change detection as highlighting differences in imagery over time to update features based on new information.
Change detection analysis in land use / land cover of Pune city using remotel...Nitin Mundhe
Lecture delivered in the National Conference entitled “Monitoring Degraded Lands” jointly organized by Agasti Arts, Commerce and Dadasaheb Rupwate Science
College, Akole and Maharashtra Bhugolshastra Parishad Pune to be held on 4 to 6 February 2014.
Urban Landuse/ Landcover change analysis using Remote Sensing and GISHarshvardhan Vashistha
This document provides an overview of land cover and land use change detection. It discusses techniques for detecting changes through analyzing satellite images over time. Methods include visual interpretation, image rationing, classification, and indices. Factors to consider include the objective, type of change to detect, and type of changes of interest, like land use, forest, or urban changes. Applications include monitoring land use change, deforestation, fires, wetlands, urban growth, and environmental changes. Proper selection of methods and data depends on the scale and specifics of the changes being examined.
The document provides instructions for conducting a land use/land cover change detection analysis using GIS. It describes how to download municipal boundary and watershed shapefiles, add them to a map, and clip the watershed layer to the boundaries of New Brunswick. It then explains how to select areas of land use change between 2002 and 2007 using attribute fields, export the selected areas, and calculate acres of residential land use change.
Negobot: A conversational agent based on game theory for the detection of pae...Carlos Laorden
Presentation at CISIS 2012 International conference of the paper: Negobot: A conversational agent based on game
theory for the detection of paedophile behaviour
This document discusses using remote sensing to monitor seagrass ecosystems. Seagrass provides important coastal ecosystem functions but faces threats from natural disasters and human activities. Remote sensing allows monitoring of large areas in a cost-effective manner, though resolution and water conditions can pose difficulties. The document analyzes Landsat satellite imagery from 1988-2003 to detect changes in seagrass cover in Wallis Lake and Chwaka Bay in Australia, finding both losses and gains. While remote sensing shows potential for seagrass monitoring, challenges remain in species discrimination, sensor resolution, and accounting for water quality.
The document discusses game theory analysis of the 2000 UK 3G mobile phone license auction. It provides background on game theory concepts like dominant strategies and Nash equilibrium. It then summarizes the key aspects of the 3G spectrum auction, including that it involved 13 bidders including existing mobile operators, bids were submitted secretly by fax, and it lasted over 150 rounds. It notes that game theorist Kenneth Binmore helped design the auction which netted the UK government £22 billion. Matrices are presented to model bidding strategies between two bidders.
Semi-Automatic Classification Algorithm: The differences between Minimum Dist...Fatwa Ramdani
This remote sensing e-course will focus on comparing the Minimum Distance, Maximum Likelihood, and Spectral Angle Mapper algorithms for semi-automatic classification of Landsat 8 OLI imagery in QGIS. The course will explain the concepts, demonstrate the algorithms in QGIS, and have students complete exercises to classify land cover and assess accuracy. Minimum Distance classifies pixels based on distance to class means, Maximum Likelihood uses probability, and Spectral Angle Mapper compares spectral angles insensitive to illumination.
The document describes a term project applying GIS techniques to study glacial retreat in the Buni Zum area of Chitral, Pakistan. A group of 5 students will use Landsat imagery from 2006 and 2013 to identify changes in snow cover, vegetation cover, and water in the study area over this period. They will use various image processing techniques like thresholding, classification, band ratios, and indices to analyze changes. Preliminary results found around a 6% decrease in glacier area, indicating rapid glacial depletion. The results were overlaid on a DEM contour map to analyze melting patterns across elevation ranges.
Application of GIS and Remote Sensing in the analysis of Landuse/Landcover ch...ADITYA SHRESHTKAR
This document summarizes a study that analyzed land use and land cover changes on Jharkhali Island in the Sundarbans region of West Bengal, India between 1990 and 2010 using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The objectives were to classify land cover, determine changes in vegetation cover, and evaluate the socioeconomic implications. Supervised classification and change detection methods revealed accretion of new land, a shift to more anthropogenic land uses, and ongoing pressure on the local ecology from population growth. Similar changes were found to be occurring elsewhere in the Sundarbans region.
The document discusses several applications of game theory including the dominant firm game, Nash equilibrium, prisoner's dilemma, and a terrorism scenario. It analyzes strategic situations involving two or more players where the success of each player depends on the choices of others. Key concepts explained are dominant strategies, Nash equilibria, and how game theory can model real-world competitive interactions and predict outcomes even when players cannot communicate.
This remote sensing e-course focuses on principal component analysis (PCA) and classification techniques using remotely sensed SPOT 6 and Landsat 8 data. The course will illustrate how to analyze and classify the satellite imagery for land use mapping using open source GRASS software. Students will learn about PCA, how it is calculated in GRASS, and its benefits for classification. Exercises will have students run PCA on SPOT6 data to determine optimal band ratios for classification and produce a land use map.
The document discusses Angular 2.0 change detection. It describes how Angular 2.0 change detection is more efficient and predictable compared to Angular 1.x by using a component-based approach rather than a graph. Each component has its own change detector that is generated at compile time. Change detection occurs top-down via the change detection tree. The document also discusses strategies like OnPush, immutable objects, observables, and manually controlling change detection.
1) The document discusses how Apple, Google, and Microsoft have used competitive strategies against each other in different technology areas like internet search, mobile advertising, software, smartphones, and music players.
2) It analyzes their relationships and competitive interactions over time in these areas using principles of game theory, such as strategic foresight, understanding their own and others' strengths, and differentiating between one-time and repeated interactions.
3) However, it notes that real-world behavior is more complex than game theory assumptions due to factors like personal relationships, distrust between companies, and changing business strategies.
Urban Land Cover Change Detection Analysis and Modelling Spatio-Temporal Grow...Bayes Ahmed
This is my final Mater thesis presentation. The thesis defense was held on March' 07, 2011 at 15:30 in the seminar room of Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Castellón, Spain.
This document outlines the timeline of land change analysis techniques, from early remote sensing methods to current agent-based models (ABM). It discusses how remote sensing allowed measurement of landscape changes over time, which led to landscape ecology studies of spatial patterns and regression analyses of statistical relationships. Pattern-oriented models like CLUE and DINAMICA were then developed to represent decision-making based on biophysical and socioeconomic factors. More recently, ABMs incorporating ideas from computer science like cellular automata and network theory have been used to model interactions between autonomous agents and their environment in a way that captures complexity and emergence. Examples provided are LUCITA and SYPRIA models of land use and land cover change.
This document presents a new method for detecting land cover changes using RADARSAT-2 polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) images. The method integrates change vector analysis, post-classification comparison, and object-oriented image analysis. It was tested on PolSAR images of an area in China that experiences illegal land development. The proposed method achieved higher accuracy than other techniques in determining various types of land cover changes, such as barren land converting to crops or built-up areas. The use of change vector analysis, post-classification comparison, and object-oriented analysis helped reduce false alarms from classification errors and environmental changes.
This document discusses land reforms, including guidelines for sustainable land reforms. It defines land grabbing and the problems it causes for smallholders, the landless, and indigenous people. It also examines the need for land reform and provides two approaches to land rights. The document then gives guidelines for sustainable land reform and provides quick facts and insights into land reforms that have occurred in India and Latvia, noting problems in both countries. It concludes by prioritizing the poor and emphasizing participation, awareness, regulation, and legislation in land reform frameworks.
The document discusses different approaches to water utility management, including public and private models. It outlines some of the debates around privatizing water utilities, noting perspectives from various international organizations. Concerns are raised about privatization potentially reducing access or affordability for poor communities. Alternative approaches focused on decentralized governance and human rights are presented as alternatives to privatization.
1. The Tirupur Water Supply and Sanitation Project in India involved a public-private partnership (PPP) between the New Tirupur Area Development Corporation Limited (NTADCL) and private companies to address water infrastructure needs. Under a build-own-operate-transfer (BOOT) contract, NTADCL constructed pipelines and a distribution network to supply water to industries and residents.
2. However, the PPP faced criticism for failing to adequately regulate prices, ensure sufficient water quality and supply to villages, and account for excess water allocation to industries rather than domestic use. Tighter controls by regulatory agencies were difficult under the PPP arrangement.
3. Case studies from France and the United
This document summarizes research on discovering spatial co-location patterns from geospatial data. It discusses how spatial data mining differs from classical data mining by considering attribute relationships between neighboring spatial objects. The paper focuses on extracting frequent co-occurrence rules between boolean spatial features from ecological datasets. It presents three approaches for modeling co-location rules problems - reference feature centric, window centric, and event centric. The Co-location Miner algorithm is introduced for mining co-location rules that satisfy minimum prevalence and conditional probability thresholds from the data.
The document describes an Android application that allows users to get the average position of a set of points. It uses OpenStreetMaps to display maps, collects location data from users, sends this data to a PostgreSQL database, calculates the average position from the records, and displays this on the map. The code connects the Android application to a dynamic web server and database to handle the processing and data storage.
The document summarizes key development challenges in Africa. It notes that Africa has 54 countries, over 1 billion people, and over 1500 languages. However, Africa also has the highest debt profiles, lowest human development rankings, and 25 million people living with HIV. Despite having large reserves of natural resources like oil and diamonds, many African countries have struggling economies, high inflation, and negative GDP growth. Corruption is also widespread, and development goals around health, poverty and education remain unfulfilled. Overall, the document outlines the significant economic and social hurdles facing development across much of the African continent.
The document discusses the integration of inertial navigation systems (INS) and global positioning systems (GPS) to improve navigation accuracy, especially in urban areas. It outlines the history and different architectures for INS-GPS integration, and describes a research study that implemented tight coupling using a Kalman filter to post-process data from a low-cost INS and differential GPS during field tests in Nottingham, finding substantial accuracy improvements from the smoothing algorithm. The conclusions determined that integrated GPS and low-cost INS systems can meet performance needs for applications like surveying where satellite availability is restricted.
Negobot: A conversational agent based on game theory for the detection of pae...Carlos Laorden
Presentation at CISIS 2012 International conference of the paper: Negobot: A conversational agent based on game
theory for the detection of paedophile behaviour
This document discusses using remote sensing to monitor seagrass ecosystems. Seagrass provides important coastal ecosystem functions but faces threats from natural disasters and human activities. Remote sensing allows monitoring of large areas in a cost-effective manner, though resolution and water conditions can pose difficulties. The document analyzes Landsat satellite imagery from 1988-2003 to detect changes in seagrass cover in Wallis Lake and Chwaka Bay in Australia, finding both losses and gains. While remote sensing shows potential for seagrass monitoring, challenges remain in species discrimination, sensor resolution, and accounting for water quality.
The document discusses game theory analysis of the 2000 UK 3G mobile phone license auction. It provides background on game theory concepts like dominant strategies and Nash equilibrium. It then summarizes the key aspects of the 3G spectrum auction, including that it involved 13 bidders including existing mobile operators, bids were submitted secretly by fax, and it lasted over 150 rounds. It notes that game theorist Kenneth Binmore helped design the auction which netted the UK government £22 billion. Matrices are presented to model bidding strategies between two bidders.
Semi-Automatic Classification Algorithm: The differences between Minimum Dist...Fatwa Ramdani
This remote sensing e-course will focus on comparing the Minimum Distance, Maximum Likelihood, and Spectral Angle Mapper algorithms for semi-automatic classification of Landsat 8 OLI imagery in QGIS. The course will explain the concepts, demonstrate the algorithms in QGIS, and have students complete exercises to classify land cover and assess accuracy. Minimum Distance classifies pixels based on distance to class means, Maximum Likelihood uses probability, and Spectral Angle Mapper compares spectral angles insensitive to illumination.
The document describes a term project applying GIS techniques to study glacial retreat in the Buni Zum area of Chitral, Pakistan. A group of 5 students will use Landsat imagery from 2006 and 2013 to identify changes in snow cover, vegetation cover, and water in the study area over this period. They will use various image processing techniques like thresholding, classification, band ratios, and indices to analyze changes. Preliminary results found around a 6% decrease in glacier area, indicating rapid glacial depletion. The results were overlaid on a DEM contour map to analyze melting patterns across elevation ranges.
Application of GIS and Remote Sensing in the analysis of Landuse/Landcover ch...ADITYA SHRESHTKAR
This document summarizes a study that analyzed land use and land cover changes on Jharkhali Island in the Sundarbans region of West Bengal, India between 1990 and 2010 using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The objectives were to classify land cover, determine changes in vegetation cover, and evaluate the socioeconomic implications. Supervised classification and change detection methods revealed accretion of new land, a shift to more anthropogenic land uses, and ongoing pressure on the local ecology from population growth. Similar changes were found to be occurring elsewhere in the Sundarbans region.
The document discusses several applications of game theory including the dominant firm game, Nash equilibrium, prisoner's dilemma, and a terrorism scenario. It analyzes strategic situations involving two or more players where the success of each player depends on the choices of others. Key concepts explained are dominant strategies, Nash equilibria, and how game theory can model real-world competitive interactions and predict outcomes even when players cannot communicate.
This remote sensing e-course focuses on principal component analysis (PCA) and classification techniques using remotely sensed SPOT 6 and Landsat 8 data. The course will illustrate how to analyze and classify the satellite imagery for land use mapping using open source GRASS software. Students will learn about PCA, how it is calculated in GRASS, and its benefits for classification. Exercises will have students run PCA on SPOT6 data to determine optimal band ratios for classification and produce a land use map.
The document discusses Angular 2.0 change detection. It describes how Angular 2.0 change detection is more efficient and predictable compared to Angular 1.x by using a component-based approach rather than a graph. Each component has its own change detector that is generated at compile time. Change detection occurs top-down via the change detection tree. The document also discusses strategies like OnPush, immutable objects, observables, and manually controlling change detection.
1) The document discusses how Apple, Google, and Microsoft have used competitive strategies against each other in different technology areas like internet search, mobile advertising, software, smartphones, and music players.
2) It analyzes their relationships and competitive interactions over time in these areas using principles of game theory, such as strategic foresight, understanding their own and others' strengths, and differentiating between one-time and repeated interactions.
3) However, it notes that real-world behavior is more complex than game theory assumptions due to factors like personal relationships, distrust between companies, and changing business strategies.
Urban Land Cover Change Detection Analysis and Modelling Spatio-Temporal Grow...Bayes Ahmed
This is my final Mater thesis presentation. The thesis defense was held on March' 07, 2011 at 15:30 in the seminar room of Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Castellón, Spain.
This document outlines the timeline of land change analysis techniques, from early remote sensing methods to current agent-based models (ABM). It discusses how remote sensing allowed measurement of landscape changes over time, which led to landscape ecology studies of spatial patterns and regression analyses of statistical relationships. Pattern-oriented models like CLUE and DINAMICA were then developed to represent decision-making based on biophysical and socioeconomic factors. More recently, ABMs incorporating ideas from computer science like cellular automata and network theory have been used to model interactions between autonomous agents and their environment in a way that captures complexity and emergence. Examples provided are LUCITA and SYPRIA models of land use and land cover change.
This document presents a new method for detecting land cover changes using RADARSAT-2 polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) images. The method integrates change vector analysis, post-classification comparison, and object-oriented image analysis. It was tested on PolSAR images of an area in China that experiences illegal land development. The proposed method achieved higher accuracy than other techniques in determining various types of land cover changes, such as barren land converting to crops or built-up areas. The use of change vector analysis, post-classification comparison, and object-oriented analysis helped reduce false alarms from classification errors and environmental changes.
This document discusses land reforms, including guidelines for sustainable land reforms. It defines land grabbing and the problems it causes for smallholders, the landless, and indigenous people. It also examines the need for land reform and provides two approaches to land rights. The document then gives guidelines for sustainable land reform and provides quick facts and insights into land reforms that have occurred in India and Latvia, noting problems in both countries. It concludes by prioritizing the poor and emphasizing participation, awareness, regulation, and legislation in land reform frameworks.
The document discusses different approaches to water utility management, including public and private models. It outlines some of the debates around privatizing water utilities, noting perspectives from various international organizations. Concerns are raised about privatization potentially reducing access or affordability for poor communities. Alternative approaches focused on decentralized governance and human rights are presented as alternatives to privatization.
1. The Tirupur Water Supply and Sanitation Project in India involved a public-private partnership (PPP) between the New Tirupur Area Development Corporation Limited (NTADCL) and private companies to address water infrastructure needs. Under a build-own-operate-transfer (BOOT) contract, NTADCL constructed pipelines and a distribution network to supply water to industries and residents.
2. However, the PPP faced criticism for failing to adequately regulate prices, ensure sufficient water quality and supply to villages, and account for excess water allocation to industries rather than domestic use. Tighter controls by regulatory agencies were difficult under the PPP arrangement.
3. Case studies from France and the United
This document summarizes research on discovering spatial co-location patterns from geospatial data. It discusses how spatial data mining differs from classical data mining by considering attribute relationships between neighboring spatial objects. The paper focuses on extracting frequent co-occurrence rules between boolean spatial features from ecological datasets. It presents three approaches for modeling co-location rules problems - reference feature centric, window centric, and event centric. The Co-location Miner algorithm is introduced for mining co-location rules that satisfy minimum prevalence and conditional probability thresholds from the data.
The document describes an Android application that allows users to get the average position of a set of points. It uses OpenStreetMaps to display maps, collects location data from users, sends this data to a PostgreSQL database, calculates the average position from the records, and displays this on the map. The code connects the Android application to a dynamic web server and database to handle the processing and data storage.
The document summarizes key development challenges in Africa. It notes that Africa has 54 countries, over 1 billion people, and over 1500 languages. However, Africa also has the highest debt profiles, lowest human development rankings, and 25 million people living with HIV. Despite having large reserves of natural resources like oil and diamonds, many African countries have struggling economies, high inflation, and negative GDP growth. Corruption is also widespread, and development goals around health, poverty and education remain unfulfilled. Overall, the document outlines the significant economic and social hurdles facing development across much of the African continent.
The document discusses the integration of inertial navigation systems (INS) and global positioning systems (GPS) to improve navigation accuracy, especially in urban areas. It outlines the history and different architectures for INS-GPS integration, and describes a research study that implemented tight coupling using a Kalman filter to post-process data from a low-cost INS and differential GPS during field tests in Nottingham, finding substantial accuracy improvements from the smoothing algorithm. The conclusions determined that integrated GPS and low-cost INS systems can meet performance needs for applications like surveying where satellite availability is restricted.
1. AG2416 Advanced Remote Sensing
Session 1, Spring 2013
Change Detection on Dubai
1987 - 2010
http://www.ssqq.com/archive/images/dubai20%20tower.jpg
http://blog.friendlyplanet.com/media/Camels-at-Jebel-Ali-beach-Dubai-iStock-
5011247.jpg
Adrian C Prelipcean
Ipsit Dash
2. Flow of Presentation
• Why Dubai?
• What Changed from 1987 – 2010?
• Which Data?
• What Methods?
• What Results?
2
3. Financially Strong
Dubai
backed by Oil 2006
Resources Landsat
7 ETM+;
28.5 m
Lies in Arabian Desert Area-
Sandy and Gravel Desert, Well
known for frequent Dunes
running N-S due to Salt Crusted 1990
Landsat 4
Coastal Plains TM;
28.5 m
Mega Project City-
(Offshore)
~ Palm Islands
1973
~ The World Landsat
(Inland) 1 MSS;
57 m
~Business Bay
~ Burj Khalifha http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.ph
p?id=7153
~ Dubai Waterfront
3
4. Changes
• Huge Real Estate Changes involving Mega
Projects
• Transport Network and Urbanization changed.
• Creation of offshore projects like Palm
Jumeriah, The World
• Our Work bases on change detection in
Offshore Projects from 1987 - 2010
4
5. The PALM JEBEL ALI The PALM JUMERIAH The WORLD The PALM DEIRA
Dubai 2012
5
http://citizenfable.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/dubai_masterplan.jpg
6. Change Detection – Remote Sensing
• The change must be detectable in the Imagery
• Describing Change
Abrupt vs Subtle Real vs Detected Natural vs Artificial
Interesting vs Uninteresting
Uninteresting Changes
• Phenological Changes
– Seasonal Variations
• Sun angle effects
– Radiometric calibration
– Same period while acquiring images
• Atmospheric effects
– Radiometric calibration
• Geometric
– Ensure highly accurate registration
6
8. Data and its characteristics
Landsat Imagery TM 4-5
Procesing Softwares
8
9. Feature Gray- False Color, or
Best
scale NIR
Band
(black and
white)
Selecting the Bands
Clear Water Black Black
4
tone
Band TM
Silty Water 2, 4 Dark in 4 Bluish
Nonforested Dark gray Blocky pinks, 1 .45-.52 µm blue
Coastal Wetlands tone reds, blues, 2 .52-.6 µm green
between blacks
3 .63-.69 µm red
4 black
water and 4 .76-.9 µm NIR
light gray 5 1.55-1.75 µm SWIR
land 6 10.4-12.5 µm TIR
Sand and Beaches Bright in White, bluish, 7 2.08-2.35 µm SWIR
2, 3
all bands light buff
Urban Areas: Usually Mottled bluish-
light gray with
Band 2: Green light penetrates clear water fairly well, and gives excellent
tones in whitish and
3, 4 contrast between clear and turbid (muddy) water. It helps find oil on the
3, reddish specks
surface of water, and vegetation (plant life) reflects more green light than
any other visible color. Manmade features are still visible.
Commercial dark in 4
Band 3: Red light has limited water penetration. It reflects well from dead
Urban Areas: Mottled Pinkish to
foliage, but not well from live foliage with chlorophyll. It is useful for
gray, reddish
3, 4 street identifying vegetation types, soils, and urban features.
Residential patterns Band 4: Near IR is good for mapping shorelines and biomass content. It is
visible very good at detecting and analyzing vegetation.
Transportation Linear Band 7: Another short wavelength infrared has limited cloud penetration
patterns; and provides good contrast between different types of vegetation. It is also
dirt and useful to measure the moisture content of soil and vegetation
concrete
3, 4
roads
light in 3,
asphalt
dark in 4. Source: http://zulu.ssc.nasa.gov/mrsid/tutorial/Landsat%20Tutorial-V1.html 9
10. Image normalization
• The relative correction aims to reduce
variation among multiple images by adjusting
the target image (the bands from 1987) to
match the base image (the bands from 2010)
i.e. to normalize the target image with respect
to the base image.
• We used the pseudo invariant feature (PIFs) in
PCI Geomatica for this.
10
11. Image normalization
X Y Slope Intercept R
Band 1 -1987 Band 1 -2010 0.53 12.51 0.97
Band 2 -1987 Band 2 -2010 0.54 5.16 0.97
Band 3 -1987 Band 3 -2010 0.57 2.53 0.97
Band 4 -1987 Band 4 -2010 0.64 0.22 0.97
Band 5 -1987 Band 5 -2010 0.57 -0.01 0.96
Band 6 -1987 Band 6 -2010 0.42 66.15 0.98
Band 7 -1987 Band 7 -2010 0.55 0.23 0.96
11
12. Image differencing
• Pros:
– Simple
– Straightforward
– Easy to interpret
• Cons:
– Cannot provide a detailed change matrix
– The difficulty in selecting suitable thresholds to
identify the changed areas
– Requires atmospheric calibration so that the “no-
change” value is equal to 0
– Have to worry about selecting suitable image bands
12
15. Image rationing
• Pros:
– Simple
– Reduces impacts of the sun angle, shadow and topography
• Cons:
– Cannot provide a detailed change matrix
– Scales change according to a single date, so same change
on the ground may have different score depending on
direction of change
– Non-normal distribution of the result is often criticized
– The difficulty in selecting suitable thresholds to identify
the changed areas
– Have to worry about selecting suitable image bands
15
25. References
• Introductory Digital Image Processing: A Remote Sensing Perspective –
John R. Jensen (Third Edition 2005)
• Change detection techniques - D. Lu, P. Mausel, E. Brondi’Zio and E. Moran
• Geographic Resources Decision Support System for land use, land cover
dynamics analysis - T. V. Ramachandra, Uttam Kumar
• http://zulu.ssc.nasa.gov/mrsid/tutorial/Landsat%20Tutorial-V1.html
25