This presentation contains Complete cold chain system, Importance and requirement of cold chain, detail of each equipment of cold chain system.
This presentation contain brief detail of THE SHAKE TEST, Reverse cold chain.
This is fully equipped with knowledge of Field facts of cold chain system.
The Nigeria Alternative Energy Expo is the largest event focusing on strategic developments in Renewable Energy in Nigeria.
Investments in renewable energy have grown considerably with major emerging economies taking the lead. For 2010, new investment in renewable energy is estimated to have reached a record high of US$ 211 billion, up from US$ 160 billion in 2009. Get your share now.
Renewable energy can make a major contribution to the twin challenges of responding to a
growing global demand for energy services, while reducing the negative impacts associated with current production and use.
This presentation contains Complete cold chain system, Importance and requirement of cold chain, detail of each equipment of cold chain system.
This presentation contain brief detail of THE SHAKE TEST, Reverse cold chain.
This is fully equipped with knowledge of Field facts of cold chain system.
The Nigeria Alternative Energy Expo is the largest event focusing on strategic developments in Renewable Energy in Nigeria.
Investments in renewable energy have grown considerably with major emerging economies taking the lead. For 2010, new investment in renewable energy is estimated to have reached a record high of US$ 211 billion, up from US$ 160 billion in 2009. Get your share now.
Renewable energy can make a major contribution to the twin challenges of responding to a
growing global demand for energy services, while reducing the negative impacts associated with current production and use.
THE RENEWABLE ENERGY PROGRAMME
PRESENTED BY
ENGR.(MRS) BAHIJJAHTU ABUBAKAR
NATIONAL COORDINATOR
RENEWABLE ENERGY PROGRAMME (REP),
FEDERAL MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT
OF NIGERIA
This report outlines the objective and results of the
Nigeria Alternative Energy Expo 2012 trade
mission as a portion of the integrated African
Green Economy Export Development Roadshow
lead by the Southern Africa Alternative Energy
Association and funded by the Department of
Trade and Industry. Market Research Partners
Centre for Export Development investigated and
identified challenges and opportunities in key
markets in Africa.
Dr Marcus Rother, Head of Sales Africa
Trina Solar
Highest quality components and systems, backed by warranty of one of the world’s strongest PV firms
Design team with over twenty experience
Hands-on training sessions / workshops for solar PV systems and components
Local Trina office in Nigeria and worldwide network of distributors
Presently, there is rapid growth in Technology advancement. Developed countries are searching for new alternative energy sources to minimize the pressure on natural sources like gas, uranium, oil, coal, etc. However, natural sources of energy are inadequate and expensive, which also contributed heavily to greenhouse gas emissions. Developing countries like Nigeria are also trying to exploit different renewable energy sources like solar energy, hydropower, wind energy, bioenergy, etc. to accomplish their increasing demand and also to eradicate the energy crisis Nigeria has been experiencing due to insufficient electricity generation. This paper analyses the importance of renewable sources, the challenges and the benefits. This paper also analyses how renewable energy can be accepted as a perfect solution for economic development.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
As A Result Of The Successful Third Edition Of One Of Africa’s Biggest Energy Forum; Nigeria Alternative Energy Exhibition (NAEE 2013) The Access-To-Power Rural Electrification Implementation Road Map Has Been Launched by the Nigerian Ministry of Power
3. Increasing Financing and Investments for Clean and Renewable Energy Access...ENVIRONMENTALALERTEA1
This position paper is an output from several CSOs engagements coordinated by Environmental Alert with financial support from Norad within the framework of ‘Increasing access to sustainable and renewable energy alternatives in the AlbertineGraben’ that is implemented by WWF-Uganda Country Office
Promoting Massive Renewable Energy (RE) Projects
towards achieving Sustainable Development in Nigeria
Taiwo Benjamin
Carleton University, Canada
Presented at #naee2015
Nigerian Economy and the Impact of Alternative Energy.IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Nigeria is endowed with natural resources which are aim at developing the country.The need for alternative energy resources to drive the nation economy cannot be over-emphasized. The incessant power failure has grossly affected the economy, seriously slowing down development in rural and sub-rural settlement. A robust solution must be found to end the crises. Alternative energy source has the potential of solving power problem in Nigeria as well as providing safer and cleaner environment than the fossil fuel. This paper also examines the socio–economic benefits of the alternative energy (solar, wind, biomass, hydro and geothermal) to the nation economy and the utilization of the resources to meet human needs and the generation yet unborn and to provide sustainable development, thereby improve the standard of living and mitigating climate change.
RENEWABLE ENERGY TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE POWER SUPPLY IN THE NIGERIAN POWER IND...IAEME Publication
The challenge of climate change results primarily from the global use of fossil
fuel. Renewable energy as alternative energy source allows the use of natural sources
such as micro-hydro, wind; solar, and biomass that are sustainable to be explored.
The increase in the dependence on renewable energy calls for attention which can be
solved by the use of energy management. Energy management will provide a
consistent and controllable power supply. There is the need for the integration of
energy management into the grid planning and design. In this work, Energy
management using energy storage is thus considered as one design method for the
system to maximize simplicity and increase reliability using HOMER, a conventional
simulation tool.
THE RENEWABLE ENERGY PROGRAMME
PRESENTED BY
ENGR.(MRS) BAHIJJAHTU ABUBAKAR
NATIONAL COORDINATOR
RENEWABLE ENERGY PROGRAMME (REP),
FEDERAL MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT
OF NIGERIA
This report outlines the objective and results of the
Nigeria Alternative Energy Expo 2012 trade
mission as a portion of the integrated African
Green Economy Export Development Roadshow
lead by the Southern Africa Alternative Energy
Association and funded by the Department of
Trade and Industry. Market Research Partners
Centre for Export Development investigated and
identified challenges and opportunities in key
markets in Africa.
Dr Marcus Rother, Head of Sales Africa
Trina Solar
Highest quality components and systems, backed by warranty of one of the world’s strongest PV firms
Design team with over twenty experience
Hands-on training sessions / workshops for solar PV systems and components
Local Trina office in Nigeria and worldwide network of distributors
Presently, there is rapid growth in Technology advancement. Developed countries are searching for new alternative energy sources to minimize the pressure on natural sources like gas, uranium, oil, coal, etc. However, natural sources of energy are inadequate and expensive, which also contributed heavily to greenhouse gas emissions. Developing countries like Nigeria are also trying to exploit different renewable energy sources like solar energy, hydropower, wind energy, bioenergy, etc. to accomplish their increasing demand and also to eradicate the energy crisis Nigeria has been experiencing due to insufficient electricity generation. This paper analyses the importance of renewable sources, the challenges and the benefits. This paper also analyses how renewable energy can be accepted as a perfect solution for economic development.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
As A Result Of The Successful Third Edition Of One Of Africa’s Biggest Energy Forum; Nigeria Alternative Energy Exhibition (NAEE 2013) The Access-To-Power Rural Electrification Implementation Road Map Has Been Launched by the Nigerian Ministry of Power
3. Increasing Financing and Investments for Clean and Renewable Energy Access...ENVIRONMENTALALERTEA1
This position paper is an output from several CSOs engagements coordinated by Environmental Alert with financial support from Norad within the framework of ‘Increasing access to sustainable and renewable energy alternatives in the AlbertineGraben’ that is implemented by WWF-Uganda Country Office
Promoting Massive Renewable Energy (RE) Projects
towards achieving Sustainable Development in Nigeria
Taiwo Benjamin
Carleton University, Canada
Presented at #naee2015
Nigerian Economy and the Impact of Alternative Energy.IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Nigeria is endowed with natural resources which are aim at developing the country.The need for alternative energy resources to drive the nation economy cannot be over-emphasized. The incessant power failure has grossly affected the economy, seriously slowing down development in rural and sub-rural settlement. A robust solution must be found to end the crises. Alternative energy source has the potential of solving power problem in Nigeria as well as providing safer and cleaner environment than the fossil fuel. This paper also examines the socio–economic benefits of the alternative energy (solar, wind, biomass, hydro and geothermal) to the nation economy and the utilization of the resources to meet human needs and the generation yet unborn and to provide sustainable development, thereby improve the standard of living and mitigating climate change.
RENEWABLE ENERGY TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE POWER SUPPLY IN THE NIGERIAN POWER IND...IAEME Publication
The challenge of climate change results primarily from the global use of fossil
fuel. Renewable energy as alternative energy source allows the use of natural sources
such as micro-hydro, wind; solar, and biomass that are sustainable to be explored.
The increase in the dependence on renewable energy calls for attention which can be
solved by the use of energy management. Energy management will provide a
consistent and controllable power supply. There is the need for the integration of
energy management into the grid planning and design. In this work, Energy
management using energy storage is thus considered as one design method for the
system to maximize simplicity and increase reliability using HOMER, a conventional
simulation tool.
Modelling and analysis of a PV/wind/diesel hybrid standalone microgrid for ru...journalBEEI
The scarce electricity supply in Nigeria is a key factor to the low industrial development in a country well-known for having the least electrification in Africa per capita. Presently, Nigeria employs four different kinds of energy such as coal, natural gas, hydro, and oil. Three of the four resources mentioned above used for the production of energy in Nigeria is connected with increasing emissions of greenhouse gas: natural gas, oil, and coal, with coal releasing the worst. This paper presents a model and analysis of PV/Wind/Diesel hybrid system for rural electrification in Kaduna state, northern Nigeria. HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable) software tool was used for optimization and modeling of this work. Simulation results show that the PV/Wind/Diesel system with Battery storage is the most cost-effective system since it recorded considerable cost of energy and reduces CO2 emissions significantly.
Sustainable Energy Principles And Practice December 2018Martin Scherfler
Sustainable Energy Principles & Practice is an initiative using Auroville and its outstanding experience in human unity & sustainable living as a platform for the learning and personal growth of students from around the world.
A learning-in-action program, it connects core human values with system thinking and hands-on work experience by introducing participants to local and global energy issues, policies and by exploring possible interventions that contributed to addressing global climate change and local issues of energy poverty and livelihood. The program is based on the 3H approach that nurtures hands (skills), head (competencies) and heart (inner capacities) of all participants. 13 students participated in this 10-day program held in December 2018 at Auroville International Township in Tamil Nadu, India.
Identification of Reserved Energy Resource Potentials for Nigeria Power Gener...IJERA Editor
Electrical power is the most widely used form of power in the industrialized countries. In Nigeria the epileptic pattern of electricity supply has affected every aspect of our economy and therefore required a strong political will and commitment on the part of Government to tackle. The solution to this problem lies in identifying and harnessing the abundant reserve energy resources available in various locations all over the country. This paper thus dwelt on identifying various sources of reserve energy potentials that abound in Nigeria which when harnessed and deployed appropriately will be sufficient to provide for both immediate and future electric power need of the country. The approach deployed in the study include the review of available statistical data of Nigeria reserve energy resources; identify the scale of its availability, location and the realizable amount of electric power from such reserve. The results show that the proven and estimated reserved energy resources of coal, natural gas and new hydro potentials could contribute a total of 96,079.40MW to the grid system, and when added to the existing installed electric power generation capacity of 12,066MW will give a total of 108,145.40MW.
NAEE is Nigeria's Leading renewable energy event, Register today to be part of the great revolution 18 - 20 October 2017 in Abuja . visit nigeriaalternativeenergyexpo.org
Why access to modern Energy is a necessary condition for Human Development?
MATIKE NGONG ROLLIN
Chairman of Global actions for local development Organizations,
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT –
CLIMATE CHANGES AND NEW
TECHNOLOGIES
THE DUTY TO NURSE OUR PLANET IN
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT –
CLIMATE CHANGES AND NEW
TECHNOLOGIES
THE DUTY TO NURSE OUR PLANET IN
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT –
CLIMATE CHANGES AND NEW
TECHNOLOGIES
THE DUTY TO NURSE OUR PLANET IN
Georges ILUNGA KAPONSOLA
ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS AND BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM NEEM TREE LEAVES (AZADIRACHTA INDICA)
Yusuf Muhammad2, Hadi Bashar Abdullahi1*
Presented at #NAEE2015
KEYNOTE ADDRESS BY THE PRESIDENT AND COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF THE ARMED FORCES, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA, PRESIDENT MUHAMMADU BUHARI, GCFR, REPRESENTED BY PERMANENT SECRETARY, FEDERAL MINISTRY OF POWER, AMB GODKNOWS IGALI, OON, FNAH, AT THE OPENING CEREMONY OF THE 5TH NIGERIA ALTERNATIVE ENERGY EXPO (NAEE 2015) 14TH - 16TH OCTOBER, 2015 AT SHEHU MUSA YAR'ADUA CENTRE, ABUJA
NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY
EFFICIENCY POLICY (NREEEP)
FOR THE ELECTRICITY SECTOR
Energy supply in Nigeria can be classified into two main categories, (a) urban and (b) rural.
Urban areas are essentially on the grid while rural areas are largely off the grid. Improved
energy supply to urban residents is being addressed mainly by the Roadmap for Power
Sector Reforms, which was launched by President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan, GCFR, in
August 2012. The roadmap essentially focuses on the development of grid-based
electricity. However, the on-going power sector reforms will only enable the extension of
the national grid to large rural areas which are close to main urban areas.
Rural areas that are remote and have a low demand density will have to depend on off-grid
energy solutions as the economies of on-grid deployment do not favour rural
electrification. Off-grid areas will have to depend on alternative solutions. The implication
of this strategy for improved energy supply across Nigeria will entail the utilization of
renewable energy sources at our disposal, both on-grid and off-grid. Consequently, it is
essential that a coordinated, coherent and comprehensive renewable energy policy (REP)
be put in place to drive hydropower, biomass, solar and wind as energy sources. In this
respect, like existing sources of electricity, renewable energy can become a source of
energy that may be traded and procured by the power industry as they would procure
fossil or non-renewable energy sources. It is intended that the renewable energy policy
advanced in this document will serve as a blue print for the sustainable development,
supply and utilization of renewable energy resources within the economy for both on-grid
and off-grid energy solutions.
NAEE is Nigeria’s Largest International Forum on Renewable Energy & the Environment.
NAEE™ is forging new partnerships. It’s where leaders come to devise winning strategies to conserve precious resources, save money, and meet people that can help them be more profitable, more efficient, and protect the planet while doing so. NAEE 2015 is where it all happens. Where it’s always happened, every year since 2011.
1. A GOODWILL MESSAGE
AT THE NIGERIAN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY EXPO (NAEE) 2013,
16TH-18TH OCTOBER 2013.
BY
CHAIRMAN, PTFP
SALUTATIONS
INTRODUCTION
Economies of Africa are developing and a lot of diversification is taking place,
this has led to continuous growth and transformation of the African economy.
There is also a rapid increase in population; and to cope with this population
increase sustained economic growth is inevitable. It is not rocket science to
know that a sustainable economic growth cannot be attained without investment
in the energy sector. An efficient use of a nation’s energy resources clearly
advocates for diversification in the energy sector of that nation and hence the
introduction of alternative energy in the energy mix of the country. The
importance of the Nigeria Alternative Energy Expo (NAEE) cannot be
overemphasized as it creates an opportunity for stakeholders in the Nigerian
energy sector to meet, share ideas and rub minds on the way forward and
proffer solutions to the issue of enhancing the contribution of alternative energy
to our energy mix.
According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) Africa has
the potential and the ability to utilise its renewable resources to fuel the majority
of its future growth. Embarking on such an act would be economically
competitive with other solutions thus unlocking economies of scale, and
1
2. offering substantial benefits in terms of equitable development, local value
creation, energy security, and environmental sustainability (IRENA, 2013).
ENERGY IN NIGERIA
Nigeria is currently working on reforming the Energy Sector. This includes the
use of conventional and alternative energy sources. The Roadmap for Power
Sector Reform indicates that with the high capital costs and long lead times
required to develop commercial power generation through solar, wind, nuclear
and biomass, the Federal Government will initially focus its development
efforts on hydro, coal and natural gas. The potential of natural gas, in particular,
will be prioritised and incentives will be provided to investors to exploit this
resource to its fullest potential. (The Presidency, 2010). Another reason for the
focus on conventional energy source is the fact that the country is working on
stabilizing the grid in the short to medium term. This does not presuppose
ignorance on the part of Government regarding the great potential from other
alternative energy sources. There is therefore no gain saying that in harnessing
the abundant capacity of our alternative energy base, we are working
assiduously with various Government MDAs to put in place a framework that
would seamlessly integrate energy generated from such sources and speed up its
capacity additions.
Also, the Government of Nigeria is aware of the effects of climate change and
the fact that alternative energy sources will help ameliorate such negative
impacts, for this reason the Government of Nigeria is working on promoting
eco-friendly power plants by investing in renewable sources of electricity such
as solar, hydro, geothermal, wind and biomass. Nigeria has a Renewable Energy
Master Plan which acts as a roadmap for achieving a substantial share of the
national energy supply mix through alternative energy sources. It also outlines
2
3. ways by which local understanding of alternative energy technologies will be
improved via capacity building, research and development.
According to the Renewable Energy Master Plan (REMP), Nigeria has
alternative energy resources including large and small hydroelectric power
resources, solar energy, biomass, wind and potentials for hydrogen utilization;
and development of geothermal and ocean energy (ECN & UNDP, 2005).
ECN & UNDP (2005) study extimates show that Nigeria has a capacity from
………. Table 1 presents estimated renewable energy resources in Nigeria,
excluding potential hydrogen, ocean and geothermal energy.
Table 1: Energy Source in Nigeria excluding potential hydrogen, ocean and
geothermal (ECN & UNDP, 2005)
Energy Source
Capacity
Large Hydropower
10,000 MW
Small Hydropower
734 MW
Fuel Wood
13,071,464 hectares (forest land 1981)
Animal waste
61million tones/yr
Crop Residue
83million tones/yr
Solar Radiation
3.5-7.0kWh/m2-day
Wind
2-4 m/s (annual average)
The REMP sets out six distinct activities with concrete milestones to be reached
within the plan period, 2005-2025. These activities are organized around the
following programmes:
1. Framework Program-me for Renewable Energy Promotion;
2. Nigerian Solar Programme;
3. Nigerian Small Hydro Programme;
4. Nigerian Wind Programme;
3
4. 5. Nigerian Biomass Programme; and
6. New Energy Research and Development Programme.
The various programs reflect a twenty-year commitment to realize the targets of
the Master Plan for all the renewable energy sub-sectors. The programs will
address R&D, database, market as well as capacity issues in realizing the targets
of the REMP.
Table 2: Renewable Energy Resources in Nigeria (adapted from (Sambo,
Reserves
S/No
Resource Type
(Natural Units
Production
Domestic
Utilization
(Natural Units)
1
Large Hydropower
11,250 MW
1938 MW
1938 MW
2
Small Hydropower
3,500 MW
30 MW
30 MW
3
Solar Radiation
3.5 - 7.0 KWh/m2/day (4.2
million MWh/day using 0.1%
Nigeria land area)
≅6
MWh/day
Solar PV
≅ 6 MWh/day
Solar PV
4
Wind
(2-4) m/s at 10m height (main
land)
-
-
Fuel wood
11 million
hectares of forest
and wood land
0.120 million
tonnes/day
0.120 million
tonnes/day
Animal
waste
211 million
assorted animals
0.781 million
tonnes of
waste/day
Not available
Energy
Crops and
Agric
Residue
28.2 million
hectares of
Arable Land
(≅30% of total
land)
0.256 million
tonnes of
assorted
crops/day
Not available
5
Biomass
Excess of
1.2m
tonnes/day
2010)
4
5. Alternative Energy Applicatiion to Rural Electrification
“COWS TO KILOWATTS” PROJECT
IRENA reports that ……The Bodija Abattoir in Ibadan, Nigeria, slaughters and
processes more than 1,000 cows per day. In 2008, it inaugurated the awardwinning “Cows to kilowatts” scheme, designed in collaboration with a technology
institute in Thailand. It makes use of Slaughter-house waste to produce biogas for
clean cooking fuel and power generation, as well as fertiliser for low-income
farmers. Approximately 1,800 cubic metres of methane per day are used as
household cooking gas to be sold locally to around 5,400 households each month
at significantly lower cost than currently available sources of natural gas. The plant
can also produce up to 1 MW of electricity. The left-over sludge from the reactor is
used to create 1,500 litres of environmentally safe organic fertiliser for low-income
farmers, reducing water pollution.
The project has created local jobs and stimulated local industry. As abattoirs are
common in most cities, the Bodija Abattoir biogas project is replicable across
Africa, and can help build more sustainable towns and cities. (IRENA, 2013).
THE WAYA SMALL HYDRO SYSTEM
The Waya small hydropower project was originally designed in 2001 to irrigate
2,000 hectares of agricultural land in Bauchi, northern Nigeria. In 2003, it was
chosen as one of two small pilot hydropower demonstration projects, funded by
UNIDO and China, to provide electricity to rural communities. Designed, managed
and operated locally, today it provides 24/7 electricity to 2,250 people. “We don’t
have to go to town to grind our maize now,” says 38-year old Umar Abdullahi.
“We have over nine grinding machines in our area that can take care of our villages
and beyond.” Aishatu Sani, a housewife, said that since her husband bought a
grinding machine they earn between 3,000–4,000 naira (USD 20–25) per day,
which helps them to buy food and clothes for their children (IRENA, 2013).
5
6. These are few examples of rural electrification projects. There are ongoing large
scale wind and solar projects such as the 10MW wind farm project in Katsina State
and the 50MW Photo Voltaic project in Kaduna State. More focus is required on
alternative energy sources as this will help Nigeria in meeting the MDGs target.
While energy alone does not guarantee progress in meeting MDGs, the diffusion of
nonconventional or alternative energy sources is supportive of efforts to ensure
environmental sustainability, fast-track poverty reduction, decline in the burden of
diseases, provision of safe water supply and sanitation, school enrolment, quality
education and gender equality.
There is a lot that can be achieved in Nigeria such as Solar cities due to the amount
of irradiation in some parts of the country, getting ethanol from municipal solid
waste due to the amount of waste generated in the country, harnessing power from
geothermal sources etc. People can also be encouraged to generate electricity in
their homes, this will not only win them incentives, when policies are put in
place, but can be a form of education for children at home on energy based
businesses and the ethics of sustainability. All these efforts will help in reducing
greenhouse gases and thus saving the environment we live in.
We therefore welcome the public sector, private sector, Non-Governmental
Organisations, Intergovernmental agencies, individuals and all stakeholders to this
platform that has been created to showcase progress made so far in alternative
energy developments, challenges and options for generation, transmission,
distribution and management of Nigeria’s energy sector. I am very confident that
this Expo will be a great success.
God bless the Alternative Energy Forum, God bless the Federal Republic of
Nigeria!
REFRENCES
ECN & UNDP. (2005). RENEWABLE ENERGY MASTER PLAN.
6
7. IRENA. (2013). Africa's Renewable Energy Future: The Path to Sustainable Growth.
Abu Dhabi: International Renewable Energy Agency.
Sambo, A. S. (2010). Renewable Energy Development in Nigeria. World Future
Council/ Strategy Workshop on Renewable Energy. Accra.
The Presidency. (2010). Roadmapfor Power Sector Reform. Abuja: The Presidency
Federal Republic of Nigeria.
7