This document provides an overview of strings in C programming, including:
1) Strings are null-terminated character arrays that store characters and a null character.
2) Functions like scanf(), gets(), getchar() can be used to read strings while printf(), puts(), putchar() can be used to write strings.
3) The length of a string can be calculated by iterating through the characters until reaching the null character. Common string operations like concatenation, comparison, and substring extraction are also discussed.
The document discusses various operations that can be performed on strings in C language such as reading, writing, comparing, reversing, extracting substrings, concatenating, appending and inserting strings. It provides algorithms to implement these string operations using functions like scanf(), printf(), gets(), puts() and by manipulating the characters in the string using indexes. The key string operations covered are reading/writing strings, calculating string length, converting case, concatenating, comparing, reversing and extracting substrings from different positions in a string.
The document discusses strings in C programming. It defines a string as a null-terminated character array. It describes how to declare and initialize strings. It discusses various functions to read, write, find the length of, compare, and manipulate strings such as reversing, extracting substrings, inserting strings, pattern matching, deleting substrings, and replacing patterns. It also describes arrays of strings and use of pointers with strings.
The document discusses arrays and two-dimensional arrays in C programming. It defines arrays as collections of similar data elements stored in consecutive memory locations that can be accessed using an index. The key points are:
1) Arrays are declared with a type, name, and size and elements are accessed using indexes.
2) Two-dimensional arrays use two indexes to access elements, representing rows and columns.
3) Arrays can be initialized manually or by inputting values in a loop.
4) Pointers and addresses can be used to access and pass array elements between functions.
An array is a group of similar elements or data items of the same type collected at contiguous memory locations. In simple words, we can say that in computer programming, arrays are generally used to organize the same type of data.
Array for Integral value:
Array for Integral value
Array for Character value:
Array for Character value
Representation of an Array:
Arrays can be represented in several ways, depending on the different languages. To make you understand, we can take one example of the C language. The picture below shows the representation of the array.
Representation of the array
Arrays always store the same type of values. In the above example:
int is a type of data value.
Data items stored in an array are known as elements.
The location or placing of each element has an index value.
Important: Array can store only the same type of data items. From the below example you can see how it works:
Array work image
In the array a, we have stored all integral values (same type)
In the array b, we have stored all char values (same type)
In the array c, there is integral, float, char all types of values and this is not something an array can store so, option 3 is wrong because an array cannot store different types of values.
Declaration Syntax of Array:
VariableType VariableName[Sequence of Elements];
Example 1: For integral value
int A[10];
Here 10 means, this array A can have 10 integer elements.
2 5 8 44 21 11 7 9 3 1
Example 2: For character value
char B[10];
This array B can have 10 character elements.
f d a b n j l s e y
Initialization of an Array:
If an array is described inside a function, the elements will have garbage value. And in case an array is static or global, its elements will be initialized automatically to 0.
We can say that we can simply initialize elements of an array at the time of declaration and for that, we have to use the proper syntax:
Syntax: datatype Array_Name[size] = { value1, value2, value3, ….. valueN };
Types of Arrays:
There are two types of arrays:
One-Dimensional Arrays
Multi-Dimensional Arrays
One -Dimensional Arrays
A one-dimensional array is a kind of linear array. It involves single sub-scripting. The [] (brackets) is used for the subscript of the array and to declare and access the elements from the array.
Syntax: DataType ArrayName [size];
For example: int a[10];
Multi-Dimensional Arrays
In multi-dimensional arrays, we have two categories:
Two-Dimensional Arrays
Three-Dimensional Arrays
1. Two-Dimensional Arrays
An array involving two subscripts [] [] is known as a two-dimensional array. They are also known as the array of the array. Two-dimensional arrays are divided into rows and columns and are able to handle the data of the table.
Syntax: DataType ArrayName[row_size][column_size];
For Example: int arr[5][5];
2. Three-Dimensional Arrays
When we require to create two or more tables of the elements to declare the array elements, then in such a situation we use three-di
The document discusses arrays in C programming. Some key points:
- Arrays allow storing multiple elements of the same type in contiguous memory locations referred by a common name.
- One-dimensional arrays are declared with syntax like type name[size]; this reserves size contiguous memory locations.
- Multi-dimensional or 2D arrays have two indexes, one for rows and one for columns. They are declared like type name[row_size][col_size].
- Array elements can be initialized during declaration by providing an initializer list like type name[] = {value1, value2}; this assigns values sequentially.
The document discusses arrays in C programming. Some key points:
- Arrays allow storing multiple elements of the same type in contiguous memory locations referred by a common name.
- One-dimensional arrays are declared with syntax like type name[size]; this reserves size contiguous memory locations.
- Multi-dimensional or two-dimensional arrays have two indices and are declared like type name[row_size][col_size].
- Arrays can be initialized during declaration by providing an initializer list of values like type name[] = {1,2,3};
This document discusses strings and string operations in programming languages. It defines a string as a finite sequence of characters and notes that every programming language has a character set used for communication. It provides examples of strings with different lengths. The main string operations covered are concatenation, which joins two strings; substrings, which extract parts of strings; indexing/pattern matching to find the position of a substring; and calculating string length. A brute force algorithm for pattern matching is described that checks each character position for a match.
The document discusses various operations that can be performed on strings in C language such as reading, writing, comparing, reversing, extracting substrings, concatenating, appending and inserting strings. It provides algorithms to implement these string operations using functions like scanf(), printf(), gets(), puts() and by manipulating the characters in the string using indexes. The key string operations covered are reading/writing strings, calculating string length, converting case, concatenating, comparing, reversing and extracting substrings from different positions in a string.
The document discusses strings in C programming. It defines a string as a null-terminated character array. It describes how to declare and initialize strings. It discusses various functions to read, write, find the length of, compare, and manipulate strings such as reversing, extracting substrings, inserting strings, pattern matching, deleting substrings, and replacing patterns. It also describes arrays of strings and use of pointers with strings.
The document discusses arrays and two-dimensional arrays in C programming. It defines arrays as collections of similar data elements stored in consecutive memory locations that can be accessed using an index. The key points are:
1) Arrays are declared with a type, name, and size and elements are accessed using indexes.
2) Two-dimensional arrays use two indexes to access elements, representing rows and columns.
3) Arrays can be initialized manually or by inputting values in a loop.
4) Pointers and addresses can be used to access and pass array elements between functions.
An array is a group of similar elements or data items of the same type collected at contiguous memory locations. In simple words, we can say that in computer programming, arrays are generally used to organize the same type of data.
Array for Integral value:
Array for Integral value
Array for Character value:
Array for Character value
Representation of an Array:
Arrays can be represented in several ways, depending on the different languages. To make you understand, we can take one example of the C language. The picture below shows the representation of the array.
Representation of the array
Arrays always store the same type of values. In the above example:
int is a type of data value.
Data items stored in an array are known as elements.
The location or placing of each element has an index value.
Important: Array can store only the same type of data items. From the below example you can see how it works:
Array work image
In the array a, we have stored all integral values (same type)
In the array b, we have stored all char values (same type)
In the array c, there is integral, float, char all types of values and this is not something an array can store so, option 3 is wrong because an array cannot store different types of values.
Declaration Syntax of Array:
VariableType VariableName[Sequence of Elements];
Example 1: For integral value
int A[10];
Here 10 means, this array A can have 10 integer elements.
2 5 8 44 21 11 7 9 3 1
Example 2: For character value
char B[10];
This array B can have 10 character elements.
f d a b n j l s e y
Initialization of an Array:
If an array is described inside a function, the elements will have garbage value. And in case an array is static or global, its elements will be initialized automatically to 0.
We can say that we can simply initialize elements of an array at the time of declaration and for that, we have to use the proper syntax:
Syntax: datatype Array_Name[size] = { value1, value2, value3, ….. valueN };
Types of Arrays:
There are two types of arrays:
One-Dimensional Arrays
Multi-Dimensional Arrays
One -Dimensional Arrays
A one-dimensional array is a kind of linear array. It involves single sub-scripting. The [] (brackets) is used for the subscript of the array and to declare and access the elements from the array.
Syntax: DataType ArrayName [size];
For example: int a[10];
Multi-Dimensional Arrays
In multi-dimensional arrays, we have two categories:
Two-Dimensional Arrays
Three-Dimensional Arrays
1. Two-Dimensional Arrays
An array involving two subscripts [] [] is known as a two-dimensional array. They are also known as the array of the array. Two-dimensional arrays are divided into rows and columns and are able to handle the data of the table.
Syntax: DataType ArrayName[row_size][column_size];
For Example: int arr[5][5];
2. Three-Dimensional Arrays
When we require to create two or more tables of the elements to declare the array elements, then in such a situation we use three-di
The document discusses arrays in C programming. Some key points:
- Arrays allow storing multiple elements of the same type in contiguous memory locations referred by a common name.
- One-dimensional arrays are declared with syntax like type name[size]; this reserves size contiguous memory locations.
- Multi-dimensional or 2D arrays have two indexes, one for rows and one for columns. They are declared like type name[row_size][col_size].
- Array elements can be initialized during declaration by providing an initializer list like type name[] = {value1, value2}; this assigns values sequentially.
The document discusses arrays in C programming. Some key points:
- Arrays allow storing multiple elements of the same type in contiguous memory locations referred by a common name.
- One-dimensional arrays are declared with syntax like type name[size]; this reserves size contiguous memory locations.
- Multi-dimensional or two-dimensional arrays have two indices and are declared like type name[row_size][col_size].
- Arrays can be initialized during declaration by providing an initializer list of values like type name[] = {1,2,3};
This document discusses strings and string operations in programming languages. It defines a string as a finite sequence of characters and notes that every programming language has a character set used for communication. It provides examples of strings with different lengths. The main string operations covered are concatenation, which joins two strings; substrings, which extract parts of strings; indexing/pattern matching to find the position of a substring; and calculating string length. A brute force algorithm for pattern matching is described that checks each character position for a match.
The document discusses various topics related to arrays, strings, and string handling functions in C programming language. It explains that arrays are collections of variables of the same type that can be accessed using indexes. One-dimensional and multi-dimensional arrays are declared along with examples. Common string functions like strlen(), strcpy(), strcat() etc. are described with examples to manipulate strings in C. Pointers and their usage with arrays and strings are also covered briefly.
This document provides an introduction and overview of strings in Python. It discusses that strings are a data type that can contain sequences of characters. The built-in string class is 'str' and strings can be defined using single, double, or triple quotes. Strings support various methods like indexing, slicing, concatenation, formatting and more. Common string methods are also described such as upper(), lower(), split(), join() which allow manipulating strings. The document also discusses comparing and slicing strings in Python.
At the end of this lecture students should be able to;
Define the declaration C strings.
Compare fixed length and variable length string.
Apply strings for functions.
Define string handling functions.
Apply taught concepts for writing programs.
The document discusses various string manipulation techniques in Python such as getting the length of a string, traversing strings using loops, slicing strings, immutable nature of strings, using the 'in' operator to check for substrings, and comparing strings. Key string manipulation techniques covered include getting the length of a string using len(), extracting characters using indexes and slices, traversing strings with for and while loops, checking for substrings with the 'in' operator, and comparing strings.
The document discusses repetition structures in C programming such as for loops, while loops, and nested loops. It provides examples of calculating a series sum using a for loop, checking if a number is prime using a for loop and selection statement inside the loop, and calculating an alternating series using a for loop. It also demonstrates the use of break and continue statements inside loops. Finally, it presents some homework problems involving loop structures.
The document discusses strings in C programming. It defines strings as finite sequences of characters that can be implemented as arrays of bytes or characters. It describes common string operations like searching, sorting, trimming, insertion, and deletion. It also lists various string manipulation functions in C like strcat, strcpy, strlen, and their applications in areas like text editing, search engines, and computational biology.
The document discusses strings and string operations in Python. It defines what a string is, how they are defined and different ways to manipulate strings like concatenation, slicing, formatting, built-in methods etc. It also discusses various string methods like capitalize(), lower(), upper(), count(), find(), format() etc and functions like ord(), chr() to work with strings.
This document provides instructions for writing a C program to count the vowels, consonants, digits, and whitespace in a string. It begins by explaining how to declare, initialize, read, and manipulate strings in C. It then presents the algorithm and full C program to iterate through a string, check each character, and increment the appropriate counter. The program takes a string as input and outputs the count of each type of character. Examples of additional string programs are provided for practice.
The document discusses arrays and strings in C programming. It covers key topics like:
- Declaring and initializing arrays and accessing array elements. Arrays have 0 as the first index.
- Difference between initialization and assignment of arrays. Arrays cannot be assigned.
- String arrays which are arrays of characters terminated by a null character.
- Common string functions like strcpy(), strcat(), strlen(), strcmp() etc.
- Two dimensional arrays and how elements are stored in row major order in contiguous memory.
- Examples of declaring, initializing and accessing 2D arrays.
This document discusses arrays in the C programming language. It begins by defining an array as a collection of elements of the same data type. It then covers key topics such as declaring and initializing one-dimensional and multi-dimensional arrays, accessing array elements using indexes, and performing input and output operations on arrays. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to declare, initialize, read from, and print arrays. The document serves as an introduction to working with arrays in C.
This document contains program code and notes about programming concepts like procedures, functions, variables, sets, and arrays. It discusses different types of variables, set operations, reading and printing sets, and provides examples of code for inputting and outputting sets. It also provides exercises for students to practice creating programs that work with student data stored in sets and arrays.
This document contains program code and notes about programming concepts like procedures, functions, variables, sets, and arrays. It discusses different types of variables, set operations, reading and printing sets, and provides examples of code for procedures to input and output sets. It also provides exercises asking the reader to write a program to manage student enrollment in math and English classes using sets and arrays.
The document discusses strings and string manipulation in Java. It covers creating and initializing strings, comparing strings, concatenating strings, searching strings for substrings, extracting substrings, splitting strings, replacing substrings, changing character casing, and using StringBuilder for efficient string modification.
Strings can represent sequences of characters. They are created using single quotes, double quotes, or triple quotes. Individual characters in a string can be accessed using indexes and slices. Strings are immutable, so their elements cannot be changed, but a new string can be reassigned. Common string operations include concatenation using +, repetition using *, and checking membership using in and not in. Strings can be iterated over using for loops or while loops.
This document discusses C strings and string functions. It defines a C string as a sequence of characters terminated with a null character. Strings are stored as character arrays. It provides examples of declaring, initializing, reading, and passing strings. It also describes common string functions like strcpy(), strcat(), strcmp(), strlen() for copying, concatenating, comparing, and getting the length of strings.
This document discusses C strings and functions for manipulating strings. It explains that in C, a string is an array of characters terminated with a null character. It describes different ways to declare and initialize strings. Functions like strcpy(), strcat(), strlen() from the string.h library are used to copy, concatenate and find the length of strings. The document also demonstrates how to read strings from the user using scanf() and fgets(), and how to traverse strings using a loop until the null character is reached.
The document discusses various topics related to arrays, strings, and string handling functions in C programming language. It explains that arrays are collections of variables of the same type that can be accessed using indexes. One-dimensional and multi-dimensional arrays are declared along with examples. Common string functions like strlen(), strcpy(), strcat() etc. are described with examples to manipulate strings in C. Pointers and their usage with arrays and strings are also covered briefly.
This document provides an introduction and overview of strings in Python. It discusses that strings are a data type that can contain sequences of characters. The built-in string class is 'str' and strings can be defined using single, double, or triple quotes. Strings support various methods like indexing, slicing, concatenation, formatting and more. Common string methods are also described such as upper(), lower(), split(), join() which allow manipulating strings. The document also discusses comparing and slicing strings in Python.
At the end of this lecture students should be able to;
Define the declaration C strings.
Compare fixed length and variable length string.
Apply strings for functions.
Define string handling functions.
Apply taught concepts for writing programs.
The document discusses various string manipulation techniques in Python such as getting the length of a string, traversing strings using loops, slicing strings, immutable nature of strings, using the 'in' operator to check for substrings, and comparing strings. Key string manipulation techniques covered include getting the length of a string using len(), extracting characters using indexes and slices, traversing strings with for and while loops, checking for substrings with the 'in' operator, and comparing strings.
The document discusses repetition structures in C programming such as for loops, while loops, and nested loops. It provides examples of calculating a series sum using a for loop, checking if a number is prime using a for loop and selection statement inside the loop, and calculating an alternating series using a for loop. It also demonstrates the use of break and continue statements inside loops. Finally, it presents some homework problems involving loop structures.
The document discusses strings in C programming. It defines strings as finite sequences of characters that can be implemented as arrays of bytes or characters. It describes common string operations like searching, sorting, trimming, insertion, and deletion. It also lists various string manipulation functions in C like strcat, strcpy, strlen, and their applications in areas like text editing, search engines, and computational biology.
The document discusses strings and string operations in Python. It defines what a string is, how they are defined and different ways to manipulate strings like concatenation, slicing, formatting, built-in methods etc. It also discusses various string methods like capitalize(), lower(), upper(), count(), find(), format() etc and functions like ord(), chr() to work with strings.
This document provides instructions for writing a C program to count the vowels, consonants, digits, and whitespace in a string. It begins by explaining how to declare, initialize, read, and manipulate strings in C. It then presents the algorithm and full C program to iterate through a string, check each character, and increment the appropriate counter. The program takes a string as input and outputs the count of each type of character. Examples of additional string programs are provided for practice.
The document discusses arrays and strings in C programming. It covers key topics like:
- Declaring and initializing arrays and accessing array elements. Arrays have 0 as the first index.
- Difference between initialization and assignment of arrays. Arrays cannot be assigned.
- String arrays which are arrays of characters terminated by a null character.
- Common string functions like strcpy(), strcat(), strlen(), strcmp() etc.
- Two dimensional arrays and how elements are stored in row major order in contiguous memory.
- Examples of declaring, initializing and accessing 2D arrays.
This document discusses arrays in the C programming language. It begins by defining an array as a collection of elements of the same data type. It then covers key topics such as declaring and initializing one-dimensional and multi-dimensional arrays, accessing array elements using indexes, and performing input and output operations on arrays. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to declare, initialize, read from, and print arrays. The document serves as an introduction to working with arrays in C.
This document contains program code and notes about programming concepts like procedures, functions, variables, sets, and arrays. It discusses different types of variables, set operations, reading and printing sets, and provides examples of code for inputting and outputting sets. It also provides exercises for students to practice creating programs that work with student data stored in sets and arrays.
This document contains program code and notes about programming concepts like procedures, functions, variables, sets, and arrays. It discusses different types of variables, set operations, reading and printing sets, and provides examples of code for procedures to input and output sets. It also provides exercises asking the reader to write a program to manage student enrollment in math and English classes using sets and arrays.
The document discusses strings and string manipulation in Java. It covers creating and initializing strings, comparing strings, concatenating strings, searching strings for substrings, extracting substrings, splitting strings, replacing substrings, changing character casing, and using StringBuilder for efficient string modification.
Strings can represent sequences of characters. They are created using single quotes, double quotes, or triple quotes. Individual characters in a string can be accessed using indexes and slices. Strings are immutable, so their elements cannot be changed, but a new string can be reassigned. Common string operations include concatenation using +, repetition using *, and checking membership using in and not in. Strings can be iterated over using for loops or while loops.
This document discusses C strings and string functions. It defines a C string as a sequence of characters terminated with a null character. Strings are stored as character arrays. It provides examples of declaring, initializing, reading, and passing strings. It also describes common string functions like strcpy(), strcat(), strcmp(), strlen() for copying, concatenating, comparing, and getting the length of strings.
This document discusses C strings and functions for manipulating strings. It explains that in C, a string is an array of characters terminated with a null character. It describes different ways to declare and initialize strings. Functions like strcpy(), strcat(), strlen() from the string.h library are used to copy, concatenate and find the length of strings. The document also demonstrates how to read strings from the user using scanf() and fgets(), and how to traverse strings using a loop until the null character is reached.
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Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
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