This document provides an overview of pathophysiology and discusses the cell, the cardiopulmonary system, and shock. It describes how diseases can affect cellular function and the delicate balance of ventilation and perfusion needed to sustain life. The key systems involved in gas exchange and circulation are outlined, including potential points of dysfunction that can compromise the body's ability to provide oxygen and remove waste from tissues.
This document summarizes pathophysiology concepts related to ventilation, perfusion, and shock. It discusses the cell, the cardiopulmonary system, and shock. Regarding the cardiopulmonary system, it describes how the respiratory and cardiovascular systems work together to bring oxygen to cells and remove waste. It explains how dysfunction in these systems can disrupt ventilation and perfusion matching, leading to shock.
This document discusses chest and abdominal trauma. It describes various types of chest injuries including blunt trauma, compression injuries, and penetrating wounds which can damage internal organs. Specific chest injuries discussed include flail chest, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and cardiac tamponade. Abdominal injuries can involve internal bleeding if organs are damaged by blunt or penetrating trauma. Open wounds may involve evisceration of organs. Proper care involves controlling bleeding, preventing shock, and rapid transport to a hospital.
The document discusses airway management and physiology. It covers topics such as how to open an airway using head tilt/chin lift or jaw thrust maneuvers. Airway adjuncts like oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways are described to help maintain an open airway. The document provides steps for properly inserting an oropharyngeal airway and emphasizes the importance of closely monitoring a patient's airway.
This document summarizes key points about geriatric emergencies from a chapter in an emergency care textbook. It discusses age-related changes that EMTs should be aware of, such as declining organ function and slower heart rates. When assessing older patients, EMTs should thoroughly communicate with and examine the patient, looking out for common injuries and illnesses like falls, breathing issues, and medication side effects. Special consideration is needed for vulnerabilities older patients face, like abuse or loss of independence.
The document discusses scene size-up procedures for emergency responders. It describes evaluating scene safety, using standard precautions like protective equipment, determining the mechanism of injury or nature of illness, and assessing the number of patients and needed resources. The key aspects of scene size-up covered are checking for hazards, putting on protective gear, understanding how injuries occurred or illnesses started, and ensuring enough personnel and equipment are available to assist all patients.
This chapter discusses respiration and artificial ventilation. It covers the physiology and mechanics of breathing, signs of adequate and inadequate breathing, respiratory distress vs failure, techniques for positive pressure ventilation including bag valve mask and pocket mask ventilation. The goal of artificial ventilation is to provide oxygenation and remove carbon dioxide when a patient is not breathing adequately on their own.
The document summarizes information from a chapter on airway management from the 13th edition of the textbook Emergency Care. It covers topics such as airway physiology, pathophysiology, assessing the airway, opening the airway using maneuvers like head-tilt and jaw-thrust, using airway adjuncts like oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways, and maintaining an open airway. The document provides detailed instructions and diagrams on evaluating and establishing an airway.
This document provides an overview of human anatomy and physiology, covering several body systems including:
- The musculoskeletal system, describing the bones, joints, and muscles that provide movement and structure.
- The respiratory system, detailing the organs involved in breathing and gas exchange.
- The cardiovascular system, including the anatomy of the heart, circulation of blood through arteries and veins, and other related topics like blood pressure.
- Other brief sections cover the lymphatic system, interactions between respiration and circulation, and comparing child and adult respiratory anatomy. Diagrams and illustrations supplement the textual descriptions.
This document summarizes pathophysiology concepts related to ventilation, perfusion, and shock. It discusses the cell, the cardiopulmonary system, and shock. Regarding the cardiopulmonary system, it describes how the respiratory and cardiovascular systems work together to bring oxygen to cells and remove waste. It explains how dysfunction in these systems can disrupt ventilation and perfusion matching, leading to shock.
This document discusses chest and abdominal trauma. It describes various types of chest injuries including blunt trauma, compression injuries, and penetrating wounds which can damage internal organs. Specific chest injuries discussed include flail chest, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and cardiac tamponade. Abdominal injuries can involve internal bleeding if organs are damaged by blunt or penetrating trauma. Open wounds may involve evisceration of organs. Proper care involves controlling bleeding, preventing shock, and rapid transport to a hospital.
The document discusses airway management and physiology. It covers topics such as how to open an airway using head tilt/chin lift or jaw thrust maneuvers. Airway adjuncts like oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways are described to help maintain an open airway. The document provides steps for properly inserting an oropharyngeal airway and emphasizes the importance of closely monitoring a patient's airway.
This document summarizes key points about geriatric emergencies from a chapter in an emergency care textbook. It discusses age-related changes that EMTs should be aware of, such as declining organ function and slower heart rates. When assessing older patients, EMTs should thoroughly communicate with and examine the patient, looking out for common injuries and illnesses like falls, breathing issues, and medication side effects. Special consideration is needed for vulnerabilities older patients face, like abuse or loss of independence.
The document discusses scene size-up procedures for emergency responders. It describes evaluating scene safety, using standard precautions like protective equipment, determining the mechanism of injury or nature of illness, and assessing the number of patients and needed resources. The key aspects of scene size-up covered are checking for hazards, putting on protective gear, understanding how injuries occurred or illnesses started, and ensuring enough personnel and equipment are available to assist all patients.
This chapter discusses respiration and artificial ventilation. It covers the physiology and mechanics of breathing, signs of adequate and inadequate breathing, respiratory distress vs failure, techniques for positive pressure ventilation including bag valve mask and pocket mask ventilation. The goal of artificial ventilation is to provide oxygenation and remove carbon dioxide when a patient is not breathing adequately on their own.
The document summarizes information from a chapter on airway management from the 13th edition of the textbook Emergency Care. It covers topics such as airway physiology, pathophysiology, assessing the airway, opening the airway using maneuvers like head-tilt and jaw-thrust, using airway adjuncts like oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways, and maintaining an open airway. The document provides detailed instructions and diagrams on evaluating and establishing an airway.
This document provides an overview of human anatomy and physiology, covering several body systems including:
- The musculoskeletal system, describing the bones, joints, and muscles that provide movement and structure.
- The respiratory system, detailing the organs involved in breathing and gas exchange.
- The cardiovascular system, including the anatomy of the heart, circulation of blood through arteries and veins, and other related topics like blood pressure.
- Other brief sections cover the lymphatic system, interactions between respiration and circulation, and comparing child and adult respiratory anatomy. Diagrams and illustrations supplement the textual descriptions.
This document summarizes key information from Chapter 24 of the 13th edition of the textbook "Emergency Care" by Daniel Limmer and Michael F. O'Keefe. The chapter covers hematologic and renal emergencies. It describes the functions of the hematologic and renal systems, diseases that can affect each system like sickle cell anemia and renal failure, and treatments for related medical emergencies like dialysis. Special considerations are discussed for patients on dialysis or who have received kidney transplants.
Apply the mask and secure it to prevent leaks. Turn on CPAP and slowly increase pressure to the prescribed level. Monitor patient continuously for improvement in symptoms and signs of distress. Adjust pressure as needed and protocol allows.
This document discusses cardiac emergencies and is from a textbook on emergency care. It covers topics such as cardiac anatomy and physiology, acute coronary syndrome, causes of cardiac conditions, and cardiac arrest. Specifically, it provides details on the cardiovascular system, conditions that can restrict blood flow to the heart like coronary artery disease, electrical issues in the heart, mechanical problems of the heart like heart attacks, and the importance of the chain of survival in responding to cardiac arrest.
This document provides an overview of cardiac emergencies, including cardiac anatomy and physiology, acute coronary syndrome, causes of cardiac conditions, and cardiac arrest. It discusses the cardiovascular system and blood flow through the heart. It describes acute coronary syndrome symptoms and management. It outlines various cardiac conditions including coronary artery disease, aneurysms, electrical malfunctions, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure. It also discusses the chain of survival for cardiac arrest.
This document discusses bleeding and shock. It begins by describing the components of the circulatory system, including the heart, blood vessels, blood, arteries, capillaries, and veins. It then covers topics such as bleeding, both external and internal, and the signs and symptoms of shock. The document provides guidance on assessing and controlling external bleeding through direct pressure, elevation, hemostatic agents, splinting, and tourniquets. It also discusses special situations involving bleeding from the head, nose, or internally from blunt or penetrating trauma. Throughout, it emphasizes the importance of maintaining ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation) and rapid transport to a medical facility.
The document discusses respiratory emergencies and breathing difficulties. It covers respiratory anatomy and physiology, signs of adequate and inadequate breathing, assessing breathing difficulty, administering oxygen therapy and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Key topics include the respiratory cycle of inspiration and expiration, signs that indicate breathing is sufficient or insufficient to support life, evaluating patient complaints of breathing trouble, and contraindications to and side effects of CPAP use.
This document discusses allergic reactions and anaphylaxis. It describes how the immune system responds to allergens, causing the release of histamine and other chemicals. This can result in mild symptoms like hives or a life-threatening reaction called anaphylaxis. It outlines the signs and symptoms of allergic reactions and how to assess and treat patients, including administering epinephrine via an auto-injector for severe reactions.
This document provides an overview of how to gather and assess vital signs, including pulse, respiration, skin, pupils, and blood pressure. It describes the normal ranges for adults and how to monitor each vital sign by counting rates, evaluating rhythms and qualities, and identifying abnormal findings that may require further attention. Vital signs are important for identifying a patient's condition and monitoring changes over time during emergency medical care.
This document provides an overview of basic cardiac life support (BCLS) techniques including assessing an unresponsive patient, activating emergency services, opening the airway, providing rescue breathing, performing chest compressions, and positioning patients after resuscitation. Key steps include checking for breathing, pulselessness, positioning the patient and opening the airway before beginning chest compressions or rescue breathing. Chest compressions are performed by placing the heel of one hand on the center of the chest and compressing at least 2 inches for adults. Rescue breathing involves delivering two breaths after each set of compressions using a face mask. CPR techniques are modified slightly for children and infants.
This document summarizes a chapter from an emergency care textbook about trauma to the head, neck, and spine. It begins by outlining the topics to be covered, including injuries to the skull, brain, neck, and spine. It then provides information on the anatomy of the nervous system, head, and spine. It describes different types of injuries that can occur to these areas, such as scalp wounds, skull fractures, brain injuries, and spinal injuries. It provides guidance on patient care and assessment for these various types of traumatic injuries.
The document discusses the secondary assessment of medical patients. It describes taking a history of present illness and past medical history from responsive patients, and performing a focused physical exam tailored to their chief complaint. For unresponsive patients, the initial focus is a full physical exam and vital signs, then obtaining history from bystanders. The secondary assessment involves examining specific body systems and obtaining baseline vital signs.
The document discusses the primary assessment process for emergency patients. It describes forming a general impression of the patient and environment, assessing the patient's mental status, airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs). Based on these assessments, the highest priority life threats must be addressed immediately, such as providing CPR if no pulse is found or controlling severe bleeding. The primary assessment is ongoing to re-evaluate the patient's condition and priority level.
This document discusses soft tissue trauma and injuries. It covers different types of soft tissue injuries including closed wounds (contusions, hematomas, crush injuries) and open wounds (abrasions, lacerations, punctures, avulsions, amputations). It provides guidance on treating specific types of wounds such as burns, electrical injuries, wounds involving impaled objects, and more. Treatment priorities include controlling bleeding, preventing infection, dressing wounds, caring for shock, and providing pain management and emotional support.
This document discusses the importance of emergency medical technicians maintaining their well-being to properly care for patients. It covers how EMTs should protect themselves from diseases, including following standard precautions like wearing personal protective equipment. Specific diseases that pose risks are identified, such as hepatitis, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS. Guidelines from OSHA are outlined for protecting EMTs from bloodborne pathogens and other infectious diseases.
This document discusses environmental emergencies such as exposure to cold and heat, water-related emergencies, and bites and stings. It covers topics like hypothermia, frostbite, heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke, and drowning. For cold emergencies, it describes mechanisms of heat loss from the body and emphasizes rapid rewarming. For heat emergencies, it explains how the body is affected by excess heat and appropriate patient care. Drowning is discussed as a process that often leads to aspiration and hypoxia. Care for potential spinal injuries in aquatic environments is also reviewed.
This document discusses medications that EMTs can administer in emergency situations. It covers common medications like aspirin, oral glucose, oxygen, and activated charcoal that EMTs carry and may give to patients. It also discusses assisting patients with prescribed inhalers, nitroglycerin, and epinephrine auto-injectors. The document provides general information on medication safety, the five rights of medication administration, routes of administration, and maintaining IV lines. It emphasizes the importance of EMTs understanding the medications that patients commonly take.
This document provides an overview of poisoning and overdose emergencies. It discusses different types of poisons including those ingested, inhaled, absorbed, and injected. It describes patient assessment for poisoning cases and treatments such as activated charcoal, dilution, and antidotes. Specific poisons like carbon monoxide, smoke inhalation, and detergent suicides are also covered.
This document provides an overview of musculoskeletal trauma and emergency care guidelines. It discusses the anatomy of the musculoskeletal system including bones, joints, muscles, cartilage, ligaments and tendons. Common types of musculoskeletal injuries like fractures, dislocations, sprains and strains are described. Guidelines for assessing and splinting musculoskeletal injuries are provided, including the importance of immobilizing the injury, ensuring circulation is maintained, and handling injuries without causing further damage. Splinting techniques for long bone fractures and injuries to joints are outlined.
This document discusses medications that EMTs can administer in emergency situations. It covers general topics like the medications EMTs are authorized to give, general pharmacology principles, medications patients commonly take, and assisting with IV therapy. Specific medications that EMTs can administer include aspirin, oral glucose, oxygen, activated charcoal, and nitroglycerin. Prescribed inhalers, nitroglycerin, and epinephrine auto-injectors are other medications EMTs may assist with. The document emphasizes the importance of medication safety and following the five rights of administration.
This chapter discusses diabetic emergencies and altered mental status. It describes how diabetes affects glucose levels in the body and how hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia can cause altered mental status. It provides guidelines for assessing and treating patients with possible diabetic emergencies, including checking blood glucose levels if protocols allow and administering oral glucose or other treatment depending on the results and patient's condition. The chapter emphasizes performing a thorough primary and secondary assessment to identify potential causes of altered mental status.
This document provides an overview and policies for an EMT course. It includes:
- An introduction to the course facilities and staff.
- An outline of the key skills and topics EMTs will be trained in, such as CPR, splinting, and medication administration.
- Requirements around immunizations, drug screens, physicals, and licenses that must be submitted.
- Details of the clinical and ambulance ride along requirements.
- Policies around attendance, uniforms, cellphone use, grading, and available tutoring support.
This document summarizes key information from Chapter 24 of the 13th edition of the textbook "Emergency Care" by Daniel Limmer and Michael F. O'Keefe. The chapter covers hematologic and renal emergencies. It describes the functions of the hematologic and renal systems, diseases that can affect each system like sickle cell anemia and renal failure, and treatments for related medical emergencies like dialysis. Special considerations are discussed for patients on dialysis or who have received kidney transplants.
Apply the mask and secure it to prevent leaks. Turn on CPAP and slowly increase pressure to the prescribed level. Monitor patient continuously for improvement in symptoms and signs of distress. Adjust pressure as needed and protocol allows.
This document discusses cardiac emergencies and is from a textbook on emergency care. It covers topics such as cardiac anatomy and physiology, acute coronary syndrome, causes of cardiac conditions, and cardiac arrest. Specifically, it provides details on the cardiovascular system, conditions that can restrict blood flow to the heart like coronary artery disease, electrical issues in the heart, mechanical problems of the heart like heart attacks, and the importance of the chain of survival in responding to cardiac arrest.
This document provides an overview of cardiac emergencies, including cardiac anatomy and physiology, acute coronary syndrome, causes of cardiac conditions, and cardiac arrest. It discusses the cardiovascular system and blood flow through the heart. It describes acute coronary syndrome symptoms and management. It outlines various cardiac conditions including coronary artery disease, aneurysms, electrical malfunctions, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure. It also discusses the chain of survival for cardiac arrest.
This document discusses bleeding and shock. It begins by describing the components of the circulatory system, including the heart, blood vessels, blood, arteries, capillaries, and veins. It then covers topics such as bleeding, both external and internal, and the signs and symptoms of shock. The document provides guidance on assessing and controlling external bleeding through direct pressure, elevation, hemostatic agents, splinting, and tourniquets. It also discusses special situations involving bleeding from the head, nose, or internally from blunt or penetrating trauma. Throughout, it emphasizes the importance of maintaining ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation) and rapid transport to a medical facility.
The document discusses respiratory emergencies and breathing difficulties. It covers respiratory anatomy and physiology, signs of adequate and inadequate breathing, assessing breathing difficulty, administering oxygen therapy and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Key topics include the respiratory cycle of inspiration and expiration, signs that indicate breathing is sufficient or insufficient to support life, evaluating patient complaints of breathing trouble, and contraindications to and side effects of CPAP use.
This document discusses allergic reactions and anaphylaxis. It describes how the immune system responds to allergens, causing the release of histamine and other chemicals. This can result in mild symptoms like hives or a life-threatening reaction called anaphylaxis. It outlines the signs and symptoms of allergic reactions and how to assess and treat patients, including administering epinephrine via an auto-injector for severe reactions.
This document provides an overview of how to gather and assess vital signs, including pulse, respiration, skin, pupils, and blood pressure. It describes the normal ranges for adults and how to monitor each vital sign by counting rates, evaluating rhythms and qualities, and identifying abnormal findings that may require further attention. Vital signs are important for identifying a patient's condition and monitoring changes over time during emergency medical care.
This document provides an overview of basic cardiac life support (BCLS) techniques including assessing an unresponsive patient, activating emergency services, opening the airway, providing rescue breathing, performing chest compressions, and positioning patients after resuscitation. Key steps include checking for breathing, pulselessness, positioning the patient and opening the airway before beginning chest compressions or rescue breathing. Chest compressions are performed by placing the heel of one hand on the center of the chest and compressing at least 2 inches for adults. Rescue breathing involves delivering two breaths after each set of compressions using a face mask. CPR techniques are modified slightly for children and infants.
This document summarizes a chapter from an emergency care textbook about trauma to the head, neck, and spine. It begins by outlining the topics to be covered, including injuries to the skull, brain, neck, and spine. It then provides information on the anatomy of the nervous system, head, and spine. It describes different types of injuries that can occur to these areas, such as scalp wounds, skull fractures, brain injuries, and spinal injuries. It provides guidance on patient care and assessment for these various types of traumatic injuries.
The document discusses the secondary assessment of medical patients. It describes taking a history of present illness and past medical history from responsive patients, and performing a focused physical exam tailored to their chief complaint. For unresponsive patients, the initial focus is a full physical exam and vital signs, then obtaining history from bystanders. The secondary assessment involves examining specific body systems and obtaining baseline vital signs.
The document discusses the primary assessment process for emergency patients. It describes forming a general impression of the patient and environment, assessing the patient's mental status, airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs). Based on these assessments, the highest priority life threats must be addressed immediately, such as providing CPR if no pulse is found or controlling severe bleeding. The primary assessment is ongoing to re-evaluate the patient's condition and priority level.
This document discusses soft tissue trauma and injuries. It covers different types of soft tissue injuries including closed wounds (contusions, hematomas, crush injuries) and open wounds (abrasions, lacerations, punctures, avulsions, amputations). It provides guidance on treating specific types of wounds such as burns, electrical injuries, wounds involving impaled objects, and more. Treatment priorities include controlling bleeding, preventing infection, dressing wounds, caring for shock, and providing pain management and emotional support.
This document discusses the importance of emergency medical technicians maintaining their well-being to properly care for patients. It covers how EMTs should protect themselves from diseases, including following standard precautions like wearing personal protective equipment. Specific diseases that pose risks are identified, such as hepatitis, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS. Guidelines from OSHA are outlined for protecting EMTs from bloodborne pathogens and other infectious diseases.
This document discusses environmental emergencies such as exposure to cold and heat, water-related emergencies, and bites and stings. It covers topics like hypothermia, frostbite, heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke, and drowning. For cold emergencies, it describes mechanisms of heat loss from the body and emphasizes rapid rewarming. For heat emergencies, it explains how the body is affected by excess heat and appropriate patient care. Drowning is discussed as a process that often leads to aspiration and hypoxia. Care for potential spinal injuries in aquatic environments is also reviewed.
This document discusses medications that EMTs can administer in emergency situations. It covers common medications like aspirin, oral glucose, oxygen, and activated charcoal that EMTs carry and may give to patients. It also discusses assisting patients with prescribed inhalers, nitroglycerin, and epinephrine auto-injectors. The document provides general information on medication safety, the five rights of medication administration, routes of administration, and maintaining IV lines. It emphasizes the importance of EMTs understanding the medications that patients commonly take.
This document provides an overview of poisoning and overdose emergencies. It discusses different types of poisons including those ingested, inhaled, absorbed, and injected. It describes patient assessment for poisoning cases and treatments such as activated charcoal, dilution, and antidotes. Specific poisons like carbon monoxide, smoke inhalation, and detergent suicides are also covered.
This document provides an overview of musculoskeletal trauma and emergency care guidelines. It discusses the anatomy of the musculoskeletal system including bones, joints, muscles, cartilage, ligaments and tendons. Common types of musculoskeletal injuries like fractures, dislocations, sprains and strains are described. Guidelines for assessing and splinting musculoskeletal injuries are provided, including the importance of immobilizing the injury, ensuring circulation is maintained, and handling injuries without causing further damage. Splinting techniques for long bone fractures and injuries to joints are outlined.
This document discusses medications that EMTs can administer in emergency situations. It covers general topics like the medications EMTs are authorized to give, general pharmacology principles, medications patients commonly take, and assisting with IV therapy. Specific medications that EMTs can administer include aspirin, oral glucose, oxygen, activated charcoal, and nitroglycerin. Prescribed inhalers, nitroglycerin, and epinephrine auto-injectors are other medications EMTs may assist with. The document emphasizes the importance of medication safety and following the five rights of administration.
This chapter discusses diabetic emergencies and altered mental status. It describes how diabetes affects glucose levels in the body and how hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia can cause altered mental status. It provides guidelines for assessing and treating patients with possible diabetic emergencies, including checking blood glucose levels if protocols allow and administering oral glucose or other treatment depending on the results and patient's condition. The chapter emphasizes performing a thorough primary and secondary assessment to identify potential causes of altered mental status.
This document provides an overview and policies for an EMT course. It includes:
- An introduction to the course facilities and staff.
- An outline of the key skills and topics EMTs will be trained in, such as CPR, splinting, and medication administration.
- Requirements around immunizations, drug screens, physicals, and licenses that must be submitted.
- Details of the clinical and ambulance ride along requirements.
- Policies around attendance, uniforms, cellphone use, grading, and available tutoring support.
This document discusses emergency medical services responses to terrorism. It defines terrorism and different types, including domestic and international terrorism. It describes how emergency medical responders may be targets of terrorist attacks. It outlines strategies for identifying threats posed by potential terrorist incidents, such as considering the occupancy, type of event, timing, and on-scene warning signs. It discusses tactics for responding to different types of terrorist incidents involving chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear or explosive agents. This includes considerations for minimizing time, distance and shielding from hazards, and appropriate personal protective equipment.
This document discusses guidelines for emergency response to vehicle collisions on highways. It emphasizes the importance of safely blocking lanes of traffic to create a protected work area for rescue personnel. Responders should use protective gear and position their vehicles to direct traffic away from the incident. The document then covers steps for assessing vehicle damage and hazards, stabilizing the vehicle, accessing patients, and properly extricating them while safeguarding their medical needs. Proper traffic control using warning lights, flares and cones is also discussed.
This document discusses hazardous materials incidents, multiple casualty incidents, and incident management. It covers topics such as hazardous materials, the responsibilities of EMTs in hazardous material incidents including recognizing incidents, controlling the scene, identifying substances, and establishing treatment areas. It also discusses multiple casualty incidents, the incident command system, and triage. The goal is to provide high-level information on responding to hazardous materials situations and mass casualty events in a concise manner.
The document discusses ambulance operations, including preparing ambulances for calls, receiving and responding to calls, and transporting patients. It covers inspecting and stocking ambulances, the role of dispatchers, legal issues for ambulance drivers, and safely operating ambulances under emergency conditions using lights and sirens. The goal is to ensure ambulances and crews are ready to respond to calls promptly and transport patients safely while complying with relevant laws.
This document provides an overview of caring for patients with special challenges in emergency situations. It discusses considerations for patients with disabilities, terminal illnesses, obesity, and poverty. It also reviews diseases like autism and conditions requiring advanced medical devices, such as ventilators, tracheostomy tubes, pacemakers, defibrillators, and left ventricular assist devices. The document emphasizes communicating with patients and caregivers, explaining procedures, and following protocols when treating patients with complex needs or advanced medical technology.
This document discusses pediatric emergencies and assessment. It covers developmental characteristics of infants and children, interacting with pediatric patients, and assessing the pediatric patient using the Pediatric Assessment Triangle. The primary assessment of a pediatric patient includes evaluating their mental status, airway, breathing, and circulation. Special considerations are needed for assessing and interacting with pediatric patients compared to adults.
This document provides an overview of obstetric and gynecologic emergencies from the 13th edition of the textbook Emergency Care. It covers topics such as the anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system, physiological changes in pregnancy, the stages of labor and delivery, assessing a woman in labor, normal childbirth procedures, and potential complications. The document consists of chapters and slides with descriptions of concepts, diagrams, and procedures for managing obstetric emergencies in the prehospital setting.
Based on the mechanism of injury described, intrusion into the patient's seating area during a motor vehicle collision, this patient meets trauma triage criteria for transport to a level 1 or 2 trauma center despite stable vital signs. The mechanism alone, intrusion during an MVC, is concerning for potential internal injuries that may not be evident on initial exam. It is prudent to transport this patient to the higher level of care available at a trauma center for further evaluation and management.
This document summarizes key topics in emergency care for behavioral and psychiatric emergencies from a textbook. It discusses types of behavioral emergencies, potential causes, conditions like psychosis and situational stress, suicide risks, and guidelines for assessing and treating patients respectfully while maintaining safety. Assessment involves screening for medical causes and gathering history, while care focuses on de-escalation, monitoring for safety issues, and determining need for transport.
The document provides information about assessing and treating patients experiencing abdominal pain or discomfort. It discusses performing a thorough secondary assessment to identify any serious or life-threatening conditions such as appendicitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal aortic aneurysm, hernia, or renal colic. The role of EMTs is to provide treatment and transport rather than make a specific diagnosis. Assessment involves obtaining a detailed history of the present illness and performing a physical exam of the abdomen.
This document discusses communication and documentation in emergency medical services. It covers various topics including radio communication systems, verbal reporting, interpersonal communication techniques, prehospital care reports, and special documentation issues. The key points are that EMS relies on radios, cell phones and other communication methods; effective communication is important for patient care, legal documentation and quality improvement; and prehospital care reports must document all assessments, treatments and other details of a call for various administrative and legal purposes.
More from Emergency Education Training Center (13)
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
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আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
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analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
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significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
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The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
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Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
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Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
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Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Planning Your Time: Plan 120 minutes for this chapter.
The Cell (20 minutes)
The Cardiopulmonary System (60 minutes)
Shock (20 minutes
Pathophysiology of Other Systems (20 minutes)
Note: The total teaching time recommended is only a guideline.
Core concepts:
The cell, cellular metabolism, and results of the alteration of cellular metabolism
The cardiopulmonary system and its combined respiratory and cardiovascular functions
The respiratory system and the importance of oxygenation and ventilation
The cardiovascular system and the movement of blood
The principles of perfusion, hypoperfusion, and shock
Disrupted physiology of major body systems
Covers Objective: 7.1
Teaching Time: 20 minutes
Teaching Tips: The cell is a difficult concept to apply to everyday life. Consider using multimedia presentations to add visual context. The most important part of this lesson is the discussion of metabolism. It lays the groundwork for an understanding of respiration and perfusion. Spend time in this section.
Covers Objective: 7.2
Point to Emphasize: Metabolism is the process of turning nutrients into energy at the cellular level. Under normal circumstances, this process requires glucose and oxygen.
Discussion Topic: Explain how a diminished supply of glucose alters metabolism.
Covers Objective: 7.2
Point to Emphasize: There are a variety of structures within a cell. Each has a specific function. Common cell structures include the nucleus, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the mitochondria.
Discussion Topic: Describe the structures of a cell.
Covers Objective: 7.3
Knowledge Application: Have students work in small groups. Assign each group a disorder (such as dehydration) and ask group members to research and report on how that condition might impact metabolism. Discuss their findings.
Critical Thinking: Diabetics occasionally suffer from a condition called hyperglycemia. How might this condition affect metabolism?
Covers Objective: 7.3
Talking Points: Think of glucose as crude oil, and the mitochondria as the refinery that makes it into ATP (gasoline) with the help of oxygen and water. Without ATP, the cell cannot function effectively and may stop working (die).
Covers Objective: 7.3
Covers Objective: 7.3
Point to Emphasize: Anaerobic metabolism occurs when oxygen is depleted or absent. It is a very inefficient method of creating energy.
Discussion Topic: Discuss how the body adapts to altered metabolism. Describe the changes that occur.
Covers Objective: 7.3
Knowledge Application: Assign homework. Have students research the concept of anaerobic metabolism. Ask them to discuss the effects of anaerobic metabolism on at least three body systems.
Covers Objective: 7.3
Knowledge Application: Assign homework. Have students research the concept of anaerobic metabolism. Ask them to discuss the effects of anaerobic metabolism on at least three body systems.
Covers Objective: 7.3
Teaching Time: 60 minutes
Teaching Tips: Cardiopulmonary function is a large lesson, but it has many smaller elements. Teach it in a developmental manner. Use small building blocks to create the larger structure. This lesson will be made easier because students have completed the anatomy lessons of Chapter 6. Build upon previously discussed concepts. Use real-life examples and "war stories" to illustrate complex points. This section lends itself well to multimedia graphics. Use video clips and graphics to demonstrate body systems.
Covers Objective: 7.4
Covers Objective: 7.4
Covers Objective: 7.4
Covers Objective: 7.5
Covers Objective: 7.5
Point to Emphasize: Alveolar ventilation is related to both rate and volume of respiration.
Covers Objective: 7.5
Point to Emphasize: Respirations can be disrupted by obstruction or by destruction of the key anatomical structures.
Discussion Topic: Explain how bronchospasm might impact rate, tidal volume, and alveolar ventilation.
Covers Objective: 7.5
Knowledge Application: Have students work in small groups. Assign a specific disease or injury to each group and have the group report on how that disease or injury might impact normal function.
Covers Objective: 7.5
Covers Objective: 7.5
Discussion Topic: Discuss how sepsis might interfere with oxygen delivery to the cells.
Covers Objective: 7.6
Covers Objective: 7.9
Covers Objective: 7.9
Covers Objective: 7.7
Point to Emphasize: The heart, blood vessels, and blood combine to provide oxygen to the cells. Disruption at this level interrupts perfusion.
Covers Objective: 7.7
Covers Objective: 7.7
Covers Objective: 7.9
Covers Objective: 7.9
Covers Objective: 7.9
Covers Objective: 7.9
Covers Objective: 7.9
Covers Objective: 7.5
Covers Objective: 7.5
Covers Objective: 7.5
Discussion Topic: Describe how an extremely fast heart rate might actually drop cardiac output.
Covers Objective: 7.5
Covers Objective: 7.7
Knowledge Application: Ask students to define the necessary components of perfusion. What elements must function in order for perfusion to occur? Discuss.
Teaching Time: 20 minutes
Teaching Tips: Emphasize that shock is the inability to meet the oxygen demands of the tissues and that it may result from many types of conditions; medical and traumatic alike.
Covers Objective: 7.7
Point to Emphasize: Shock occurs when cells lack the oxygen they need for metabolism.
Discussion Topic: Define shock.
Class Activity: Have students work in small groups. Assign each group a key component of the cardiopulmonary system. Have the groups present the role of their components to the class. Discuss how the components work together.
Covers Objective: 7.9
Covers Objective: 7.8
Knowledge Application: List different types of shock. Have students discuss which part of the cardiopulmonary system each type of shock disrupts.
Critical Thinking: Now that you understand how perfusion is disrupted, discuss how the cardiopulmonary system might change in response to hypoperfusion. How might you tell, from external signs, that these changes are occurring?
Teaching Time: 20 minutes
Teaching Tips: This lesson is designed to provide only a brief overview. Pathophysiology is a much larger topic. Discuss how students can continue to learn in this area. Use real-life examples. Adults grasp pathophysiology best when they can apply it to actual situations. For each subsection of disorder, discuss actual examples and move from theory to reality. Link dysfunction of the nervous, endocrine, digestive, and immune systems to your previous discussions of normal function.
Covers Objective: 7.9
Point to Emphasize: The body is 60% water. Several factors cause the distribution of fluid throughout the body.
Critical Thinking: A burn can lead to severe fluid imbalances. How do burns affect fluid levels?
Covers Objective: 7.9
Point to Emphasize: The body is 60% water. Several factors cause the distribution of fluid throughout the body.
Critical Thinking: A burn can lead to severe fluid imbalances. How do burns affect fluid levels?
Covers Objective: 7.9
Discussion Topic: Explain how fluid is distributed throughout the body.
Covers Objective: 7.9
Covers Objective: 7.11
Point to Emphasize: Nervous system injuries can be devastating and life threatening; they can affect the airway, breathing, and circulation.
Knowledge Application: Have students work in small groups. Assign a specific pathophysiology. Have the groups research their dysfunction and present their findings to the class. Findings should include a discussion of how their dysfunction interferes with normal function of the specific body system.
Covers Objective: 7.11
Discussion Topic: Discuss the impact of nervous system dysfunction on the body systems.
Covers Objective: 7.11
Discussion Topic: Discuss the impact of nervous system dysfunction on the body systems.
Covers Objective: 7.13a
Point to Emphasize: The endocrine system controls body functions through chemical messages.
Covers Objective: 7.13a
Covers Objective: 7.13a
Discussion Topic: Explain how endocrine dysfunctions might impact other body systems.
Covers Objective: 7.13b
Covers Objective: 7.13b
Point to Emphasize: The digestive system allows nutrients to enter the body and waste products to leave.
Covers Objective: 7.13b
Covers Objective: 7.13c
Point to Emphasize: Hypersensitivity reactions are an exaggerated immune response.
Discussion Topic: Discuss how allergic reactions are related to the immune system.
Covers Objective: 7.13c
Point to Emphasize: Hypersensitivity reactions are an exaggerated immune response.
Discussion Topic: Discuss how allergic reactions are related to the immune system.
Talking Points: The lungs (pulmonary system), heart, blood vessels, and the blood itself (cardiovascular system) work in concert to perform cardiopulmonary functions. The primary function of the cardiopulmonary system is to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the cells and to remove waste products from the cells. These basic operations rely on the coordinated movements of blood and air. Interruption of any part of this balance results in a compromise to, or even a failure of, the system.
Talking Points: Shock occurs when the regular delivery of oxygen and nutrients to cells and the removal of their waste products is interrupted. Without a regular supply of oxygen, cells become hypoxic and must rely on anaerobic metabolism. Lactic acid and other waste products accumulate and harm the cells. Without the removal of carbon dioxide, the buildup of harmful waste products is accelerated. Unless it is reversed, shock will kill cells, organs, and eventually the patient.
Talking Points: The patient's sepsis will affect the body's ability to dilate and constrict blood vessels, thereby decreasing it's ability to regulate blood pressure in response to any additional illnesses or injuries. BLS care for shock should be initiated to include oxygen, warmth, and a position of comfort. ALS should be considered for fluid therapy.