The document discusses exponents and powers, including: 1) An introduction to exponents and powers, their history and common uses. Exponents were coined by Michael Stifel in 1544 to manipulate powers of 10. 2) The laws of exponents, such as the law discovered by Archimedes that 10a × 10b = 10a+b. 3) How to work with negative exponents as multiplicative inverses and convert between decimal and standard notations for large and small numbers using exponents.