therapy

1. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introductory Psychology Concepts
Chapter 13: Therapy and Treatment

2. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introductory Psychology Concepts: Therapy and Treatment
Helping Individuals Change Behavior
Therapists use roughly 400 different varieties of psychotherapy to help
treat patients for their psychological problems.
Psychodynamic Humanistic Cognitive Behavioral Biological
Psychoanalysis
(Freud)
Brief
Psychodynamic
Therapies
Client-centered
therapy
(Rogers)
Gestalt therapy
(Perls)
Rational-emotive
therapy (Ellis)
Cognitive
therapy
(Beck)
Classical
conditioning
• Exposure
• Systematic
desensitization
• Aversion therapy
Operant
conditioning
• Positive
reinforcement
• Punishment
Modeling
• Social skills
training
Drug therapy
Electro-
convulsive
therapy
Psycho-
surgery
Therapies for psychological disorders

3. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Psychological Perspective: Understanding and
Treating Abnormal Behavior in Terms of Psychological
Events
Psychoanalytic Therapies (Freud):
• Abnormal behavior is a result of unconscious conflict
among the id, ego, and superego.
• Treatment involves relaxing the barriers of the conscious
mind and bringing unconscious conflicts into awareness.
• Methods include:
• Free association
• Dream Interpretation
• Resistance
• Transference
• Interpretation
Introductory Psychology Concepts: Therapy and Treatment

4. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Psychological Perspective: Understanding and
Treating Abnormal Behavior in Terms of Psychological
Events
Humanistic Therapies:
• Based on belief that humans are capable of controlling their
actions and responsible for their behaviors.
• Goal is to help an individual become more aware of
him/herself, to unblock inner resources for self-healing.
• Methods include:
• Client-centered Therapy
• Gestalt Therapy
Introductory Psychology Concepts: Therapy and Treatment

5. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Behavioral Perspective: Understanding and Treating
Abnormal Behavior in Terms of the Principles of
Learning
Methods include:
• Exposure and Response
Prevention
• Aversive Conditioning
• Systematic Desensitization
• Operant Conditioning
Techniques
• Modeling and Social Skills
Training
A behavior therapist guides and supports a
client with a dog phobia during an in vivo
exposure therapy session.
Introductory Psychology Concepts: Therapy and Treatment

6. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Biomedical Perspective: Understanding and Treating
Abnormal Behavior in Terms of Biology
Medical therapies are designed to change brain function in
order to treat psychological disorder. Can only be
perscribed by a M.D. (Psychiatrist vs. Psychologist)
Methods include:
• Drug Therapy (most common from this category)
• Electroconvulsive
Therapy (ECT) (formerly “shock” therapy)
• Psychosurgery (formerly “lobotomy”)
Prozac is a widely used
(but still controversial)
antidepressant.
Introductory Psychology Concepts: Therapy and Treatment

7. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Cognitive Perspective: Understanding and Treating
Abnormal Behavior in Terms of Cognitive Events
Cognitive therapy is focused on teaching adaptive change
in thinking, and thus behavior.
Methods include:
• Ellis’s Rational-Emotive Therapy
• Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
Albert Ellis’s ABCD model describes his theory of the cause and remediation of
maladaptive emotional responses and behaviors.
The activating
environmental
event
The beliefs
that are
activated by A
The emotional
and behavioral
consequences
produced by B
The disputing
and changing
of B
A B C D
Introductory Psychology Concepts: Therapy and Treatment

8. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Group Perspective: Understanding and Treating
Abnormal Behavior via the Effects of Groups on
Abnormal Behavior
Therapies usually include groups of 6 to 8 clients with a
single therapist. Within a group, clients can experience
support, acceptance, and a sense of belonging.
Methods include:
• Group Therapy
• Family Therapy
• Marital Therapy
Introductory Psychology Concepts: Therapy and Treatment
Family therapists
focus on the total
pattern of family
interactions, and
they include the
entire family in
treatment.