Information communication Technology

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Chapter # 1
Information System

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Data & Information
DATA
 Collection of facts and
figures
 Representation of
information
 Numeric Alphabetic
Alphanumeric
INFORMATION
 Processed and
meaningful form of data
is information
 Reprocessed data to get
more results

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Data Examples
 A set of names and addresses written on
student’s admission form
 A telephone conversation converted to
electrical signals to be sent down the wires
 A song written in sheet music so that it can be
played

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Information Processing
 Is the organization, manipulation and distribution of information
 Example:
 The sorted data for those students in admission form which have taken
computer subject.
 Listening the songs
 Reading a map from one place to other
 What does the number 29061996 mean?
 Is it:
 A birthday? (29th June 1996)
 A bank account number?
 A club membership number?
 A telephone number?
 Without processing or more information this data is
meaningless.

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Data Processing
Input
Process
Data
Collection
Output

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Processing
Processing has various operations
 Calculation
 Analysis
 Comparison
 Manipulation

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The three stages of doing tasks
Input Process Output
• Data is put into the information system.
(INPUT)
• The data is processed. (PROCESS)
• Information comes out of the information
system. (OUTPUT)

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Manual information systems
 We are all used to using manual
information systems.
 An example of a manual information
system is a telephone directory.

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Manual information systems
 All we need to know to find a person’s
telephone number in the telephone
book is their name and address.
(INPUT)
 We look up the name and the address
(PROCESS), and we find their telephone
number. (OUTPUT)

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Manual information systems
Input Process Output
• Have the name and address. (INPUT)
• Look up the name and address. (PROCESS)
• Find the telephone number. (OUTPUT)

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Computerised information
systems
 Computerised information systems
have several advantages over manual
information systems.
 These include:
 Greater flexibility
 Speed

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Examples of computerised
information systems
 DVLA – Driver Vehicle Licensing
Authority
 The DVLA has a computerised
database about every driver and
vehicle in the UK.
 This database can be used to find
information about a vehicle or driver
even if the data is incomplete.

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Advantages of computerised
information systems
 A single computer can store all the
information needed.
 By using several terminals different
people can access information at the
same time.
 Information is not duplicated.
 Information can be transferred to
other computer systems easily.

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Encoding
 To convert information or data into a form
ready for processing
Example:
Information about products is encoded into bar
codes which are then printed on products
labels.

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Decoding
 To convert data back to a form where it can be
understood.
Example:
On a school data file, the names of the teachers
are stored .

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Data Collection
 Bringing together all the data for an
application and getting it ready for processing.
 In schools there is a admission form that filled
completely and send admin back . Their details
are typed into a computer via a keyboard.

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Data Capture
 Means obtaining data for a Computer
 Term is used in situations where a computer
peripheral inputs the data automatically.
Example:
In examination candidate does a multiple choice test
by making a card with pencil in right places. The card
is read by a mark sensing device.

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Information Technology
 Uses Computing with high speed communication links to
spread information from one place to other.
 All types of equipment or programs that are used in processing
information
 World has become a global village
 Information can be communicated in any shape such as
 Photographs
 Movies
 Text
 Digital diagrams