This presentation gives a brief account of different uses of CFD in locomotive with mention of certain case studies. I have collected data from different sources and compiled it in this ppt. In no case i intent to own it. All credits rests with original authors.
This document summarizes a final year project and start-up project for an AT-1 helicopter. The project involves design and analysis of the rotor system, transmission system, and fuselage/airframe structure. For the rotor system, blades were designed and CFD was used to analyze flow. Gearboxes and shafts were modeled and numerically/structurally analyzed. The fuselage was modeled in CAD, underwent CFD analysis to optimize shape, and the airframe was structurally and modally analyzed. The project is currently finalizing documentation.
Romain Avy is a French mechanical engineer with experience in CAD, FEA, multi-body simulation, and mechanical design. He has a MEng in Mechanical Engineering from SUPMECA and speaks French, English, and Spanish. Current work involves CAE engineering at Penso Consulting including LS-Dyna modeling, Nastran analysis, and CAD design. Previous experience includes internships in mechanical design, composite manufacturing, and multi-body simulation. Areas of focus have been automotive, aerospace, and public transportation projects.
Presentation on locomotive platform designMogale Ronald
This document outlines Ronald Thipane's locomotive platform design project. It provides an introduction to the project, outlining the problem statement of designing a platform to allow for locomotive maintenance without height interference. It discusses the sub-problems of material selection, joining methods, stress analysis, and design. The purpose is to increase maintenance efficiency by providing safe, easy access. The methodology involves analyzing locomotive dimensions, workshop layout, material properties, and stress calculations. Progress to date includes preliminary research and a Gantt chart. Future plans include calculations, installing accessories, and extending the design.
Hatem Gacen is a 42-year-old mechanical engineer with over 10 years of experience in the automotive, oil & gas, and nuclear industries. He holds a PhD in mechanical engineering and specializes in numerical simulations, modeling, and calculations related to dynamics, vibration, acoustics, fatigue, and multi-body systems. Currently he is in charge of numerical simulations for powertrains at PSA Group, where he manages subcontracted calculation activities and performs simulations related to crank train dynamics, vibro-acoustics, and stop/start qualification.
M V RAVI KIRAN is a senior mechanical design engineer with 3 years of experience in developing complex mechanical systems for the defense sector. He has an M.Tech from IIT and has worked on projects involving missile launchers, artillery gun systems, and sonar winch systems. He is skilled in areas such as mechanical design, finite element analysis, manufacturing processes, and project management.
Double lane change maneuver (rigid vehicle model and non predictive driver mo...saeid ghaffari
*Only the first five pages are presented here. If you are interested to study the rest of this project, feel free to contact me via saeid.ghaffari@studenti.polito.it.
This project is studying a double lane change maneuver according to ISO 3888 standard using a rigid vehicle model and non-predictive driver model. The vehicle speed is 80 km/h and the lane change should be followed without touching the lanes. Furthermore, the width of the lanes are given as a function of the vehicle width. A driver model is adopted which is represented by servomechanism having the yaw angle Ψ as input and the steering angle δ as output which is proportional to the error between the effective Ψ and the angle of the trajectory. The transfer function between the output δ and the input Ψ in the Laplace domain is given by the driver gain, the delay of the driver and the Laplace variable. Hence, the stability of the vehicle can be analysed plotting Root loci for different values of driver gain and driver delay. Side slip angle of the vehicle β, steering angle δ and yaw rate as a function of the time will be derived while the trajectory is plotted in XY plane.
Stephen Barthelson has over 30 years of experience in aerothermal/CFD engineering. He holds a PhD in mechanical engineering and has worked for companies such as NASA, GE Aircraft Engines, Hunter Fan, and Capstone Turbine conducting CFD analysis and simulations. His areas of expertise include thermal modeling, combustion modeling, turbomachinery analysis, and providing 3D CFD flow analysis of engine and fan components. Currently he is seeking a position as an aerothermal/CFD engineer where he can improve products and enhance profitability with his skills and experience.
This document summarizes a final year project and start-up project for an AT-1 helicopter. The project involves design and analysis of the rotor system, transmission system, and fuselage/airframe structure. For the rotor system, blades were designed and CFD was used to analyze flow. Gearboxes and shafts were modeled and numerically/structurally analyzed. The fuselage was modeled in CAD, underwent CFD analysis to optimize shape, and the airframe was structurally and modally analyzed. The project is currently finalizing documentation.
Romain Avy is a French mechanical engineer with experience in CAD, FEA, multi-body simulation, and mechanical design. He has a MEng in Mechanical Engineering from SUPMECA and speaks French, English, and Spanish. Current work involves CAE engineering at Penso Consulting including LS-Dyna modeling, Nastran analysis, and CAD design. Previous experience includes internships in mechanical design, composite manufacturing, and multi-body simulation. Areas of focus have been automotive, aerospace, and public transportation projects.
Presentation on locomotive platform designMogale Ronald
This document outlines Ronald Thipane's locomotive platform design project. It provides an introduction to the project, outlining the problem statement of designing a platform to allow for locomotive maintenance without height interference. It discusses the sub-problems of material selection, joining methods, stress analysis, and design. The purpose is to increase maintenance efficiency by providing safe, easy access. The methodology involves analyzing locomotive dimensions, workshop layout, material properties, and stress calculations. Progress to date includes preliminary research and a Gantt chart. Future plans include calculations, installing accessories, and extending the design.
Hatem Gacen is a 42-year-old mechanical engineer with over 10 years of experience in the automotive, oil & gas, and nuclear industries. He holds a PhD in mechanical engineering and specializes in numerical simulations, modeling, and calculations related to dynamics, vibration, acoustics, fatigue, and multi-body systems. Currently he is in charge of numerical simulations for powertrains at PSA Group, where he manages subcontracted calculation activities and performs simulations related to crank train dynamics, vibro-acoustics, and stop/start qualification.
M V RAVI KIRAN is a senior mechanical design engineer with 3 years of experience in developing complex mechanical systems for the defense sector. He has an M.Tech from IIT and has worked on projects involving missile launchers, artillery gun systems, and sonar winch systems. He is skilled in areas such as mechanical design, finite element analysis, manufacturing processes, and project management.
Double lane change maneuver (rigid vehicle model and non predictive driver mo...saeid ghaffari
*Only the first five pages are presented here. If you are interested to study the rest of this project, feel free to contact me via saeid.ghaffari@studenti.polito.it.
This project is studying a double lane change maneuver according to ISO 3888 standard using a rigid vehicle model and non-predictive driver model. The vehicle speed is 80 km/h and the lane change should be followed without touching the lanes. Furthermore, the width of the lanes are given as a function of the vehicle width. A driver model is adopted which is represented by servomechanism having the yaw angle Ψ as input and the steering angle δ as output which is proportional to the error between the effective Ψ and the angle of the trajectory. The transfer function between the output δ and the input Ψ in the Laplace domain is given by the driver gain, the delay of the driver and the Laplace variable. Hence, the stability of the vehicle can be analysed plotting Root loci for different values of driver gain and driver delay. Side slip angle of the vehicle β, steering angle δ and yaw rate as a function of the time will be derived while the trajectory is plotted in XY plane.
Stephen Barthelson has over 30 years of experience in aerothermal/CFD engineering. He holds a PhD in mechanical engineering and has worked for companies such as NASA, GE Aircraft Engines, Hunter Fan, and Capstone Turbine conducting CFD analysis and simulations. His areas of expertise include thermal modeling, combustion modeling, turbomachinery analysis, and providing 3D CFD flow analysis of engine and fan components. Currently he is seeking a position as an aerothermal/CFD engineer where he can improve products and enhance profitability with his skills and experience.
This paper describes a generic process for conceptual design and assessment of air vehicles that uses modern computational tools. The process involves conceptual design using multi-variate optimization to meet requirements, followed by detailed 3D design and analysis using computational fluid dynamics and wind tunnel testing to validate performance. Underlying technologies like parametric CAD, design of experiments, and response surface modeling have improved the speed, accuracy, and flexibility of the assessment process.
Analysis of Cranes Control Processes for Converter Production Based on Simula...atsidaev
1) The document analyzes two variants of crane motion control processes for steel production: variant A with fixed crane-CCM assignments and variant B with dynamic crane-CCM assignments based on proximity.
2) A simulation model was developed to evaluate the variants, showing that variant B results in lower continuous casting machine downtime on average.
3) Future work will focus on integrating real production data into the model for more accurate input modeling data.
- Mehlam Jupiterwala has a Master's in Mechanical Engineering from Stony Brook University with a focus on thermal fluid science (CFD). They have experience designing nozzles, ducts, combustion processes, engine cooling/exhaust systems, and working on component and system level design. They are proficient in C, Fortran, CAD, and CFD software like ANSYS and COMSOL.
INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR HIGH-POWER-DENSITY E-MOTORS FOR AEROSPACE PROPULSIONiQHub
Ansys provides comprehensive simulation solutions for electric motor development from concept design to detailed analysis and verification. Their suite includes Motor-CAD for multiphysics concept design, Maxwell for electromagnetic analysis, Fluent for thermal analysis, and Twin Builder for system simulation using reduced order models. These tools allow for optimization and mitigation of challenges like high power density, efficiency, EMI, and thermal management.
Final Presentation Automotive X Prize Senior Design Competitionjohnlando87
This document summarizes a senior design project focused on designing an aerodynamic shell for an automobile to improve fuel efficiency and compete in the Automotive X PRIZE competition. The team researched aerodynamics, modeled potential shapes, conducted computational fluid dynamics simulations and wind tunnel testing to optimize the shell design. Their final design achieved a drag coefficient of 0.29, comparable to efficient vehicles. The team manufactured a prototype shell using composites and analyzed the economic and environmental impacts of their more efficient vehicle design.
IRJET- Design, Analysis and Optimisation of Shock AbsorberIRJET Journal
This document describes the design, analysis, and optimization of a shock absorber. Students at Maratha Mandal Engineering College designed a shock absorber model in CATIA and performed structural and modal analyses in ANSYS. Structural analysis was conducted to validate the strength of the design by varying the material of the spring between spring steel and phosphor bronze. Modal analysis determined the displacements at different frequencies to optimize the design. Comparing the results of both materials helped determine the best material for the spring. The modeling was done in CATIA and analysis in ANSYS.
CFD Simulation for Flow over Passenger Car Using Tail Plates for Aerodynamic ...IOSR Journals
This work proposes an effective numerical model based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics
(CFD) approach to obtain the flow structure around a passenger car with Tail Plates. The experimental work of
the test vehicle and grid system is constructed by ANSYS-14.0. FLUENT which is the CFD solver & employed in
the present work. In this study, numerical iterations are completed, then after aerodynamic data and detailed
complicated flow structure are visualized.
In the present work, model of generic passenger car has been developed in solid works-10 and
generated the wind tunnel and applied the boundary conditions in ANSYS workbench 14.0 platform then after
testing and simulation has been performed for the evaluation of drag coefficient for passenger car. In another
case, the aerodynamics of the most suitable design of tail plate is introduced and analysedfor the evaluation of
drag coefficient for passenger car. The addition of tail plates results in a reduction of the drag-coefficient
3.87% and lift coefficient 16.62% in head-on wind. Rounding the edges partially reduces drag in head-on wind
but does not bring about the significant improvements in the aerodynamic efficiency of the passenger car with
tail plates, it can be obtained. Hence, the drag force can be reduced by using add on devices on vehicle and fuel
economy, stability of a passenger car can be improved.
This project analyzed the thermal and mechanical loads on brake discs to understand deformation and cracking using computer aided design, simulation, and testing. The document outlines the project scope, prior research on brake disc analysis, experimental testing on a Vauxhall VX220 to measure heat rise under braking, validation of the mechanical clamping force and thermal stresses through calculations, finite element analysis of brake disc designs under thermal and mechanical loads, limitations, and suggestions for future work.
This document describes the design of a radial inflow gas turbine using an integrated design environment called AxSTREAM. The design process begins with specifying requirements and parameters. AxSTREAM is then used to generate over 150 potential design points by varying dimensions. The optimal design point is selected based on maximum efficiency. Dimensions and performance maps are presented for the 25kW radial inflow gas turbine designed at the specified operating conditions. Off-design performance is analyzed by varying speed and pressure to generate turbine maps showing variations in mass flow, efficiency and pressure ratio with operating conditions.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
This document summarizes a study that evaluates the design of a connecting rod using finite element analysis. It begins by introducing the connecting rod component and its function in an internal combustion engine. It then reviews previous related studies and identifies a gap in analyzing stresses and fatigue life of connecting rods in light vehicle engines. The objectives are defined as evaluating the stresses and fatigue failure of an existing connecting rod design, creating a CAD model, conducting finite element analysis, testing on a universal testing machine, analyzing alternative designs, and recommending a best design. Dimensions and material properties of the existing connecting rod are provided. Mathematical calculations of forces and stresses on the connecting rod are shown. The methodology involves creating a finite element model and conducting finite element analysis to
This is a Major Project Report successfully done at DVRCET under the guidance of Mechanical Engineering Department & the Managing Director of NIRAJA TECHNOLOGIES located at Uppal (Hyderabad).
Matthew Charles Lively has experience in mechanical engineering and machining. He has a Bachelor's in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Utah and a Master's from Brigham Young University. His experience includes internships in machining and mechanical engineering, as well as professional engineering work designing jet turbine engine components.
The document summarizes a student's final project on studying the frontal impact of a passenger bus. The aim was to simulate frontal impact and recommend safety improvements. The student conducted literature reviews, modeled the bus geometry, generated finite element models, and simulated frontal impact. Results showed peak loads could be reduced by 4% with crush initiators. Future work could involve simulating subsystems and injury parameters to further improve structural safety.
- Balakrishna H has over 5 years of experience as a design engineer in the aerospace domain using CAD software like CATIA V5.
- He has expertise in aircraft structural design, electrical wire harness design, and 3D modeling for clients such as Boeing, Bombardier Transportation, and Vought Aerospace.
- His professional experience includes projects involving aircraft interior design, aircraft structural modifications, wire harness installation design, and rail vehicle component design.
Abstract: A non-spinning machine element called an axle is used to support rotating parts such as wheels and pulleys.
The axle is one of the train's most important components, and it is connected to the wheel via an interference fit. Since
the beginning of railway history, derailment due to axle failure has been one of the most devastating sources of
devastation. The goal is to use Computer-Aided Build software to design a railway wheel axle with specific dimensions,
then model it using simulation software with the required loading conditions and constraints. This paper used Unigraphics
NX-12 to model the train wheel axle and then imported it into Hypermesh software to simulate it.
Keywords: derailment; wheel axle, simulation, Unigraphics NX-12, CADAbstract: A non-spinning machine element called an axle is used to support rotating parts such as wheels and pulleys.
The axle is one of the train's most important components, and it is connected to the wheel via an interference fit. Since
the beginning of railway history, derailment due to axle failure has been one of the most devastating sources of
devastation. The goal is to use Computer-Aided Build software to design a railway wheel axle with specific dimensions,
then model it using simulation software with the required loading conditions and constraints. This paper used Unigraphics
NX-12 to model the train wheel axle and then imported it into Hypermesh software to simulate it.
Keywords: derailment; wheel axle, simulation, Unigraphics NX-12, CAD
The document outlines the aircraft design process from initial requirements definition through detailed design, testing, and certification. It discusses establishing basic and general requirements, conducting feasibility studies, specifying detailed requirements, conceptual and preliminary design phases involving configuration selection, performance modeling, and optimization. Later phases include detailed design, ground and flight testing, and certification to clear the aircraft for intended operations. The process is iterative with frequent trade-offs and refinement of requirements and design.
A Study on Application of Passive Control Techniques to RC Bridges through No...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on applying passive control techniques like tuned mass dampers (TMDs) to reduce vibrations in reinforced concrete (RC) bridges through nonlinear dynamic analysis. 3D models of box girder bridges with different spans were analyzed with and without TMDs using SAP2000 software. TMDs with mass ratios of 2%, 3%, and 4% were considered. Dynamic responses like natural period, base shear, displacements, and forces were compared for bridges with and without TMDs when subjected to ground motion records. Results showed that addition of TMDs decreased the natural frequency of bridges the most for the highest mass ratio of 2%, with decreases of up to 41.23% observed for different bridge
The document is a project presentation on the design development of a 3-D Turbula mixer. It includes an introduction, literature survey, problem definition, objectives, research methodology, possible outcomes, resources and limitations, and references. The problem is that conventional mixers only rotate in one direction, causing poor mixing. The project aims to design a kinematic linkage that produces a tumbling 3-D motion to thoroughly mix powders and fluids. The methodology involves design, development, analysis, fabrication, and testing of the mixing mechanism. The outcome will be a designed and fabricated mixing machine that improves mixing rate and quality over conventional designs.
This paper describes a generic process for conceptual design and assessment of air vehicles that uses modern computational tools. The process involves conceptual design using multi-variate optimization to meet requirements, followed by detailed 3D design and analysis using computational fluid dynamics and wind tunnel testing to validate performance. Underlying technologies like parametric CAD, design of experiments, and response surface modeling have improved the speed, accuracy, and flexibility of the assessment process.
Analysis of Cranes Control Processes for Converter Production Based on Simula...atsidaev
1) The document analyzes two variants of crane motion control processes for steel production: variant A with fixed crane-CCM assignments and variant B with dynamic crane-CCM assignments based on proximity.
2) A simulation model was developed to evaluate the variants, showing that variant B results in lower continuous casting machine downtime on average.
3) Future work will focus on integrating real production data into the model for more accurate input modeling data.
- Mehlam Jupiterwala has a Master's in Mechanical Engineering from Stony Brook University with a focus on thermal fluid science (CFD). They have experience designing nozzles, ducts, combustion processes, engine cooling/exhaust systems, and working on component and system level design. They are proficient in C, Fortran, CAD, and CFD software like ANSYS and COMSOL.
INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR HIGH-POWER-DENSITY E-MOTORS FOR AEROSPACE PROPULSIONiQHub
Ansys provides comprehensive simulation solutions for electric motor development from concept design to detailed analysis and verification. Their suite includes Motor-CAD for multiphysics concept design, Maxwell for electromagnetic analysis, Fluent for thermal analysis, and Twin Builder for system simulation using reduced order models. These tools allow for optimization and mitigation of challenges like high power density, efficiency, EMI, and thermal management.
Final Presentation Automotive X Prize Senior Design Competitionjohnlando87
This document summarizes a senior design project focused on designing an aerodynamic shell for an automobile to improve fuel efficiency and compete in the Automotive X PRIZE competition. The team researched aerodynamics, modeled potential shapes, conducted computational fluid dynamics simulations and wind tunnel testing to optimize the shell design. Their final design achieved a drag coefficient of 0.29, comparable to efficient vehicles. The team manufactured a prototype shell using composites and analyzed the economic and environmental impacts of their more efficient vehicle design.
IRJET- Design, Analysis and Optimisation of Shock AbsorberIRJET Journal
This document describes the design, analysis, and optimization of a shock absorber. Students at Maratha Mandal Engineering College designed a shock absorber model in CATIA and performed structural and modal analyses in ANSYS. Structural analysis was conducted to validate the strength of the design by varying the material of the spring between spring steel and phosphor bronze. Modal analysis determined the displacements at different frequencies to optimize the design. Comparing the results of both materials helped determine the best material for the spring. The modeling was done in CATIA and analysis in ANSYS.
CFD Simulation for Flow over Passenger Car Using Tail Plates for Aerodynamic ...IOSR Journals
This work proposes an effective numerical model based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics
(CFD) approach to obtain the flow structure around a passenger car with Tail Plates. The experimental work of
the test vehicle and grid system is constructed by ANSYS-14.0. FLUENT which is the CFD solver & employed in
the present work. In this study, numerical iterations are completed, then after aerodynamic data and detailed
complicated flow structure are visualized.
In the present work, model of generic passenger car has been developed in solid works-10 and
generated the wind tunnel and applied the boundary conditions in ANSYS workbench 14.0 platform then after
testing and simulation has been performed for the evaluation of drag coefficient for passenger car. In another
case, the aerodynamics of the most suitable design of tail plate is introduced and analysedfor the evaluation of
drag coefficient for passenger car. The addition of tail plates results in a reduction of the drag-coefficient
3.87% and lift coefficient 16.62% in head-on wind. Rounding the edges partially reduces drag in head-on wind
but does not bring about the significant improvements in the aerodynamic efficiency of the passenger car with
tail plates, it can be obtained. Hence, the drag force can be reduced by using add on devices on vehicle and fuel
economy, stability of a passenger car can be improved.
This project analyzed the thermal and mechanical loads on brake discs to understand deformation and cracking using computer aided design, simulation, and testing. The document outlines the project scope, prior research on brake disc analysis, experimental testing on a Vauxhall VX220 to measure heat rise under braking, validation of the mechanical clamping force and thermal stresses through calculations, finite element analysis of brake disc designs under thermal and mechanical loads, limitations, and suggestions for future work.
This document describes the design of a radial inflow gas turbine using an integrated design environment called AxSTREAM. The design process begins with specifying requirements and parameters. AxSTREAM is then used to generate over 150 potential design points by varying dimensions. The optimal design point is selected based on maximum efficiency. Dimensions and performance maps are presented for the 25kW radial inflow gas turbine designed at the specified operating conditions. Off-design performance is analyzed by varying speed and pressure to generate turbine maps showing variations in mass flow, efficiency and pressure ratio with operating conditions.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
This document summarizes a study that evaluates the design of a connecting rod using finite element analysis. It begins by introducing the connecting rod component and its function in an internal combustion engine. It then reviews previous related studies and identifies a gap in analyzing stresses and fatigue life of connecting rods in light vehicle engines. The objectives are defined as evaluating the stresses and fatigue failure of an existing connecting rod design, creating a CAD model, conducting finite element analysis, testing on a universal testing machine, analyzing alternative designs, and recommending a best design. Dimensions and material properties of the existing connecting rod are provided. Mathematical calculations of forces and stresses on the connecting rod are shown. The methodology involves creating a finite element model and conducting finite element analysis to
This is a Major Project Report successfully done at DVRCET under the guidance of Mechanical Engineering Department & the Managing Director of NIRAJA TECHNOLOGIES located at Uppal (Hyderabad).
Matthew Charles Lively has experience in mechanical engineering and machining. He has a Bachelor's in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Utah and a Master's from Brigham Young University. His experience includes internships in machining and mechanical engineering, as well as professional engineering work designing jet turbine engine components.
The document summarizes a student's final project on studying the frontal impact of a passenger bus. The aim was to simulate frontal impact and recommend safety improvements. The student conducted literature reviews, modeled the bus geometry, generated finite element models, and simulated frontal impact. Results showed peak loads could be reduced by 4% with crush initiators. Future work could involve simulating subsystems and injury parameters to further improve structural safety.
- Balakrishna H has over 5 years of experience as a design engineer in the aerospace domain using CAD software like CATIA V5.
- He has expertise in aircraft structural design, electrical wire harness design, and 3D modeling for clients such as Boeing, Bombardier Transportation, and Vought Aerospace.
- His professional experience includes projects involving aircraft interior design, aircraft structural modifications, wire harness installation design, and rail vehicle component design.
Abstract: A non-spinning machine element called an axle is used to support rotating parts such as wheels and pulleys.
The axle is one of the train's most important components, and it is connected to the wheel via an interference fit. Since
the beginning of railway history, derailment due to axle failure has been one of the most devastating sources of
devastation. The goal is to use Computer-Aided Build software to design a railway wheel axle with specific dimensions,
then model it using simulation software with the required loading conditions and constraints. This paper used Unigraphics
NX-12 to model the train wheel axle and then imported it into Hypermesh software to simulate it.
Keywords: derailment; wheel axle, simulation, Unigraphics NX-12, CADAbstract: A non-spinning machine element called an axle is used to support rotating parts such as wheels and pulleys.
The axle is one of the train's most important components, and it is connected to the wheel via an interference fit. Since
the beginning of railway history, derailment due to axle failure has been one of the most devastating sources of
devastation. The goal is to use Computer-Aided Build software to design a railway wheel axle with specific dimensions,
then model it using simulation software with the required loading conditions and constraints. This paper used Unigraphics
NX-12 to model the train wheel axle and then imported it into Hypermesh software to simulate it.
Keywords: derailment; wheel axle, simulation, Unigraphics NX-12, CAD
The document outlines the aircraft design process from initial requirements definition through detailed design, testing, and certification. It discusses establishing basic and general requirements, conducting feasibility studies, specifying detailed requirements, conceptual and preliminary design phases involving configuration selection, performance modeling, and optimization. Later phases include detailed design, ground and flight testing, and certification to clear the aircraft for intended operations. The process is iterative with frequent trade-offs and refinement of requirements and design.
A Study on Application of Passive Control Techniques to RC Bridges through No...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on applying passive control techniques like tuned mass dampers (TMDs) to reduce vibrations in reinforced concrete (RC) bridges through nonlinear dynamic analysis. 3D models of box girder bridges with different spans were analyzed with and without TMDs using SAP2000 software. TMDs with mass ratios of 2%, 3%, and 4% were considered. Dynamic responses like natural period, base shear, displacements, and forces were compared for bridges with and without TMDs when subjected to ground motion records. Results showed that addition of TMDs decreased the natural frequency of bridges the most for the highest mass ratio of 2%, with decreases of up to 41.23% observed for different bridge
The document is a project presentation on the design development of a 3-D Turbula mixer. It includes an introduction, literature survey, problem definition, objectives, research methodology, possible outcomes, resources and limitations, and references. The problem is that conventional mixers only rotate in one direction, causing poor mixing. The project aims to design a kinematic linkage that produces a tumbling 3-D motion to thoroughly mix powders and fluids. The methodology involves design, development, analysis, fabrication, and testing of the mixing mechanism. The outcome will be a designed and fabricated mixing machine that improves mixing rate and quality over conventional designs.
VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for...PIMR BHOPAL
Variable frequency drive .A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is an electronic device used to control the speed and torque of an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage of its power supply. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for motor control, providing significant energy savings and precise motor operation.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
14. Locomotive Design Process & CFD
(Cont’d)
speed, power,
tractive force
Initial Requirements
Design of main frame
Sub assemblies design
Prototyping
Testing & Evaluation
23. References
CFD simulation of train aerodynamics: train-
induced wind conditions at an underground
railroad passenger platform by Adelya
Khayrullina, Bert Blocken, Wendy Janssen
Jochem Straathof
The flow around high speed trains by Chris
Baker
http://www.circuitstoday.com/working-of-
maglev-trains
Editor's Notes
Bismillah ir Rehman nir Raheem.
Gentlemen you all are familiar with the term CFD, courtesy to our first introductory lecture on the subject. And if you are asked where it is used you would also tell about the fields where CFD has contributed to a great extent in solving a number of problems whether it be an aircraft design problem, turbo machinery design, automobiles sector, power generation industry or sports or medical profession. CFD is helping to achieve efficiency, economy and safety. Building up on the same point ,Today I will show you how CFD is being applied in locomotive industry and what are advance research areas which are being explored with the help of this computational tool.
During the course of this presentation I will give a brief overview of the journey that locomotive industry has gone through and How a current locomotive design process is followed then we will see how CFD interacts with this process
Before we embark on a journey to see CFD in locomotive I would like you to imagine yourself sitting in a 1870 train and then compare it with the picture of a journey on a TGV. Well train journey indeed became more fast, more economical and more comfortable. At that time someone have to shove coal into steam engine to keep it running and to apply brakes someone have to run over the car to rotate a wheel to apply brakes. But with all these inadequacies trains transformed our world in 19th century. They brought industrial revolution, they transformed the way we use to travel, they transformed the way we moved goods at that time. But if we see locomotive industry today, do we expect same promise from this industry. Do we see train travel to keep transforming our world. To get to answer we have to see a number of factors that will govern our future world.
You might be able to identify one difference between steam engine and today’s diesel-electric driven train History of the modern trains spans the range of last two hundred years of modern human civilization, who in that time used this incredible discovery to drastically change industry, human expansion, and the way we travel on daily basis. From the first time steam train rolled over the railways of industrial England in early 1800s to the modern times when bullet trains carry thousands of passengers with incredible speeds and freight train carry substantial amount of worlds goods, trains enabled us to develop our civilization with unexpected consequences that nobody expected. Distant lands become almost instantly reachable (3000 miles journey from New York to California was cut down from one or two months to few days!), industrial manufacture could be powered with infinite amount of raw materials and outgoing transport of finished goods, and sudden fast travel (far before first airplanes were discovered) caused the need of implementing standardized time zones across entire world.
We call them Megatrends of future. These are the game-changing forces that will shape the world in the future. These macro forces will present both challenges and opportunities as they transform the way society and markets function. One of these mega trends is urbanization. By 2050 around 75% of world population will live in urban areas. This will present an enormous burden on our present cities infrastructure and specially transportation.
The other mega trend is climate change. Although its effects are complex but one thing is sure that there will be an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. To limit the increase in average global temperature to within 2%, emission of green house gases will have to be cut by 50% by 2050. Thus more stringent regulations on emissions will affect the transportation. A more greener and eco friendlier modes of transportation will be preferred. Can you tell why I have shown a picture of aircraft emissions. Check this out.
You can see Air travel on one extreme and rail travel on other extreme.
Other trends include use of efficient and alternate energy resources and exponential technological advancements.
Now lets rephrase the question asked in first slide. Can we have another locomotive revolution. Well answer is yes but for that Trains have to be designed keeping in view these megatrends of future. Trains must incorporate eco-friendly technologies faster than any other mode of transport can do. They need to be faster and economical. They must be designed for extreme weathers. These stringent requirements can be met by more optimized and diverse designs.
CFD comes into play here…. in designs..in optimization and in verifications and validations of these technologies. Lets see a typical locomotive design process. The philosophy in locomotive design is a bit different from that of an airplane design.
Here weight is a desired quantity. Because it is necessary to generate a tractive force. Tractive force is the force which generates motion between a body and a tangential surface through the action of friction. In locomotive design it would be force with which locomotive can pull its rail cars on track. Thus weight is desired to increase this force but On the other side maximum weight limit comes from axle load which the track can bear. Based upon this weight and tractive force requirements a power generation mechanism is selected.
Earlier steam engines were used to move the axle. The first steam run locomotive was built in 1804 in england. Later a series of changes were introduced in steam locomotive engines. And the top speed steam locomotive could achieve was around 200km/h.
By mid of 20th century electric locomotives came in .and they replaced the steam engines because of efficiency concerns. but For electric locomotives overhead electricity lines have to be in place.
And very soon trend changed to diesel-electric engines. Which used diesel to produce electricity on board and electric motors were used to run the axle.
Now when this tractive mechanism is finalized. Maximum speed and weight of a locomotive are fixed. CLICK Based upon these inputs main frame and axle are designed. The design process progress with sub assemblies design. This includes design of bogie truck and wheels and placement of subassemblies on main frame. and at last step testing and evaluation of prototype is done. Now CFD has entered in process almost in every phase. From initial design to sub assembly design to test and evaluation. Lets see how
Aerodynamic drag is a major contributor to locomotive power requirements, other than climbing resistance (gravity), frictional resistance. And at higher speeds it can account for 90% of tractive force. Earlier designs made use of instrumented cars and wind tunnel test to predict the aerodynamic drag. But with CFD now flow analysis around a fast moving train helps in optimizing different configurations. This analysis has changed the train shape and also optimized the inter-rail gaps.
Another area where CFD is helping in designs of locomotive train is cross wind speeds and tip over velocity calculations. In this photo you can see derailment of rail cars under cross wind. This incident happened in 2006 in canada and several other such incidents have led to an engineering solution. CFD helped in building a data base for tipping moment calculation and With the help of sensory and this data base a computer algorithm was written to restrict maximum speed in such conditions.
In high-speed trains, due to limitations of other types of brakes which depend upon frictional methods, aerodynamic brake has become an important braking method.
High speed trains passing through tunnel or under ground subways accompany with it strong expansion and compression waves which can cause dangerous wind conditions. CFD methods are being applied in design of tunnels and limiting the speeds a train can pass through an underground stations. One such example is the analysis of wind conditions in underground station performed for dutch railways in 2015. It employed CFD large eddy simulations for different configurations to study the associated wind effects.
Magnetic levitation based trains have achieved velocities as high as 500km/h. The propulsion of these trains does not depend upon friction based tractive force instead they are propelled by magnetic force. There is a cushion of air between the guiding rails and rail car. Although friction force is absent but aerodynamic force is still present and CFD is getting the results for these advanced technologies as well.
CFD can not only help in design of advanced technologies but it can also help in optimizing different configurations. CFD can also help achieve efficiency and comfort. Studies to make rail travel safer and comfortable can also employ this tool. And if wee see future mega trends growing computational power will also enable CFD to provide the answers for future challenges that our transportation system faces.
I thank you all for your patience listening. Now if you have any questions I will be glad to answer.