In this report everything about “CFD ANALYSIS OF PARALLEL FLOW HEAT EXCHANGERS” is written. The idea of choosing this topic is that in any industry a considerable portion of investment is being made for machinery installation and running. Today in this world every task have been made quicker and fast due to technology advancement but this advancement also demands huge investments and expenditure, every industry desires to make high productivity rate maintaining the quality and standard of the product at low average cost.

1. CFD ANALYSIS OF PARALLEL FLOW HEAT EXCHANGER
ME DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW ii
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SRMGPC
CERTIFICATE
Certified that the project entitled “CFD ANALYSIS PF PARALLEL FLOW
HEAT EXCHANGER” submitted by ANSHUMAN BAJPAI(1512240046) in the
partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of
Technology of DR. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY,
LUCKNOW, is a record of student’s own work carried under our supervision and
guidance. The project report embodies result of referred work and studies carried out
by student himself and the content of the report do not form the basis for the award of
any other degree to the candidate or to anybody else.
Mr. V.K Srivastava Prof. D.V. MAHENDRU
(Assistant Professor) (Head of Department)
(ProjectGuide) (Mechanical Engineering)

2. CFD ANALYSIS OF PARALLEL FLOW HEAT EXCHANGER
ME DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW iii
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SRMGPC
DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the project entitled “CFD ANALYSIS OF PARALLEL
FLOW HEAT EXCHANGER” submitted by us in the partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology (Mechanical
Engineering) of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, is record of our own
work carried under the supervision of Mr. V.K Srivastava (Assistant Professor, ME
Department).
To the best of our knowledge this report has not been submitted to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul
Kalam Technical University or any other university or institute for the award of any
degree.
ANSHUMAN BAJPAI
(1512240046)

3. CFD ANALYSIS OF PARALLEL FLOW HEAT EXCHANGER
ME DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW iv
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SRMGPC
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
"It is not possible to prepare a report without the assistance & encouragement of other
people. This one is certainly no exception. "
On the very outset of this report, we would like to extend our sincere & heartfelt
obligation towards all the personages who have helped us in this endeavour. Without
their active guidance, help, cooperation & encouragement, we would not have made
headway in the project.
We are ineffably indebted to Prof. D.V. Mahendru,( HOD, Mechanical Department)
for taking pain-staking efforts & Mr.V. K Srivastava for conscientious guidance and
encouragement to accomplish this assignment.
We extend our heartiest gratitude to SRMCEM for giving us this opportunity. We also
acknowledge with a deep sense of reverence, our gratitude towards our parents and
member of our family, who has always supported us morally as well as economically.
At last but not least gratitude goes to all of our friends who directly or indirectly
helped us to complete this report and for providing us with the journals & research
papers and thus providing the overall support to us.
Any omission in this brief acknowledgement does not mean lack of gratitude.
Thank You.
ANSHUMAN BAJPAI
(1512240046)

4. CFD ANALYSIS OF PARALLEL FLOW HEAT EXCHANGER
ME DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW v
PREFACE
In this report everything about “CFD ANALYSIS OF PARALLEL FLOW HEAT
EXCHANGERS” is written. The idea of choosing this topic is that in any industry a
considerable portion of investment is being made for machinery installation and running.
Today in this world every task have been made quicker and fast due to technology
advancement but this advancement also demands huge investments and expenditure, every
industry desires to make high productivity rate maintaining the quality and standard of the
product at low average cost. This machine can perform cutting operation at single working
centre but four jobs simultaneously, which implies that industrialist have not to pay for
machine performing above tasks individually for operating operation at different workpiece.
The whole report is divided into these chapters:–
Chapter 1 – Introduction: This chapter provides a detailed background of the study, its
objectives, significances and scope of our project.
Chapter 2 – Literature Survey: This chapter contains the the detailed information about
the past research and their findings which is very helpful to adopt a proper methodology for
the design and development of the shell and tube type parallel flow heat exchanger.
Chapter 3 – Proposed Methodology: This chapter tells about the working principle of the
heat exchanger.
Chapter 4 – Designand Fabrication: This chapter contains all the design and fabrication
of all the components of the heat exchanger .
Chapter 5 – Result and Calculation: This chapter contains the result and important
calculation related to effectiveness of the various coolants.
Chapter 6 – Advantages and Disadvantages: This chapter contains the various
advantages and disadvantages of the coolants used.

5. CFD ANALYSIS OF PARALLEL FLOW HEAT EXCHANGER
ME DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW vi
Chapter 7 – Future scope of the project: This chapter tells that how this project can be
used to enhance heat transfer efficiency is higher and overall performance of a parallel
flow heat exchanger.

6. CFD ANALYSIS OF PARALLEL FLOW HEAT EXCHANGER
ME DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW vii
ABSTRACT
Counter flow heat exchangers are inherently more efficient than parallel flow heat exchangers
because they create a more uniform temperature difference between the fluids, over the entire
length of the fluid path. Counter flow heat exchangers can allow the "cold" fluid to exit with
a higher temperature than the exiting "hot" fluid. However many industrial heat exchangers
are more complex. To save space, fluids may go to the end of a unit then go back again,
perhaps several times. Each time a fluid moves through the length is known as a pass. For
example, one fluid may make 2 passes, the other 4 passes. Thus parts of the heat exchanger
may be co-current, others counter-current, and calculations must take this into account.
The results are observed to be sensitive to the turbulence model selection. The best
turbulence model among the ones considered is determined by comparing the CFD results of
heat transfer coefficient, outlet temperature and pressure drop with the Bell–Delaware
method results. For two baffle cut values, the effect of the baffle spacing to shell diameter
ratio on the heat exchanger performance is investigated by varying flow rate.
A method of fault detection, diagnosis (FDD) and data recovery is proposed for building
heating/cooling billing system in this paper. Principal component analysis (PCA) approach is
used to extract the correlation of measured variables in heating/cooling billing system and
reduce the dimension of measured data. The measured data of billing system under normal
operating condition are used to build PCA model. Sensor faults of bias, drifting and complete
failure are introduced to building heating/cooling billing system for detection and
identification. Square prediction error (SPE) statistic is used to detect sensor faults in the
system.

7. CFD ANALYSIS OF PARALLEL FLOW HEAT EXCHANGER
ME DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Certificate ii
Declaration iii
Acknowledgement iv
Preface v
Abstract vi
Table of content vii to ix
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Definition 2
1.3 History of heat exchangers 2
1.3.1 International use 3
1.3.2 Brazed Exchangers 3
1.3.3 Current uses 3
1.3.4 Future 3
1.4.1 Air cooled heat exchanger 5
1.4.2 Double pipe heat exchanger 6
1.4.3 Extended surface heat exchanger 7
1.4.4 Brazed plate fin heat exchanger 8
1.4.5 Spiral wounded heat exchanger 9
1.4.6 Barometric condenser 10
1.4.7 Bayonet tube heat exchanger 12
1.4.8 Scraped surface heat exchanger 14
1.4.9 Falling film cooler 15

8. CFD ANALYSIS OF PARALLEL FLOW HEAT EXCHANGER
ME DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW ix
1.4.10 Shell and tube type heat exchanger 17
1.5 Construction of shell and tube heat exchanger 18
1.5.1 Fluid Stream Allocation 19
1.5.2 Tubes 19
1.5.3 Tube sheets 20
1.5.4 Shell Assembly 20
1.5.5 End Channels and Bonnets 21
1.5.6 Baffles 22
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY
2. Literature Survey 23-28
CHAPTER 3: PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
3.1 Formulation and description of the problem 29
3.1.1 Problem definition 29
3.1.2 Problem objectives 29
3.1.3 Problem identification 30
3.1.4 Assumptions 30
3.2 Proposed methods for the problem 31
3.2.1 LMTD Method 31
3.2.2 Heat exchanger Effectiveness method 32
3.2.3 Effectiveness and NTU method 33
3.3 CATIA 34
3.3.1 Designing in CATIA 34
3.3.2 File compatibility and CATIA V5 conversion 34
3.3.3 Systems Engineering
3.3.4 CATIA in Mechanical Engineering 35

9. CFD ANALYSIS OF PARALLEL FLOW HEAT EXCHANGER
ME DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW x
3.3.5 CATIA in Industry 36
3.3.6 CATIA in fluid system 37
3.4 Basic commands in CATIA 38 - 41
3.5 ANSYS 42
3.5.1 ANSYS command file creation and execution 42 – 44
3.6 Costof Project 45
CHAPTER 4: DESIGNING(MODELLING)AND ANALYSIS 46 - 54
4.1 Selection of material 46
4.2 Selection of coolant 46
4.3.Designing of model in CATIA V5 47
4.3.1. Data collection and Modelling 48
4.4 Importing data from CATIA 50
4.5 Defining material properties to ANSYS 50
4.6 Simulation 52
4.6.1 Finite Volume Method 52
CHAPTER 5: CALCULATION AND RESULT 55 - 63
5.1 Calculations 56 - 61
5.2 Results 63
CHAPTER 6: ADVANTAGES , DISADVANTAGES 64
AND APPLICATIONS
6.1 Advantages 64
6.2 Disadvantages 64

10. CFD ANALYSIS OF PARALLEL FLOW HEAT EXCHANGER
ME DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW xi
6.3 Applications of Nanofluid used in project 64
CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 65
7.1 Conclusion 65
7.2 Future scope 65
Appendices xii - xviii
Appendix A: List of figures xii - xiii
Appendix B: List of tables Page xiv
Appendix C: List of abbreviations and symbols used xv
Appendix D: Glossary xvi
References xvii - xviii

11. CFD ANALYSIS OF PARALLEL FLOW HEAT EXCHANGER
ME DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW xii