Centralized air conditioning (AC) systems cool air at a single location and distribute it through ducts to various rooms, featuring components like the evaporator, compressor, and thermostat. These systems are efficient for large spaces, providing consistent cooling and improved air quality, but require significant investment for installation and maintenance. They are particularly suitable for large homes, offices, and commercial venues but may be less efficient for smaller buildings.

1. CENTRALIZED
PRESENTED BY:
KULSOOM BEGUM

2. CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
COMPONENTS
AHU
SPPLYING DUCT
RETURN DUCT
DIFFUSER/REGISTERS
COMPRESSOR
CONDENSOR
EXPANSION DEVICE
EVAPORATOR
THERMOSTAT
WORKING
PROS &CONS

3. CENTRALIZED AIR CONDITIONING (AC) IS A SYSTEM THAT
COOLS AIR AT A CENTRAL LOCATION AND DISTRIBUTES
IT TO VARIOUS SPACES OR ROOMS THROUGH A
NETWORK OF DUCTS OR OTHER METHODS.
A CENTRALIZED OR A CENTRAL AC IS MADE UP OF
NUMEROUS COMPONENTS FROM AN EVAPORATOR COIL,
CONDENSER COIL, COMPRESSOR, FURNACE, AIR
HANDLER, BLOWER FAN, AND SO ON.
UNLIKE A WINDOW OR A SPLIT AC, A CENTRALIZED AC
DOESN’T REQUIRE SETUP IN EVERY ROOM; INSTEAD, THE
AIR DUCTS LAID OUT IN EVERY ROOM IN A BUILDING ARE
ENOUGH TO DELIVER COLD AIR TO ALL THE ROOMS.
ITS LIFE SPAN COULD BE OF 15-20 YEARS.
INTRODUCTION

4. COMPONENTS
AIR HANDLING UNIT
1.
SPPLYING DUCT
2.
RETURN DUCT
3.
DIFFUSER/REGISTERS
4.
COMPRESSOR
5.
CONDENSOR
6.
EXPANSION DEVICE
7.
EVAPORATOR
8.
THERMOSTAT
9.
A TYPICAL CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM IS A TWO-PART OR SPLIT SYSTEM THAT INCLUDES:
THE OUTDOOR UNIT CONTAINS THE CONDENSER COIL, COMPRESSOR, ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS AND A FAN.
THE EVAPORATOR COIL, WHICH IS USUALLY INSTALLED ON TOP OF THE GAS FURNACE INSIDE THE HOME.
A SERIES OF PIPES, OR REFRIGERATION LINES, CONNECTING THE INSIDE AND OUTSIDE EQUIPMENT.
REFRIGERANT, THE SUBSTANCE IN THE REFRIGERATION LINES THAT CIRCULATES THROUGH THE INDOOR AND OUTDOOR UNIT.
DUCTS THAT SERVE AS AIR TUNNELS TO THE VARIOUS SPACES INSIDE YOUR HOME.
A THERMOSTAT OR CONTROL SYSTEM TO SET YOUR DESIRED TEMPERATURE.

5. THE FUNCTION OF AHU IS TO SUCK AIR FROM THE ROOMS THROUGH RETURN
DUCT AND LET IT PASS THROUGH AIR FILTERS, THEN DISCHARGING THE
CONDITIONED AIR BACK TO THE ROOMS.
IT IS SHAPED LIKE A BOX THAT CONTAIN SOME EQUIPMENTS SUCH AS FILTER,
BLOWER ETC.
COMPONENTS OF AHU
SUPPLY DUCT SUPPLY CONDITIONED AIR FOR VARIOUS HEAT LOADS.
FAN COMPARTMENT PRESSURIZE AIR TO COMPENSATE FOR PRESSURE DROP IN
THE DUCT.
VIBRATION ISOLATOR DAMPENS THE VIBRATION IN THE UNIT CAUSED BY
DYNAMIC EQUIPMENT.
HEATING/COOLING COIL CONTROLS THE TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY TO THE
REQUIRED LEVEL.
FILTER COMPARTMENT FILTERS THE PARTICULATE MATTERS TO THE REQUIRED
STANDARDS.
MIXING AIR DUCT MIXES RETURN AIR WITH THE REQUIRED AMOUNT OF FRESH
AIR.
LOCATION: AT THE TOP OF THE BUILDING AND THE DOOR IS ALWAYS CLOSED.
AHU

6. SUPPLYINGDUCT
IT SUPPLIES THE CONDITIONED AIR FROM AIR HANDLING UNIT (AHU) TO THE SPACE OR ROOM.
IT IS ALSO CALLED AS MAIN DUCT.
FROM MAIN DUCT A NUMBER OF DUCT BRANCHES ARE PROVIDED FOR THE EACH ROOM.
RETURNDUCT
THIS COMPONENT IS TO REGULATE AND EXTRACT AIR FROM A ROOM AND
RECYCLE IT.
USE OF ANY VENTILATING, HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING.
THE AIR WILL FORCE AIR PROCESS WHICH BLOWS THROUGH THE DUCT.
LOCATED EITHER IN HALLWAY OR IN THE CEILING AT AHU ROOMS.
REGISTERS/DIFFUSERS
IT DISTRIBUTES AND DIRECTS THE CONDITIONED AIR TO THE OCCUPIED SPACE.
IT HAS A RECTANGULAR OR SQUARE FACE INCORPORATED WITH VANES, BLADES ETC.
IT CONTROLS THE AMOUNT OF CONDITIONED AIR AND DEFLECTS INTO THE SPACE.
LOCATED AT THE TOP OF CEILING AND COMES IN VARIOUS TYPES.

7. COMPRESSOR
LOW-PRESSURE REFRIGERANT GAS ENTERS THE COMPRESSOR.
THE COMPRESSOR COMPRESSES THE GAS, INCREASING ITS PRESSURE AND
TEMPERATURE.
HIGH-PRESSURE, HIGH-TEMPERATURE GAS EXITS THE COMPRESSOR AND MOVES TO THE
CONDENSER.
CONDENSOR
HEAT EXCHANGE:
THE REFRIGERANT ARRIVES AT THE CONDENSER AS A HIGH-PRESSURE, HIGH-
TEMPERATURE GAS FROM THE COMPRESSOR.
THE CONDENSER COILS, TYPICALLY EXPOSED TO OUTDOOR AIR OR WATER, TRANSFER
THE HEAT FROM THE REFRIGERANT TO THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT.
AS THE REFRIGERANT COOLS, IT CONDENSES INTO A HIGH-PRESSURE LIQUID.
COOLING MECHANISM:
HEAT DISSIPATION OCCURS THROUGH FANS (AIR-COOLED CONDENSERS) OR WATER
CIRCULATION (WATER-COOLED CONDENSERS).

8. EXPANSIONDEVICE
THE HIGH-PRESSURE LIQUID REFRIGERANT FROM THE CONDENSER PASSES
THROUGH THE EXPANSION VALVE.
THE VALVE LOWERS THE PRESSURE, CAUSING THE REFRIGERANT TO COOL RAPIDLY.
THE VALVE METERS THE REFRIGERANT INTO THE EVAPORATOR COIL IN THE
CORRECT AMOUNT TO MATCH THE COOLING DEMAND.
EVAPORATOR
THE EVAPORATOR CONTAINS A REFRIGERANT IN A LOW-PRESSURE, LOW-TEMPERATURE LIQUID STATE.
THE REFRIGERANT ABSORBS THE HEAT FROM THE AIR, CAUSING IT TO EVAPORATE INTO A GAS.
AS THE REFRIGERANT ABSORBS HEAT AND CHANGES STATE, THE AIR BLOWN OVER THE EVAPORATOR
COIL LOSES HEAT, BECOMING COOLER.
THE COOLED AIR IS DISTRIBUTED THROUGH DUCTS OR DIRECTLY INTO THE ROOM.
THE EVAPORATOR COIL ALSO HELPS REDUCE INDOOR HUMIDITY.
THERMOSTAT
IT CONTROLS THE TEMPERATURE AND MAINTAINS A CONSTANT TEMPERATURE IN THE FIXED RANGE
THROUGHOUT THE ROOM.

9. WORKING
USING ELECTRICITY AS ITS POWER SOURCE, THE
REFRIGERANT FLOWS THROUGH A CLOSED SYSTEM
OF REFRIGERATION LINES BETWEEN THE INDOOR
UNIT AND THE OUTSIDE UNIT.
WARM AIR FROM THE INSIDE OF YOUR HOUSE IS
PULLED INTO DUCT WORK BY A MOTORIZED FAN.
THE REFRIGERANT IS PUMPED FROM THE EXTERIOR
COMPRESSOR COIL TO THE INTERIOR EVAPORATOR
COIL, WHERE IT ABSORBS THE HEAT FROM THE AIR.
THIS COOLED AIR IS THEN PUSHED THROUGH
CONNECTING DUCTS TO VENTS THROUGHOUT THE
HOME, LOWERING THE INTERIOR TEMPERATURE.
THE REFRIGERATION CYCLE CONTINUES AGAIN,
PROVIDING A CONSISTENT METHOD TO KEEP YOU
COOL.

10. APPLICATIONS
LARGE HOMES, VILLAS, AND LUXURY APARTMENTS.
OFFICES AND CORPORATE SPACES.
SHOPPING MALLS AND RETAIL OUTLETS.
HOTELS, GUEST ROOMS, AND BANQUET HALLS.
MANUFACTURING PLANTS AND INDUSTRIES.
PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTION AND STORAGE FACILITIES.
HOSPITALS AND CLINICS.
UNIVERSITIES AND SCHOOLS.
CINEMAS, THEATERS, AND AUDITORIUMS.
GYMS, STADIUMS, AND RECREATIONAL CENTERS.
RESTAURANTS AND CAFES.
SUPERMARKETS AND GROCERY STORES.
AIRPORTS AND RAILWAY STATIONS.
MUSEUMS AND CULTURAL VENUES.
CONVENTION CENTERS AND EVENT SPACES.

11. PROS
ENSURES CONSISTENT COOLING ACROSS LARGE SPACES.
1.
DESIGNED FOR HIGH EFFICIENCY WHEN COOLING EXTENSIVE AREAS, REDUCING PER-UNIT ENERGY COSTS.
2.
THE SYSTEM COMPONENTS, SUCH AS DUCTWORK AND AIR HANDLERS, ARE USUALLY HIDDEN, MAINTAINING THE INTERIOR AESTHETICS OF THE
SPACE.
3.
NO NEED FOR MULTIPLE AC UNITS WHICH SAVES SPACE.
4.
OFFERS PRECISE TEMPERATURE CONTROL WITH ZONING OPTIONS, ALLOWING DIFFERENT AREAS TO HAVE CUSTOMIZED TEMPERATURE SETTINGS.
5.
EQUIPPED WITH ADVANCED FILTERS AND VENTILATION SYSTEMS THAT REMOVE DUST AND POLLUTANTS, ENSURING BETTER INDOOR AIR QUALITY.
6.
SINCE THE COMPRESSOR AND OTHER NOISY COMPONENTS ARE TYPICALLY LOCATED OUTSIDE, THE INDOOR ENVIRONMENT IS QUIETER.
7.
CONS
THE INSTALLATION INVOLVES HIGH INVESTMENT DUE TO EQUIPMENT, DUCTWORK, AND PROFESSIONAL SETUP.
1.
REQUIRES DETAILED PLANNING AND SKILLED TECHNICIANS FOR INSTALLATION, WHICH CAN BE TIME-CONSUMING.
2.
LESS ENERGY-EFFICIENT FOR SMALL BUILDINGS OR INDIVIDUAL ROOMS AS THE SYSTEM MAY OPERATE AT HIGHER CAPACITY THAN REQUIRED.
3.
DEMANDS REGULAR MAINTENANCE OF DUCTS, FILTERS, AND COMPONENTS TO MAINTAIN EFFICIENCY AND PREVENT MALFUNCTIONS.
4.
AIR LEAKAGE IN POORLY SEALED DUCTS CAN REDUCE EFFICIENCY AND INCREASE ENERGY COSTS.
5.
IF THE CENTRAL UNIT FAILS, THE ENTIRE BUILDING MAY LOSE COOLING UNTIL REPAIRS ARE MADE.
6.

12. THANKYOU