Central Valley Drought

Central Valley Drought
The drought has affected the central valley, in particular Fresno, for about four years because of the lack of rain and the overuse of water in the
communities. There is no real solution to fix the issue of no rain, but in the City of Fresno, they implemented some regulations to aid in water
conservation. Some of these regulations included watering schedules in which certain addresses are able to water their lawn on specific days during
a certain time period. Also each household is limited on the amount of water being they are able to use or risk the chance of being fined. The central
valley is known for its agriculture and many farmers in Fresno had to reduce the amount of crops because of the drought. If rain does not come soon,
then water
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Essay On California Drought
How do we halt a seemingly endless drought? California has many varying climates from the chilly Sierra Mountains to the parched deserts of
Death Valley, but today they all have one thing in common: they are in a drought. The California drought has been a creeping phenomenon that has
taken a hold of the state for the past five years. There has been little rain, soaring temperatures, and dropping water levels. The lack of water lead to
severe water cuts, the spread of wildfire, and thirsty crops. In order to end the drought, California must conserve water. Recycling water is an effective
way to save water. Recycling water is making wastewater into water people can safely use to water their crops, use in the toilet, and even for drinking.
Dirty wastewater is pumped through pipes where they are filtered and exposed to ultraviolet light to remove bacteria and other molecules that are not
water. The Sacramento Bee states that, "The Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District currently pumps out about 1,000 acre–feet of recycled
water a year to parks and schools in areas of Elk Grove near its treatment plant in southern Sacramento County" (Sangree). Creating safe water from the
wastewater, which the state usually pumps out, is a smart and efficient process of supplying their cities with clean water. Not only is recycling water a
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Practicing good water saving techniques everyday will eventually save them gallons of water over time. Small acts one can do are turning off the tap
when it is not in use, using the dishwasher instead of hand washing, not watering their lawns, and taking showers instead of baths. Friedman wrote in
Refinery29.com, "The average bath uses 35 to 50 gallons of water, but a 10–minute shower with a low–flow showerhead only uses 25 gallons"
(Friedman). Simply changing from baths to showers can create a huge difference in a person's water usage. Everyday people can fight against the
drought at

Persuasive Essay On Drought
Fresh water is one of the basic needs and essentials of all living things. Although, we all utilize it differently, we use it in an everyday basis.
Without water, it is simply said in five words that "there would be no life." As most know today, California is currently in the midst of a drought for
about four years now and it is becoming worst and worst, which is a severe problem. The problem is formidable, however many can care less.
Although, being in a drought is surely an environmental issue, it is our responsibility to be mindful and cautious about this issue. Evidence to support
this states from the National Drought Mitigation Center states "People can also play a big role in drought. If we use too much water during times of
normal

Essay Effects on Drought
Effects on Drought
Drought has long been recognized as one of the most insidious causes of human misery. It has today the unfortunate distinction of being the natural
disaster that annually claims the most victims. Its ability to cause widespread misery is actually increasing. While generally associated with semiarid
climates, drought can occur in areas that normally enjoy adequate rainfall and moisture levels. In the broadest sense, any lack of water for the normal
needs of agriculture, livestock, industry, or human population may be termed a drought. The cause may be lack of supply, contamination of supply,
inadequate storage or conveyance facilities, or abnormal demand. Drought, as commonly...show more content...
This led to overgrazing, continuous cropping, and lowering of the groundwater table. Thus, the sharply lower rainfall of 1972 and 1973 served to
increase a degenerative process that was already underway. While attention has been focused on the magnitude of human suffering, the drought's
impact on the economy has been equally profound. In real terms, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Chad was down nine percent in 1973, the
worst year of the drought. The loss in real economic growth was a devastating setback for Chad; its 1975 per capita Gross National Product (GNP) of
$120 ranked Chad as one of the lowest income countries in the world. One of the greatest effects of the drought was on livestock production, an
important source of income, employment, and exports in Chad. The national herd of 4.7 million cattle, goats, and sheep was reduced by one half, and
the remaining animals suffered from malnutrition and disease. Because of the importance livestock played as a foreign exchange earner, the losses had
a severe impact on the budgetary and balance of payments situations. Population and employment also registered the effects of the disaster. About half
of the population of four million lived in the Sahelian zone. As the drought persisted, many people migrated in search of relief. Some followed their
herds into neighboring

Essay on Drought as a Natural Disaster
Drought as a natural disaster has severe impact on the land resources and human society. Additionally, the demand for land and water resources by
human or bad management increases its risk. To evaluate and identify the trend of drought event, having its spatial distribution is necessary. In this case,
remote sensing data are vital, particularly in arid or semiarid lands, where few meteorology stations are located in. In the remote areas like desert,
there exist no stations. In this research, two kinds of remote sensing indices are used; first is the Thermal Condition Index (TCI) based on the Land
Surface Temperature (LST), and the second one shows the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) based the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
(NDVI)....show more content...
This action is partially dependent on soil types. In other words, in the survey of drought by NDVI, there is lag time between the onset of a drought
event and the drought–related evidence on the growing plant. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the other environmental factors, such as the amount
of water holding capacity of soil, to interpret the relationship between NDVI and rainfall. As it is a fact, the sandy soils hold low amount moisture and
they are drier than other soil textures (Thenkabail et al., 2004).
In earth sciences, the study of desert and desertification is considered as an interdisciplinary science that helps others, including geology, watershed
management, and soil science. Then each might have a particular point of view, which is initiated from their perspective in the study of the
phenomenon of desertification and desert features. Remote sensing is a versatile tool in the investigation of desertification, which plays an important
role in the evaluation of climate and environment processes. The digital satellite images have also useful to identify the characteristics of drylands.
Therefore, digital images, based on spectral reflectance and thermal radiation (Alavi Panah et al., 2008; Alavipanah et al., 2007c)ШЊ, are helpful to
study the significant contributing factors in desertification processes and their severities (Alavipanah et al., 2007a, 2004a).
In this research, the temporal and spatial variations of thermal and spectral

Droughts in Chad Essay
Droughts in Chad
In our world, we are faced with many severe phenomenons. In the continent of Africa, droughts are one of the many phenomenons that have been
acknowledged. An African country like, Chad, located east of Niger and southwest of Egypt, is a old victim of this phenomenon The Sahel regions,
consisting of countries like Chad, Mauritania, Mali, etc..., face droughts regularly. Half of the country is in the Saharan Desert, while the other half, in
the Sahel region. Its regular scarcity of rainfall leads to droughts. According to Hydrological Sciences Journal, "West African Sahel has experienced a
significant drought which, according to some authors, corresponds to a discontinuity (abrupt change) in the rainfall series"...show more content...
Figure 1 (NOAA/CPC RFE Climatology Method) demonstrates the average percent of the 2010 rainy season of the Sahelian region. The country,
circled in red, Chad, an abnormality of average rainfall, where more than 80% of the region receives 110%–140% of average rainfall, and the rest
(northern part) receives below 70% of average rainfall. A common effect of droughts is the mass extinction of fish and drastic size change in its
nearby lake, Lake Chad. Lake Chad is very shallow, only about 5 to 8m deep, at that time, its surface area were approximately 25,000 square kilometers.
... from 1969 to 1972–73 having been a catastrophic years from a hydrological point of view, the surface of the lake was reduced from about 22,000
square kilometers to 7,000 square kilometers, thus drying up its northern part the thrust of the flow was not strong enough ... ("FISH STATISTICS IN
THE LAKE CHAD BASIN DURING THE DROUGHT (1969–1976)" 203).
The drought that took place from 1969 to 1973 had a noticeable impact on Lake Chad, sinking to nearly three times less than its original size. The
northern part of the lake had an increase of caught fish from 8,790 t to 26,862 t; this is due to the decrease of the water level. The southern part of the
lake also, greatly benefit from the drought, from 3,856 t to 10,235 t. During this period, the cast that benefitted the most were the fishermen. They
caught more fish

California Drought Essay
California state and some other west regions face the problem of severe drought and the researchers show several reasons to explain this phenomena.
According to research in weather data for the past century, in terms of overall precipitation and spring snowpack, the past three years are not
record–breakers and paleoclimate studies show that the current drought is not exceptional given the natural variations in precipitation of the past seven
centuries. It cannot thoroughly attribute drought to global warming. California may be faced a future of "perfect drought" because of following reasons.
Rising heat increases the evaporation, continuing depletion of ground water, and growing water shortages on the Colorado River [1]. It is predictable
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In my opinion, the affordable water solution includes two main directions: Taps new resource and reduces expenses of water. There are many ways to
create the new water resource and the feasible methods are 1. Building desalination plants 2. Building new the dams 3. Rain harvesting system.
California has very long coastline and it provides the very great opportunity to utilize sea water to generate drinking water by desalination plants. NBC
news "Solutions to California's Water Crisis from Half a World Away" showed the interesting comparing data between California and Israel in table 1
[2]. The desalination plants will contribute large amount of water to California's drought. We need to consider if low snowpack and high temperature
will happen frequently in the future, this is a right time to make a foresight plan to build the desalination plants. If the weather is still drought,
agriculture must pump more water away from aquifer. There is not only the land is sinking but also influence the eco system. Second, building a new
dam to storage water may be prudence. According to "Opinion Some dam questions about the California drought" on Los Angeles Times, building
dam is get us to ready for next drought and one that was finalized in Sacramento last month and is going to voters Nov.

Central Valley Drought

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