The document discusses various schemas related to space and motion that structure human experience and language. It describes occurrence schemas involving states and processes, spatial schemas involving location and motion, and force-dynamic schemas involving actions. It provides examples of prepositions and verbs used to describe spatial relationships in English and other languages, and analyzes differences in how languages conceptualize locations.

16. Classifying three static spatial situations (Melissa Bowerman) 02/09/11 Cognitive English Grammar La taza está en la mesa. La manzana está en la fuenta. La manilla está en la puerta. Die Tasse ist auf dem Tisch. Der Apfel ist in der Schüssel. Der Griff ist an der Tür.

17. Classifying three static spatial situations (Melissa Bowerman) 02/09/11 Cognitive English Grammar Kuppi on pödällä. Adessive The cup is on the table The handle is on the door. The apple is in the bowl. Omena on kulhossa. Inessive Ovessa on kahva. Inessive

18. Classifying three actions in English and Korean 02/09/11 Cognitive English Grammar

20. Dimensional prepositions dimension of landmark 0-dimensional 1-dimens. 2-dimens. 3-dimensional location P L A C E at , by, near, close to, with on , on top of in , within, inside, between from , away from off ( of ) out ( of ), outside of to , at, for, towards by , past, via on , onto, against along, about, around in, into through , throughout d i r e c t i o n S O U R C E G O A L P A T H 02/09/11 Cognitive English Grammar

22. at the intersection 02/09/11 Cognitive English Grammar

23. at the gate 02/09/11 Cognitive English Grammar Lynn is at the gate to St. Michael's and All Angels Church. Thankfully, the tourist center offered to call Robert (bell ringer) to open the church and show us around.

25. Core sense and extensions of on The book is on the table Contact with surface Contact with line Stratford on Avon The book is on the table Indirect contact I can rely on my friends Support The army stood on guard days Passive state My class is on Thursday 02/09/11 Cognitive English Grammar

26. wrinkles on my forehead 02/09/11 Cognitive English Grammar

28. Core sense and extensions of in The toys are in the box The flower is in the vase a comment in the margin There is a man in the water The chair is in the corner Containment Bounded surface Unbounded container Partial containment Mental boundaries of container Bounded passive states I am in love with Rose Bounded units of time other than days I’ll see you in the morning 02/09/11 Cognitive English Grammar

32. Vertical path prepositions: up and down vertical ascent endpoint/ completion gradual ascent reflexive The rocket shot up climb up the hill The elevator is up/ The steak is eaten up He stood up up down vertical descent gradual descent endpoint reflexive The rocket fell down climb down the hill The elevator is down He sat down LM LM LM LM LM LM TR TR TR TR TR TR LM = TR LM = TR 02/09/11 Cognitive English Grammar

34. Verticality prepositions: over and under (beneath, underneath) over LM separation contact fly over the Alps hike over the Alps under separation contact the cat under the table the key under the door mat rotation rotation TR She had a veil over her face. He carried a gun under his coat. reflexive The wall fell over. LM LM LM LM LM TR TR TR TR TR LM = TR 02/09/11 Cognitive English Grammar

36. Horizontality prepositions: before and after before The dog ran after the cat. after LM preceding LM in motion TR He reached the goal before me. following LM in motion TR LM preceding LM in fictive motion LM LM TR I come before you. following LM in fictive motion TR You come after me. 02/09/11 Cognitive English Grammar