2. Verb Forms
Time Frame Aspect
Past Simple
Present Progressive
Future Perfect
Perfect Progressive
Verbs: eat
play
3. Present Time Frame
• Present Simple vs. Present Progressive
▫ Present Simple
Recurring habits and skills
I drink coffee in the morning.
Facts
Flowers need water to live.
Permanent situations
We live in Saint Louis.
States and Conditions
Doctors have a lot of responsibility
4. Present Time Frame
• Present Simple vs. Present Progressive
▫ Present Progressive
Action in progress at time of speaking/writing
I am drinking coffee right now.
Action that is happening around time of speaking/writing
The cold weather is killing my plants.
Temporary situations
We are living in Saint Louis (until I finish my job here).
Actions
The doctors are having a lot of fun at the party
5. Present Time Frame
Dynamic vs Nondynamic verbs
Dynamic: Nondynamic:
Verbs that describe actions Verbs that describe states
The dog is running. Dogs like to run.
I am eating. I want to eat
She drinks coffee. She needs coffee.
6. Present Time Frame
Dynamic vs Nondynamic verbs
Dynamic can be progressive: Nondynamic can not be progressive:
The dog is running. Dogs like to run.
I am eating. I want to eat
She is drinking coffee. She needs coffee.
7. Present Perfect
• Something that continues from past until present:
▫ I have lived in Saint Louis for 8 years.
▫ I lived in New York for 8 years.
• Something that is still true now:
▫ I have learned how to adapt to American culture.
▫ I learned how to adapt to Japanese culture when I
lived there (2 years ago).
• Some connection to the present situation
(experiences):
▫ I have been to Hawaii.
▫ I have eaten grasshoppers.
8. Present Perfect
• Something that happened very recently:
▫ I have just met Barack Obama!
▫ We have just arrived here.
• When using ‘ever’, ‘never’, or ‘since’:
▫ I have never learned how to play piano.
▫ Have you ever learned how to paint?
▫ She has studied at SLU since 2009.
9. Future Forms
• Will Future
▫ You will have 16 children. (prediction)
▫ Don’t worry! I will pick up that glass. (decision)
▫ Plants will die if you don’t give them water
(general truth)
• Going to Future
▫ I’m going to play football with my friends this
weekend. (plan/intention)
• Present Progressive Future
▫ I’m playing football with my friends this weekend.
(plan/intention – similar to going to future)
10. Future Forms
• Present Simple Future
▫ Our plane leaves at 4:10. (schedule/timetable)
▫ My birthday is Friday. (schedule/event)
▫ Tomorrow is another day. (absolute certainty)
• Modal to Future
▫ I should go to the zoo this weekend. (uncertainty)
▫ He might play baseball this weekend.
(uncertainty)
11. Noun Modifiers
Determiner Intensifier Adjectives Noun Noun Modifying
and modifier Phrases
Participles
the/a/an Really Old/new Stone Wall •Next to the
Some/no Very Interesting University Campus river
My/your Slightly Red/green •Described
These/those in the book
12. Noun Modifiers – adjectives order
Opinion Appearance Age Color Origin
Good Big Old Red Wooden
Bad Heavy New Black Metal
Ugly Round Young Green French
Interesting Chipped Japanese
Nice Broken
13. Passives
How to make passives:
The Egyptians constructed the Pyramids.
The Pyramids were constructed by the Egyptians.
14. Passives
How to make passives:
The cookie is eaten by Steve.
Past?
Present Perfect?
Present Progressive?
Future?
15. Transitive vs. Intransitive Verbs
Transitive Verbs: Verbs that have receivers (objects)
for example: *Transitive Verbs can be Passive
I was punished by my mother for being late.
Intransitive Verbs: Verbs that do not have receivers
(objects)
for example:
*Intransitive Verbs can not be Passive
I arrived home at 11:00 PM.
See page 56 for list of some intransitive verbs
