This document provides 25 questions and answers related to CCNA 2 Chapter 11 on OSPF routing. OSPF is the Open Shortest Path First routing protocol. The questions cover topics like OSPF neighbor relationships, route calculations, DR/BDR elections, network statements, and troubleshooting.
It is an open standard, distance vector, classfull routing protocol. Rip version 2 supports classless.
It sends the complete routing table out to all active interfaces every 30 seconds. Rip only uses hop count
to determine the best way to a remote network, but it has a maximum allowable hop count of 15 by
default, meaning that 16 is deemed unreachable. RIP works well in small networks, but it’s inefficient on
large networks with slow WAN links or on networks with a large number of routers installed.
Redistribution is necessary when routing protocols connect and must pass routes between the two.
Route Redistribution involves placing the routes learned from one routing domain, such as RIP, into
another routing domain, such as EIGRP.
While running a single routing protocol throughout your entire IP internetwork is desirable, multiprotocol routing is common for a number of reasons, such as company mergers, multiple departments
managed by multiple network administrators, and multi-vendor environments. Running different
routing protocols is often part of a network design.
Networking Tutorial Goes to Basic PPP Configuration3Anetwork com
Leading Cisco networking products distributor-3network.com
Here we will be going over Basic Configuration of PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol). It includes Basic Configuration tasks on a router, configuring OSPF routing protocol, and configuring PPP PAP and CHAP authentication
It is an open standard, distance vector, classfull routing protocol. Rip version 2 supports classless.
It sends the complete routing table out to all active interfaces every 30 seconds. Rip only uses hop count
to determine the best way to a remote network, but it has a maximum allowable hop count of 15 by
default, meaning that 16 is deemed unreachable. RIP works well in small networks, but it’s inefficient on
large networks with slow WAN links or on networks with a large number of routers installed.
Redistribution is necessary when routing protocols connect and must pass routes between the two.
Route Redistribution involves placing the routes learned from one routing domain, such as RIP, into
another routing domain, such as EIGRP.
While running a single routing protocol throughout your entire IP internetwork is desirable, multiprotocol routing is common for a number of reasons, such as company mergers, multiple departments
managed by multiple network administrators, and multi-vendor environments. Running different
routing protocols is often part of a network design.
Networking Tutorial Goes to Basic PPP Configuration3Anetwork com
Leading Cisco networking products distributor-3network.com
Here we will be going over Basic Configuration of PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol). It includes Basic Configuration tasks on a router, configuring OSPF routing protocol, and configuring PPP PAP and CHAP authentication
Cisco CCNA- How to Configure Multi-Layer SwitchHamed Moghaddam
Cisco CCNA Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
To be Cisco Certified please Check out:
http://asmed.com/information-technology-it/
Cisco CCNA- How to Configure Multi-Layer SwitchHamed Moghaddam
Cisco CCNA Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
To be Cisco Certified please Check out:
http://asmed.com/information-technology-it/
CCNA Routing Protocol Commands.IP ROUTING, Static Routing, RIP (Routing Information Protocol), EIGRP, Verifying EIGRP and more.
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JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 preview
Ccna 2 chapter 11 v4.0 answers 2011
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CCNA 2 Chapter 11 V4.0 Answers
1.
Refer to the exhibit. All routers are running OSPF. What cost would JAX put in its
routing table for the 10.0.0.0/24 network?
2
156
1564
1785
1787
2.
Refer to the exhibit. Router1
and Router2 are running OSPF. The show ip ospf neighbor command reveals no
neighbors. What is a possible cause?
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OSPF autonomous system IDs do not match.
OSPF process IDs do not match.
OSPF network types are identical.
OSPF hello or dead timers do not match.
3. A fully converged five router OSPF network has been running successfully for
several weeks. All configurations have been saved and no static routes are used. If
one router looses power and reboots, what information will be in its routing table
after the configuration file is loaded but before OSPF has converged?
All routes for the entire network will be present.
Directly connected networks that are operational will be in the routing table.
Because the SPF algorithm has not completed all calculations, no routes will be in the
table.
A summary route for all previously learned routes will automatically appear in the
routing table until all LSPs have been received by the router.
4.
Refer to the exhibit. What configuration statements would give the results that are
shown in the output of the show ip protocols command?
B(config)# int fa0/0
B(config-if)# router-id 192.168.1.5
B(config)# int lo0
B(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.5
B(config)# router ospf 1
B(config-router)# router-id 192.168.1.5
B (config)# router ospf 1
B(config-router)# ip address 192.168.1.5
5.
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Refer to the exhibit. When OSPF is operational in the exhibited network, what
neighbor relationship is developed between Router1 and Router2?
A FULL adjacency is formed.
A 2WAY adjacency is formed.
Router2 will become the DR and Router1 will become the BDR.
Both routers will become DROTHERS.
6. What does OSPF use to calculate the cost to a destination network?
bandwidth
bandwidth and hop count
bandwidth and reliability
bandwidth, load, and reliablity
7.
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Refer to the exhibit. The routers in the exhibit are using default OSPF configuration
settings to advertise all attached networks. If all of the routers start at the same
time, what will be the result of the DR and BDR elections for this single area OSPF
network? (Choose three.)
HQ will be DR for 10.4.0.0/16.
Router A will be DR for 10.4.0.0/16.
HQ will be BDR for 10.4.0.0/16.
Router A will be DR for 10.5.0.0/16.
Remote will be DR for 10.5.0.0/16.
Remote will be BDR for 10.5.0.0/16.
8. What does OSPF use to reduce the number of exchanges of routing information
in networks where large numbers of neighbors are present? (Choose two.)
root router
backup root router
domain router
backup domain router
designated router
backup designated router
9.
Refer to the exhibit. All routers have been configured with the interface priorities
that are shown. All routers were restarted simultaneously. The results of the
DR/BDR election are shown. What can be concluded about this network?
Router C cannot win a DR election under any circumstances.
If the link for interface 192.168.1.4 goes down, router B will become the new DR.
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The highest router ID was most likely determined via an OSPF router-id statement or
statements.
If a new router is added with a higher router ID than router D, it will become the DR.
10.
Refer to the exhibit. Router A is correctly configured for OSPF. Which OSPF
configuration statement or set of statements was entered for router B to generate
the exhibited routing table?
B(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
B(config-router)# network 10.16.1.0 0.0.0.224 area 0
B(config-router)# network 10.16.1.0 255.255.255.224 area 0
B(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
B(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
11.
Refer to the exhibit. Assuming that the routers have default interface OSPF
priorities and no configured loopback interfaces, what two roles will router B play
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on each network segment? (Choose two.)
DR for network 192.168.1.200
BDR for network 192.168.1.200
DROTHER on 192.168.1.200
DR for network 192.168.1.204
BDR for network 192.168.1.204
DROTHER on network 192.168.1.204
12.
Refer to the exhibit. Routers A, B, C, and D are all running OSPF with default
router IDs and OSPF interface priorities. Loopback interfaces are not configured
and all interfaces are operational. Router D is the DR and router C is the BDR.
What happens immediately after the following commands are entered on router A?
A(config)# interface fa0/0
A(config-if)# ip ospf priority 255
A will become the DR. D will become the BDR.
A will become the DR. C will remain the BDR.
D will remain the DR. A will become the BDR.
D will remain the DR. C will remain the BDR.
13. What range of networks will be advertised in the OSPF updates by the
command Router1(config-router)# network 192.168.0.0 0.0.15.255 area 100?
192.168.0.0/24 through 192.168.0.15/24
192.168.0.0/24 through 192.168.15.0/24
192.168.15.0/24 through 192.168.31.0/24
192.168.15.0/24 through 192.168.255.0/24
192.168.16.0/24 through 192.168.255.0/24
14.
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Refer to the exhibit. RouterA, RouterB, and RouterC in the diagram are running
OSPF on their Ethernet interfaces. Router D was just added to the network.
Routers are configured with the loopback interfaces (Lo 0) that are shown in the
exhibit. What happens to the OSPF DR/BDR after RouterD is added to the
network?
RouterB takes over as DR and RouterD becomes the BDR.
RouterD becomes the BDR and RouterA remains the DR.
RouterD becomes the DR and RouterA becomes the BDR.
RouterC acts as the DR until the election process is complete.
RouterD becomes the DR and RouterB remains the BDR.
There is no change in the DR or BDR until either current DR or BDR goes down.
15.
Refer to the exhibit. How many OSPF adjacencies must be formed to build the
complete topology if a DR or BDR were not elected in this OSPF network?
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4
5
6
7
10
16. What is the default administrative distance for OSPF?
90
100
110
115
120
17.
Refer to the exhibit. Which command sequence on RouterB will redistribute a
gateway of last resort to the other routers in OSPF area 0?
RouterB(config)# router ospf 10 RouterB(config-router)# gateway-of-last-resort
172.16.6.6
RouterB(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 serial 0/0/0
RouterB(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.6.6
RouterB(config)# router ospf 10
RouterB(config-router)# default-information originate
RouterB(config)# router ospf 10
RouterB(config-router)# default-network 172.16.6.6 0.0.0.3 area 0
RouterB(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.6.6
RouterB(config)# ip default-route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.6.6
RouterB(config)# router ospf 10
RouterB(config-router)# redistribute ip default-route
18. Which two statements describe the use of OSPF DR/BDR elections? (Choose
two.)
Elections are always optional.
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Elections are required in all WAN networks.
Elections are required in point-to-point networks.
Elections are required in broadcast multiaccess networks.
Elections are sometimes required in NBMA networks.
19.
Refer to the exhibit. What does the “2″ stand for in the router ospf 2 statement?
The number 2 is the autonomous system number.
The number 2 indicates the number of networks advertised by OSPF.
The number 2 identifies this particular instance of OSPF on this router.
The number 2 indicates the priority of the OSPF process on this router.
20.
Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator wants to set the router ID of
Router1 to 192.168.100.1. What steps can the administrator take to accomplish this?
shut down the loop back interface
use the OSPF router-id 192.168.100.1 command
use the clear ip ospf process command
nothing, the router-id of Router1 is already 192.168.100.1
21.
Refer to the exhibit. What must be received between neighbors to prevent the dead
time that is shown in the exhibit from reaching zero?
any traffic through the router interfaces
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routing database updates
hello packets
BPDU packets
22.
Refer to the exhibit. What does the “O*E2″ from the “O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via
192.168.1.1, 00:05:34, Serial0/0″ line represent?
an internal type 2 OSPF route.
an external OSPF route at least two hops away.
an external OSPF route from two different sources.
an external OSPF route that will not increment in cost.
a default route.
The route was distributed into OSPF from a type 2 router.
23.
Refer to the exhibit. Which network command or set of commands will cause OSPF
to be enabled for any R1 interface connected to the exhibited subnets?
R1(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 area 0
R1(config-router)# network 10.1.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R1(config-router)# network
10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R1(config-router)# network 10.1.2.4 0.0.0.3 area 0
R1(config-router)# network 10.1.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)# network 10.2.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
24.
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Refer to the exhibit. What is the cost of the route to the 10.0.0.0 network?
2
110
1786
1.544
25. What three parameters must be indentical between OSPF routers in order to
form an adjacency? (Choose three.)
area id
K-values
metric value
hello interval
network type
interface type
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